1. Modelling of traffic load effects in the assessment of existing road bridgesDominik Skokandić, Ana Mandić Ivanković, Aleš Žnidarič, Mladen Srbić, 2019, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Traffic load models used for the design of new bridges are based on conservative assumptions and have not been proven efficient for assessing safety of existing bridges. In the case of existing bridges, it is reasonable to use load models that are based on bridge weigh-in-motion data which, in addition to axle loads and spacing of bridge-crossing vehicles, provide information on bridge behaviour under traffic load. This paper provides an overview of traffic load models, as well as guidelines on the use of weigh-in-motion data when assessing condition of existing road bridges.
Ključne besede: prometna obtežba, tehtanje vozil med vožnjo, mostni WIM, ocenjevanje stanja, obstoječi mostovi, traffic load, weigh-in-motion, bridge WIM, condition assessment, existing bridges
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.03.2024; Ogledov: 109; Prenosov: 81
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2. Comprehensive permanent remote monitoring system of a multi-span highway bridgeAndrej Anžlin, Uroš Bohinc, Doron Hekič, Maja Kreslin, Jan Kalin, Aleš Žnidarič, 2021, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: As part of the reconstruction of a multi-span viaduct on a Slovenian highway, a permanent remote monitoring system with over 200 sensors was established. Several parameters are monitored on different parts of the viaduct by means of temperature sensors, accelerometers, strain gauges, long-gauge deformation and Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. In this way strains, frequencies and temperatures on external prestressed beam cables, carbon fibre rebarsused for the flexural strengthening of a deck overhang, pier caps and prestressed beams are measured and stored into the on-site central data acquisition system. This paper presents architecture of the permanent bridge monitoring system and preliminary results of the measurements.
Ključne besede: permanent monitoring, structural health monitoring, bridge WIM, sensors, viaduct
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2024; Ogledov: 240; Prenosov: 112
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3. Določitev karakterističnih notranjih statičnih količin cestnih mostov iz podatkov tehtanja vozil med vožnjoAleš Žnidarič, Goran Turk, Maja Kreslin, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Prispevek obravnava določitev notranjih statičnih količin cestnih mostov iz podatkov tehtanj vozil med vožnjo (meritev WIM, ang. weigh-in-motion), ki edina zagotovijo celovito in nepristransko sliko o tovornem prometu na merjenem cestnem odseku. Tovrstni podatki so ključni za določitev realnih učinkov prometnih obtežb, s katerimi dokazujemo zadostno varnost mostov, tudi starih in poškodovanih. Takšne mostove bi bilo treba ob upoštevanju obtežnih shem iz sodobnih pravilnikov za mostove pogo- sto zapreti ali jim omejiti prometno obtežbo. Predstavljene so metode, s katerimi iz podatkov WIM izračunamo karakteristične vrednosti notranjih statičnih količin. Posebej smo analizirali metodo konvolucije in rezultate primerjali z rezultati ekstrapolacije ekstremnih vrednosti, najbolj pogostega postopka za napovedovanje maksimalnih pričakovanih vplivov prometa v izbranem obdobju, ter rezultati obsežnih numeričnih simulacij. Veliko pozornost smo namenili izbiri vhodnih parametrov ter načinu od- čitavanja karakterističnih vrednosti, ki bistveno vplivajo na rezultate ekstrapolacij in simulacij. Rezultati kažejo, da daje metoda konvolucije, ki je računsko neprimerno manj zahtevna od ostalih uporabljanih metod, primerljive rezultate. Sočasno so le-ti manj občutljivi za subjektivno izbiro uporabljenih parametrov. Bistveni zaključek analize je tudi, da za zanesljiv račun karakte- rističnih notranjih statičnih količin mostov zaradi prometa potrebujemo s sistemom WIM izmerjene osne pritiske in medosne razdalje vsaj 100.000 tovornih vozil.
