1. Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson's diseaseStiven Roytman, Rebecca Paalanen, Giulia Carli, Uroš Marušič, Prabesh Kanel, Teus van Laar, Nicolaas I. Bohnen, 2025 Opis: Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population. Posture and gait control does not happen automatically, as previously believed, but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms. To effectively exert control over the body, the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information, including visual, vestibular, and somatosensory signals. The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work. Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults. Insufficient emphasis, however, has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance. In the present work, we review the contributions of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular modalities, along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson's disease. We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows, previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults. Lastly, we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates, both at the level of neurobiology (concerning positron emission tomography imaging) and at the level of electrophysiology (concerning electroencephalography). We hope that this integrative review, drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience, paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches, to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Ključne besede: aging, gait, balance, encephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, multisensory integration
Objavljeno: 17.06.2024; Ogledov: 8157; Prenosov: 950
 Celotno besedilo (1,36 MB)
Ogledov v tednu: 2404 |
2. |
3. 30 let spremljanja stanja gozdov v Sloveniji2017 Ključne besede: gozdarstvo, gozdni ekosistemi, poškodbe gozdov, gozdna tla, svetlobne razmere, onesnaženost zraka, bioindikatorji, mestni gozdovi, vodna bilanca, genetski monitoring
Objavljeno: 15.06.2017; Ogledov: 25218; Prenosov: 2336
Celotno besedilo (3,59 MB)
Ogledov v tednu: 1521 |
4. |
5. |
6. |
7. Jellyfish mucus-derived organic matter as a source of labile nutrients for the ambient microbial communityNathan Hubot, Sarah L.C. Giering, Neža Orel, Katja Klun, Gerhard J. Herndl, Felix Hohaus, Cathy H. Lucas, Tinkara Tinta, 2026 Opis: Jellyfish are increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to marine organic matter (OM) on a global scale, with implications for ecosystem dynamics. While the role of jellyfish detritus in microbial nutrient cycling has been explored, the contribution of OM released by live jellyfish—primarily as mucus (hereinafter referred to as mucusassociated OM, or MAOM)—remains understudied. This study investigates the release of organic and inorganic nutrients through MAOM from live jellyfish and their effects on ambient microbial communities in the northern Adriatic Sea using a series of leaching and short-term microcosm experiments. Our results show that per gram of MAOM dry weight from the jellyfish Aurelia spp, approximatively 2 µmol of phosphate, 4 µmol of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 18 µmol dissolved organic nitrogen, 134 µmol of dissolved organic carbon and 15 µmol of dissolved free amino acids can be released in the ambient seawater in 24 h. Almost half of the OM is released as dissolved OM (DOM), of which a substantial part is low molecular weight (<1 kDa) molecules. During the first 20 h, the DOM fraction of MAOM was rapidly consumed by the ambient microbial community without a corresponding increase in biomass, likely due to nitrogen limitation. In the subsequent 22 h, microbial growth accelerated to 0.19 ± 0.03 h−1 until phosphate became limiting, leading to a sharp decline in microbial production. Our metagenomics analysis revealed that the MAOM-degrading microbial community, dominated by Gammaproteobacteria opportunistic copiotrophs, exhibited increased functional capacity for nutrient assimilation and OM degradation, particularly in the transport and metabolism of amino acids (particularly glycine and taurine) and phosphorus. These traits mirror those found in detritus-degrading microbial communities, suggesting that jellyfish blooms promote the emergence of specialized microbial consortia with shared metabolic capabilities. Taken together, our findings highlight that live jellyfish, through the release of OM, play an active and previously underappreciated role in shaping ambient microbial community dynamics and nutrient fluxes in marine systems affected by jellyfish blooms.
Ključne besede: jellyfish, bacteria, biogeochemistry, metagenome
Objavljeno: 02.03.2026; Ogledov: 480; Prenosov: 47
Celotno besedilo (1,31 MB)
Ogledov v tednu: 416 |
8. |
9. |
10. |