71. Eutypella parasitica and other frequently isolated fungi in wood of dead branches of young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in SloveniaAna Brglez, Barbara Piškur, Nikica Ogris, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz is the causative agent of Eutypella canker of maple, a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The fungus E. parasitica infects the trunk through a branch stub or bark wound. Because the fungal community may have an impact on infection and colonization by E. parasitica, the composition of fungi colonizing wood of dead branches of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was investigated in five sampling sites in Slovenia. Forty samples from each sampling site were collected between the November 2017 and March 2018 period. Isolations were made from the wood in the outer part of dead branches and from discoloured wood in the trunk that originated from a dead branch. Pure cultures were divided into morphotypes, and one representative culture per morphotype was selected for further molecular identification. From a total of 2700 cultured subsamples, 1744 fungal cultures were obtained, which were grouped into 212 morphotypes. The investigated samples were colonized by a broad spectrum of fungi. The most frequently isolated species were Eutypa maura (Fr.) Sacc., Eutypa sp. Tul. and C. Tul., Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., Neocucurbitaria acerina Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones and K.D. Hyde and E. parasitica. In this study, we distinguished species diversity and the fungal community. There were no significant differences in the diversity of fungal species between the five sampling sites, and branch thickness did not prove to be a statistically significant factor in fungal species diversity. Nevertheless, relatively low Jaccard similarity index values suggested possible differences in the fungal communities from different sampling sites. This was confirmed by an analysis of similarities, which showed that the isolated fungal community distinctly differed between the five sampling sites and between the different isolation sources. Eutypella parasitica was isolated from all five investigated sampling sites, although Eutypella cankers were observed in only three sampling sites, indicating the possibility of asymptomatic infection.
Ključne besede: fungal composition, invasive species, diversity, fungal communities, molecular identification, frequencies, Jaccard similarity index, Eutypella parasitica, analysis of similarities, colonization
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.05.2020; Ogledov: 2081; Prenosov: 1230
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72. Evaluating WorldClim version 1 (1961-1990) as the baseline for sustainable use of forest and environmental resources in a changing climateMaurizio Marchi, Iztok Sinjur, Michele Bozzano, Marjana Westergren, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: WorldClim version 1 is a high-resolution, global climate gridded dataset covering 1961-1990; a ˝normal˝ climate. It has been widely used for ecological studies thanks to its free availability and global coverage. This study aims to evaluate the quality of WorldClim data by quantifying any discrepancies by comparison with an independent dataset of measured temperature and precipitation records across Europe. BIO1 (mean annual temperature, MAT) and BIO12 (mean total annual precipitation, MAP) were used as proxies to evaluate the spatial accuracy of the WorldClim grids. While good representativeness was detected for MAT, the study demonstrated a bias with respect to MAP. The average difference between WorldClim predictions and climate observations was around +0.2 °C for MAT and -48.7 mm for MAP, with large variability. The regression analysis revealed a good correlation and adequate proportion of explained variance for MAT (adjusted R2 = 0.856) but results for MAP were poor, with just 64% of the variance explained (adjusted R2 = 0.642). Moreover no spatial structure was found across Europe, nor any statistical relationship with elevation, latitude, or longitude, the environmental predictors used to generate climate surfaces. A detectable spatial autocorrelation was only detectable for the two most thoroughly sampled countries (Germany and Sweden). Although further adjustments might be evaluated by means of geostatistical methods (i.e., kriging), the huge environmental variability of the European environment deeply stressed the WorldClim database. Overall, these results show the importance of an adequate spatial structure of meteorological stations as fundamental to improve the reliability of climate surfaces and derived products of the research (i.e., statistical models, future projections).
Ključne besede: spatial analysis, spatial interpolation, geostatistics, ecological mathematics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.02.2020; Ogledov: 1764; Prenosov: 1064
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73. Forewarned is forearmed : harmonized approaches for early detection of potentially invasive pests and pathogens in sentinel plantingsCarmen Morales-Rodríguez, Sten Anslan, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Sylvie Augustin, Yuri Baranchikov, Amani Bellahirech, Daiva Burokiene, Dovile Čepukoit, Ejup Çota, Kateryna Davydenko, Maarten De Groot, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The number of invasive alien pest and pathogen species affecting ecosystem functioning, human health and economies has increased dramatically over the last decades. Discoveries of invasive pests and pathogens previously unknown to science or with unknown host associations yet damaging on novel hosts highlights the necessity of developing novel tools to predict their appearance in hitherto naïve environments. The use of sentinel plant systems is a promising tool to improve the detection of pests and pathogens before introduction and to provide valuable information for the development of preventative measures to minimize economic or environmental impacts. Though sentinel plantings have been established and studied during the last decade, there still remains a great need for guidance on which tools and protocols to put into practice in order to make assessments accurate and reliable. The sampling and diagnostic protocols chosen should enable as much information as possible about potential damaging agents and species identification. Consistency and comparison of results are based on the adoption of common procedures for sampling design and sample processing. In this paper, we suggest harmonized procedures that should be used in sentinel planting surveys for effective sampling and identification of potential pests and pathogens. We also review the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic methods for early detection in sentinel systems, and the feasibility of the results obtained supporting National Plant Protection Organizations in pest and commodity risk analysis.