Ključne besede: most, tehtanje vozil med vožnjo, notranje statične količine, konvolucija, simulacija, WIM, B-WIM
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.12.2023; Ogledov: 217; Prenosov: 85
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4. Using statistical analysis of an acceleration-based bridge weigh-in-motion system for damage detectionEugene J. O'Brien, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Daniel Patrick McCrum, Aleš Žnidarič, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This paper develops a novel method of bridge damage detection using statistical analysis of data from an acceleration-based bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) system. Bridge dynamic analysis using a vehicle-bridge interaction model is carried out to obtain bridge accelerations, and the BWIM concept is applied to infer the vehicle axle weights. A large volume of traffic data tends to remain consistent (e.g., most frequent gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 3-axle trucks); therefore, the statistical properties of inferred vehicle weights are used to develop a bridge damage detection technique. Global change of bridge stiffness due to a change in the elastic modulus of concrete is used as a proxy of bridge damage. This approach has the advantage of overcoming the variability in acceleration signals due to the wide variety of source excitations/vehicles–data from a large number of different vehicles can be easily combined in the form of inferred vehicle weight. One year of experimental data from a short-span reinforced concrete bridge in Slovenia is used to assess the effectiveness of the new approach. Although the acceleration-based BWIM system is inaccurate for finding vehicle axle-weights, it is found to be effective in detecting damage using statistical analysis. It is shown through simulation as well as by experimental analysis that a significant change in the statistical properties of the inferred BWIM data results from changes in the bridge condition.
Ključne besede: bridge health monitoring, bridge WIM, structural dynamics, damage detection, vehicle-bridge interaction
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.09.2023; Ogledov: 276; Prenosov: 139
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5. Model updating concept using bridge Weigh-in-Motion dataDoron Hekič, Andrej Anžlin, Maja Kreslin, Aleš Žnidarič, Peter Češarek, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Finite element (FE) model updating of bridges is based on the measured modal parameters and less frequently on the measured structural response under a known load. Until recently, the FE model updating did not consider strain measurements from sensors installed for weighing vehicles with bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) systems. A 50-year-old multi-span concrete highway viaduct, renovated between 2017 and 2019, was equipped with continuous monitoring system with over 200 sensors, and a B-WIM system. In the most heavily instrumented span, the maximum measured longitudinal strains induced by the full-speed calibration vehicle passages were compared with the modelled strains. Based on the sensitivity study results, three variables that affected its overall stiffness were updated: Young’s modulus adjustment factor of all structural elements, and two anchorage reduction factors that considered the interaction between the superstructure and non-structural elements. The analysis confirmed the importance of the initial manual FE model updating to correctly reflect the non-structural elements during the automatic nonlinear optimisation. It also demonstrated a successful use of pseudo-static B-WIM loading data during the model updating process and the potential to extend the proposed approach to using random B-WIM-weighed vehicles for FE model updating and long-term monitoring of structural parameters and load-dependent phenomena.
Ključne besede: monitoring, bridge, viaduct, bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM), structural health monitoring (SHM), finite element (FE), calibration, model updating
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Ogledov: 402; Prenosov: 221
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6. Development and testing of a railway bridge weigh-in-motion systemDonya Hajializadeh, Aleš Žnidarič, Jan Kalin, Eugene J. OBrien, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study describes the development and testing of a railway bridge weigh-in-motion (RB-WIM) system. The traditional bridge WIM (B-WIM) system developed for road bridges was extended here to calculate the weights of railway carriages. The system was tested using the measured response from a test bridge in Poland, and the accuracy of the system was assessed using statically-weighed trains. To accommodate variable velocity of the trains, the standard B-WIM algorithm, which assumes a constant velocity during the passage of a vehicle, was adjusted and the algorithm revised accordingly. The results showed that the vast majority of the calculated carriage weights fell within %5% of their true, statically-weighed values. The sensitivity of the method to the calibration methods was then assessed using regression models, trained by di%erent combinations of calibration trains.
Ključne besede: bridge weigh-in-motion, railway bridge loading, bridge instrumentation, B-WIM
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.05.2023; Ogledov: 300; Prenosov: 149
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