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Povzetek: International provenance trials of ecologically and economically important tree species are crucial to deciphering the influence of environmental factors and intraspecific variability on tree growth and performance under climate change to guide assisted gene flow and assisted migration of tree provenances and species. In this context, we compared inter-annual trends in tree-ring widths (carbon sequestration potential) and vessel characteristics (conductivity optimisation) of four beech provenances in two international provenance trials, one in Slovenia (Kamenski hrib, a core beech growing site) and one in Hungary (Bucsuta, a marginal beech site) in 2009–2019. We found different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and tree-ring widths among provenances and sites, pointing to diverse genetic background and environmental influence on these two wood-anatomical traits. The average values of the vessel area varied less between provenances at Kamenski hrib than at Bucsuta. Weather conditions differently affected tree-ring width and mean vessel area. Furthermore, the length of the period of response of vessel area to the analysed weather conditions differed in summer and winter periods. The differences in the mean vessel area within the tree ring were more pronounced in the weather-wise extreme years, regardless of the provenance. Consistent with previous studies, we confirmed that site conditions affect the climate sensitivity of trees, which is more pronounced at marginal sites or in extreme years. The findings on how different environmental conditions affect the radial growth of young beech trees of different origin are very important for future forest management.
Ključne besede: Fagus sylvatica, quantitative wood anatomy, common gardens, intraspecific variation, juvenile period, weather conditions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2024; Ogledov: 200; Prenosov: 662
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Povzetek: Changing environmental conditions, disturbances, and escalating demands for forest ecosystem services require foresters to restore present forestlands with new forest generations that will exhibit ecological integrity, diversity, high adaptive capacity, and the ability to provide essential ecosystem services. Establishing such forests requires careful consideration of the forest landscape and site dynamics. In pursuit of these requirements, we developed a novel framework that enables the restoration of forest sites and promotes the desired features of the forest complex at the same time. This framework was designed with the methods of system engineering and was organized in the same way as the forest planning process. It was tested in the habitat type of Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests belonging to the Natura 2000 network. The environmental, vegetation, and site conditions were investigated via field inspections, available forest management plans, and simple GIS analyses. Additionally, we established a seminatural stand composed of European beech, sessile oak, sycamore maple, silver fir, and some wild fruit tree species. The survival of planted species was assessed using census and simple random sampling, the performance of provenances by the Student’s test, while microhabitat factors were explored by a one-way ANOVA. The survival rate of key species was estimated to be 55.6%, while that of fruit species was estimated to be 94.5%. Our framework demonstrated satisfactory performance and contained sufficient benchmarks to facilitate consistent decision-making. In the discussion, we elucidate the framework’s primary features and attributes of the mixed stand, where we also expose some open issues to be addressed in the future.
Ključne besede: restoration, forest habitat type, indigenous species, planting, mixed stand, key species, fruit species
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.06.2024; Ogledov: 560; Prenosov: 336
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Povzetek: Beyond growth parameters and drought tolerance, comparatively little is known about the functioning of different beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances. We investigated properties of leaves, stem secondary xylem, and ectomycorrhiza (ECM), and explored their interdependencies to identify the best performing beech provenance in optimal growth conditions. The study was conducted on 23-year-old trees in a provenance trial. The investigated provenances originated from Atlantic (Belgium—BE), Alpine (Italy—IT, Slovenia—SI), and continental climates (the Czech Republic—CZ). A significant effect of provenance was observed for stem vessel diameters and conductive area, as well as for foliar %C, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O. δ13C as a proxy of intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) showed that the highest iWUE was achieved in BE provenance. Individuals with a better iWUE had wider growth rings regardless of provenance. Better iWUE was associated with lower specific leaf area (SLA). ECM community composition and diversity indices did not differ significantly among the provenances. Specific ECM taxa were associated with individuals with high SLA, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O. In optimal growth conditions with no stress events, BE is a promising provenance due to an efficient water conducting system with high vessel diameters and conductive area, and high iWUE, while Alpine provenances showed an adaptation of their water conducting system to freezing conditions at their original locations. Integrating findings from different compartments improves our understanding of functioning of different beech provenances.
Ključne besede: Fagus sylvatica, provenance trial, stable isotopes, specific leaf area, xylem vessels, ectomycorrhizal fungi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.04.2024; Ogledov: 707; Prenosov: 959
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Povzetek: Trajnostno, sonaravno in večnamensko gospodarjenje s slovenskimi gozdovi je omogočilo ohranjeno biotsko raznovrstnost, ohranjen prilagoditveni potencial ter velik povprečni prirastek in lesno zalogo. Za trajnostno zagotavljanje funkcij gozdov bo potrebno prilagajanje na spreminjajoče se podnebne in družbene razmere. Osrednji ukrep prilagajanja gozdov na podnebne spremembe je povečevanje pestrosti, tudi genetske. Praktično vsi področni strateški, zakonodajni ter operativni dokumenti na nacionalni in evropski ravni prepoznavajo in vsebujejo pomen ohranjanja gozdnih genskih virov in obnove ter nege gozda za trajnostni razvoj in zagotavljanje funkcij gozdov. Gospodarjenje z gozdovi bo treba nadgraditi z ukrepi, ki vključujejo aktiven pristop pri obnovi in negi gozda s čim širšo paleto vrstno in genetsko raznolikih sadik gozdnih drevesnih vrst. V obdobju 2023–2026 bo za obnovo gozdov in semenarsko ter drevesničarsko dejavnost na letni ravni potencialno namenjenih pribl. pet milijonov evrov javnih sredstev. Za obnovo in nego gozda bo nujno zagotoviti stabilno in fleksibilno financiranje zagotavljanja gozdnega reprodukcijskega materiala ter izvedbo obnove gozda in razvoja panoge. Avtorji poudarjajo tudi pomen sodelovanja in skupnega nastopa različnih deležnikov v celotni verigi gozdnega reprodukcijskega materiala.
Ključne besede: obnova gozdov, podnebne spremembe, družbene spremembe, zakonodaja, strategije, finance, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.01.2024; Ogledov: 815; Prenosov: 249
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Ključne besede: genski viri, drevesne vrste, tehnične smernice, lipa, Tilia platyphyllos, lipovec, Tilia cordata, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.12.2023; Ogledov: 778; Prenosov: 0