Ključne besede: alien invasive pests, alien invasive pathogens, commodity risk analysis, early warning, sampling techniques, sentinel plants, pest risk analysis, prediction
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.07.2019; Ogledov: 2320; Prenosov: 1369
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74. Windstorm restoration efficiency using the Kidričevo windstorm (29 June, 2006) as a case studyGoran Paulinič, Janez Krč, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Economic efficiency is one of the many essential demands regarding the technical management of windstorms. The main goal of this paper is to analyze a hypothetical scenario in which a forest owner works independently on windstorm restoration, using his own equipment and work power. Managing windstorm damage is a difficult and dangerous task, although a potentially lucrative endeavour as our investigation shows. A windstorm represents an opportunity for instant profit for forest owners who are independent of regular forest income. Economic damage is greater and longer lasting for owners with large forest properties and for farm households, which depend on regular forest income. We compared two potential scenarios in a wind-damaged area within the 2000-2010 forestry management period. First, we include a hypothetical scenario in which the windstorm did not occur. An inventory of regular thinning as well as simulation of future events based on past dynamics was done. We also performed a second scenario in which we assumed that private owners carry out windstorm restoration alone, although in reality felling has been carried out with short-wood technology (mechanized cutting). The results section presents the possibilities to attain reasonably high yield by dealing with the consequences of a minor windstorm.
Ključne besede: cost analysis, production effects, scenarios, windstorm, storm damage, forest
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 3888; Prenosov: 1822
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75. Use of different growth paramaters of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) to study tree response to climateTom Levanič, Risto Jalkanen, Jožica Gričar, M. Gagen, Primož Oven, 2006, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In the paper, potential analysis of various growth parameters of Norway spruceare introduced at the macro and micro levels. Dendroecological measurements give information as to xylem growth ring widths, their density and content of stable isotopes in the xylem growth rings. Needle trace method of the terminal annual shoot allows retrospective view into needle density ofthe terminal annual shoot and consequently reconstruction of the several parameters linked to the needles and air pollution. Using pinning method, it is possible to follow intra-annual dynamics of the radial growth of trees at the cellular level and furthermore investigate the effect of climatic factorson cambial activity.
Ključne besede: Norway spruce, multiproxy analysis, dendroecology, pinning, needle trace method
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 4354; Prenosov: 1795
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76. Trace elements and nitrogen content in naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme in urban and peri-urban forests of the Municipality of Ljubljana (Slovenia)S. Berisha, Mitja Skudnik, Urša Vilhar, M. Saboljević, Saša Zavadlav, Zvonka Jeran, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: We monitored trace metals and nitrogen using naturally growing moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. in urban and peri-urban forests of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in atmospheric deposition of trace metals and nitrogen between urban and peri-urban forests. Samples were collected at a total of 44 sites in urban forests (forests within the motorway ring road) and peri-urban forests (forests outside the motorway ring road). Mosses collected in urban forests showed increased trace metal concentrations compared to samples collected from peri-urban forests. Higher values were significant for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl and V. Within the motorway ring road, the notable differences in element concentrations between the two urban forests were significant for Cr, Ni and Mo. Factor analysis showed three groups of elements, highlighting the contribution of traffic emissions, individual heating appliances and the resuspension of contaminated soils and dust as the main sources of trace elements in urban forests.
Ključne besede: heavy metals, biomonitoring, Ljubljana, ICP-MS, elemental analysis, factor analysis, traffic emissions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 3147; Prenosov: 1175
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77. Supply and utilization of bioenergy to promote sustainable forest management : annex 9Nike Krajnc, Robert Robek, Mitja Piškur, Jaka Klun, Branko Vodopivec, Robert Mavsar, Robert Krajnc, Mirko Medved, 2005, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: wood biomass, market analysis, institutional aspects, socio-economic aspects, legal aspects
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 2944; Prenosov: 1186
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