1401. Experimental investigation of the shear force capacity of prismatic cross laminated timber beamsHenrik Danielsson, Tomaž Pazlar, Erik Serrano, Boris Azinović, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Experimental tests of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) under in-plane beam loading conditions are presented. The influence of the element layup, the individual lamination width, and the beam overhang at the supports on the shear force capacity was investigated. All the CLT beams had the same gross cross section, and a 4-point-bending test setup was used. The experimentally determined load-bearing capacities are compared with the load-bearing capacities resulting from analytical methods proposed for structural design, focusing on shear failure in the crossing areas of flatwise bonded laminations (shear failure mode III). The test results indicate no or very small influence of the element layup and the lamination width on the shear force capacity. These results partly contradict the predictions of the proposed design methods. Of the three studied beam geometry parameters, the beam overhang at the support had the greatest influence on the load-bearing capacity. Ključne besede: cross laminated timber, CLT, beam, shear testing, shear capacity, design methods Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 397; Prenosov: 197
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1402. Poročilo : Makro in mikro analiza vzorcev lesa za identifikacijo (javor)Jožica Gričar, Gregor Skoberne, Peter Prislan, 2024, elaborat, predštudija, študija Ključne besede: gozdarstvo, les, makro analize, mikro analize, javor, identifikacija Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 389; Prenosov: 93
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1403. Thermal characterisation of the cooling phase of post-flashover compartment firesAndrea Lucherini, Balša Jovanović, Jose L. Torero, Ruben Van Coile, Bart Merci, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The main characteristics of the cooling phase of post-flashover compartment fires are studied using a simplified first-principles heat transfer approach to establish key limitations of more traditional methodologies (e.g., Eurocode). To this purpose, the boundary conditions during cooling are analysed. To illustrate the importance of a first-principles approach, a detailed review of the literature is presented followed by the presentation of a simplified numerical model. The model is constructed to calculate first-order thermal conditions during the cooling phase. The model is not intended to provide a precise calculation method but rather baseline estimates that incorporate all key thermal inputs and outputs. First, the thermal boundary conditions in the heating phase are approximated with a single (gas) temperature and the Eurocode parametric fire curves, to provide a consistent initial condition for the cooling phase and to be able to compare the traditional approach to the first- principles approach. After fuel burnout, the compartment gases become optically thin and temperatures decay to ambient values, while the compartment solid elements slowly cool down. For simplicity, convective cooling of the compartment linings is estimated using a constant convective heat transfer coefficient and all linings surfaces are assumed to have the same temperature (no net radiative heat exchange). All structural elements are assumed to be thermally thick. While these simplifications introduce quantitative errors, they enable an analytical solution for transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite solid that captures all key heat transfer processes. Comparisons between the results obtained using both approaches highlight how, even when considering the same fire energy input, the thermal boundary conditions according to the Eurocode parametric fire curves lead to an increase energy accumulated in the solid after fuel burnout and a delay in the onset of cooling. This is not physically correct, and it may lead to misrepresentation of the impact of post-flashover fires on structural behaviour. Ključne besede: cooling phase, fire decay, fire dynamics, compartment fires, structural fire engineering, fire safety Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 385; Prenosov: 178
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1404. An experimental apparatus for bench-scale fire testing using electrical heating padsAleksandra Seweryn, Andrea Lucherini, Jean-Marc Franssen, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This research study concerns an experimental, budget-friendly, electricity- powered apparatus for bench-scale fire testing. The apparatus consists of various elements, of which the most important are ceramic heating pads, used to impose heat fluxes on exposed surfaces of specimens. The test method allows to control the heating pads’ temperature and to adjust the distance between the heating pads and the specimen to obtain well-defined heat fluxes up to 50–60 kW/m2. Higher heat fluxes and temperatures can be obtained by setting the heating pads in full power mode, with or without the use of a thermal shield, which can lead to heat fluxes up to 150 kW/m2. The heating and thermal boundary conditions imposed by the apparatus are characterised and discussed, and the thickness of the convective boundary layer at the heating pads’ surface is estimated significantly lower than in the case of gas- fired radiant panels. The performance of the apparatus is analysed for various conditions: controlling the temperature of the heating pads, in an open environment or with the presence of thermal shields, and in full power mode. A few examples of application of the apparatus to fire test typical construction materials (steel and glass) are also presented. These results emphasise the well-defined heating conditions in temperature-controlled mode. The study finally discusses the advantages and limitations of the apparatus, as well as many possibilities of future applications and improvement for future research studies. Ključne besede: radiant panels, fire testing, heat transfer, heat flux, electrical heating pads, thermal boundary conditions Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 325; Prenosov: 771
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1405. Influence of test methodology on the characterization of the parallel-to-grain timber embedment strength and foundation modulus of dowelsCaroline D. Aquino, Rodrigues Leonardo G., Michael Schweigler, Meta Kržan, Zheng Li, Jorge M. Branco, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: A reliable determination of the embedment strength and foundation modulus of timber elements is critical for the design and safety assessment of joints in timber structures. However, the existence of various test configurations for characterising the embedding properties of large diameter steel fasteners in timber elements poses challenges in directly comparing and utilising available test data. This paper aims to provide an insight into the influence of embedment property test methods, comparing experimental results from different test setups within the guidelines of the EN 383 and ASTM D 5764-97a standards for European softwood species, Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). In addition to the test guidelines, the thickness of the specimen and the application of the load was evaluated within the protocols. A comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to identify statistically significant differences between the groups evaluated. The results of the analysis revealed disagreement between the standards in the evaluation of the strength of the embedding, highlighting the potential bias inserted by the experimental setup and protocol. Furthermore, it was proven that the thickness of the specimens influences both the embedding strength and the foundation modulus of the wood species tested. Finally, no distinctions were observed between tensile and compressive loading within the guidelines of the EN 383 standard. Ključne besede: embedment strength, foundation modulus, dowel-type connections, test methods Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 308; Prenosov: 160
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1406. Why geopolymers and alkali-activated materials are key components of a sustainable world : a perspective contributionWaltraud M. Kriven, Cristina Leonelli, John L. Provis, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Cyril Attwell, Vilma Ducman, Claudio Ferone, Sylvie Rossignol, Tero Luukkonen, Jannie S. J. Van Deventer, José V. Emiliano, Jérôme E. Lombardi, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This perspective article delves into the transformative potential of alkali-activated materials, acid-activated materials, and geopolymers in mitigating climate change and market challenges. To harness the benefits of these materials, a comprehensive strategy is proposed. This strategy aims to integrate these materials into existing construction regulations, facilitate certification, and promote market access. Emphasizing research and innovation, the article advocates for, increased funding to refine the chemistry and production of these materials, prioritizing low-cost alternatives and local waste materials. Collaboration between academia and industry is encouraged to expedite technological advances and broaden applications. This article also underscores the need to develop economic and business models emphasizing the long-term benefits of these materials, including lower life-cycle costs and reduced environmental impact. Incentivizing adoption through financial mechanisms like tax credits and subsidies is suggested. The strategy also includes scaling up production technology, fostering industrial collaboration for commercial viability, and developing global supply chains. Educational programs for professionals and regulators are recommended to enhance awareness and adoption. Additionally, comprehensive life-cycle assessments are proposed to demonstrate environmental benefits. The strategy culminates in expanding the applications of these materials beyond construction, fostering international collaboration for knowledge sharing, and thus positioning these materials as essential for sustainable construction and climate change mitigation. Ključne besede: geopolymers, alkali activated materials, perspective Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 342; Prenosov: 389
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1407. Utilisation of reused steel and slag : analysing the circular economy benefits through three case studiesGenesis Camila Cervantes Puma, Adriana Salles, Janez Turk, Viorel Ungureanu, Luís Bragança, 2024, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This research explores sustainable construction practices focusing on material reuse, specifically reclaimed structural steel and slag. In general, the building stock is not designed for deconstruction, and material recovery for reuse at the end of life of buildings is complex and challenging. The study evaluates the benefits of content reuse through a thorough analysis of three case studies— BedZED eco-friendly housing, Angus Technopôle building, and the use of steel slag aggregate in road construction. It highlights the value of reclaimed structural steel and by-products like steel slag in waste reduction, energy conservation, and resource preservation. The BedZED case study showcases recycled steel’s cost-effectiveness and economic viability in construction, while the Angus Technopôle building exemplifies the adaptive reuse of an old steel frame building. Additionally, the third case study showcases the benefits of using Electric Arc Furnace C slag in asphalt-wearing courses, highlighting the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. The versatility of reclaimed structural steel and slag is evident in integrating material reuse in building construction and road infrastructure. These case studies illustrate the potential for reusing steel and its by-products in various construction contexts, from eco-friendly housing to road development. Therefore, the study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of sustainable practices within the construction industry by showcasing the successful incorporation of reclaimed steel and slag in these projects. Considering the significant contributions of building construction to global greenhouse gas emissions, raw material extraction, and waste production, the study advocates for adopting circular economy (CE) principles within the construction industry. Finally, the analysis of case studies underscores the advantages of reclaimed structural steel and the valorisation of steel slag through the lens of CE and their contribution to sustainable development. Ključne besede: circular economy, reused steel, steel slag aggregate, reclaimed steel, steel members Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.04.2024; Ogledov: 323; Prenosov: 159
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1408. Bioresorbability dependence on microstructure of additivelly- manufactured and conventionally-produced Fe-Mn alloysMatjaž Godec, Jakob Kraner, Danijela Anica Skobir Balantič, Irena Paulin, Damjana Drobne, Veno Kononenko, Aleksandra Kocijan, Paul J. McGuiness, Črtomir Donik, 2024, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Povzetek: The dataset supports the results shown in the tables and figures in the article entitled “Bioresorbability Dependence on Microstructure of Additivelly-Manufactured and Conventionally-Produced Fe-Mn Alloys” (doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.097). It contains measurements of corrosion resistance of Fe-Mn samples, phase analysis of samples A, B and C, surface and depth profiling XPS, EDS measurements of a cross-section of Fe-Mn powder particles and viability measurements results. Ključne besede: Fe-Mn alloy, laser powder bed fusion, bioresorbable, microstructure, corrosion behaviour, biocompatibility Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.04.2024; Ogledov: 451; Prenosov: 306
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1409. Identification of three anatomical patterns of the spinal accessory nerve in the neck by neurophysiological mappingBoštjan Lanišnik, Miha Žargi, Zoran Rodi, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background. In spite of preservation of the accessory nerve there is still considerable proportion of patients with partial nerve damage during modified radical neck dissection (MRND). Methods. The nerve was identified during the surgery and its branches for the trapezius muscle mapped with nerve monitor. Results. The accessory nerve was mapped during 74 hemineck dissections and three patterns were identified. In type 1 nerve exits at the posterior end of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCm) and then it enters the level V (66 %). In type 2 the nerve for trapezius muscle branches off before entering the SCm (22 %). In type 3 the nerve exits at the posterior part of the SCm and it joins to the cervical plexus (12 %). The nerve than exits this junction more medially as a single trapezius branch. Conclusions. The description of three anatomical patterns in level II and V could help preserving the trapezius branch during MRND. Ključne besede: spinal accessory nerve, nerve mapping, neck dissection, anatomy, shoulder disability Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.04.2024; Ogledov: 608; Prenosov: 407
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1410. Intercalated chemotherapy and erlotinib for advanced NSCLC : high proportion of complete remissions and prolonged progression-free survival among patients with EGFR activating mutationsMatjaž Zwitter, Karmen Stanič, Mirjana Rajer, Izidor Kern, Martina Vrankar, Natalija Edelbaher, Viljem Kovač, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background. Pharmaco-dynamic separation of cytotoxic and targeted drugs might avoid their mutual antagonistic effect in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods. Eligible patients were treatment-naive with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC. In addition, inclusion was limited to never-smokers or light smokers or, after 2010, to patients with activating epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Treatment started with 3-weekly cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin on days 1, 2 and 4 and erlotinib on days 5 to 15. After 4 to 6 cycles, patients continued with erlotinib maintenance. Results. Fifty-three patients were recruited into the trial: 24 prior to 2010 (of whom 9 were later found to be positive for EGFR mutations), and 29 EGFR mutation-positive patients recruited later. Unfavourable prognostic factors included stage IV disease (51 patients - 96%), performance status 2%3 (11 patients - 21%) and brain metastases (15 patients - 28%). Grade 4 toxicity included 2 cases of neutropenia and 4 thrombo-embolic events. The 15 EGFR negative patients had 33% objective response rate, median progression-free survival (PFS) 6.0 months and median survival 7.6 months. Among 38 EGFR positive patients, complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were seen in 16 (42.1%) and 17 (44.7%) cases, respectively. PET-CT scanning was performed in 30 patients and confirmed CR and PR in 16 (53.3%) and 9 (30.0%) cases, respectively. Median PFS for EGFR mutated patients was 21.2 months and median survival was 32.5 months. Conclusions. While patients with EGFR negative tumors do not benefit from addition of erlotinib, the intercalated schedule appears most promising for those with EGFR activating mutations. Ključne besede: non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR activating mutations, gemicitabine, erlotinib Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.04.2024; Ogledov: 366; Prenosov: 136
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