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Povzetek: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important pathogen that causes both upper (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. The virus can be implicated in severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, necessitating hospitalization, with certain cases requiring intensive care unit intervention. As part of a retrospective observational study, we aimed to identify indicators of severe hMPV respiratory tract infections in children referred to the University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana and the Department of Infectious Diseases Ljubljana, Slovenia, during a recent outbreak. We analyzed clinical data from November 2022 to January 2023 and compared the characteristics of children presenting with URTIs and LRTIs. We also examined the characteristics of children with hMPV LRTIs, distinguishing between children with and without LRTI-associated hypoxemia. Of 78 hMPV-PCR-positive pediatric patients (mean age 3.1 years; 60.3% boys), 36% had a URTI, and 64% had an LRTI. Hospitalization was required in 64% (50/78), with 42% (21/50) requiring oxygen therapy. LRTI-associated hypoxemia was more common in patients with atopy who showed dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, and wheezing on lung auscultation. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, wheezing detected on lung auscultation was a significant predictive factor for hypoxemic hMPV-LRTI. Specifically, children presenting with wheezing were found to be ten times more likely to experience hypoxemia. Prematurity and chronic conditions did not influence the presentation or severity of hMPV infection. This study highlights wheezing and atopy as crucial indicators of severe hMPV LRTI in children, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention.
Ključne besede: human metapneumovirus, respiratory tract infection, oxygen therapy, wheezing, atopy, asthma, children
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.06.2026; Ogledov: 64; Prenosov: 46
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Ključne besede: malignant spinal cord compression, radiotherapy, prognostic factors, outcome
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.06.2026; Ogledov: 94; Prenosov: 38
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Povzetek: Izsledki raziskave, opravljene leta 2024/25 na izbranem vzorcu študentov univerzitetnih pedagoških programov v Sloveniji, kažejo, da so dejavniki, ki pomembno vplivajo na število prebranih knjig v odraslosti, zlasti branje v družini v otroštvu, izobrazba matere in tudi vključenost v vrtec. Na bralne navade študentov in študentk pomembno vplivata tudi branje iz veselja in motivacija za branje. Podatki ponovljene raziskave 2024/25 so slabši od tistih iz raziskave, ki smo jo opravili leta 2017/18. Študentke in študenti branju tedensko namenjajo manj časa, pogosteje kot leta 2017/18 pa izbirajo manj zahtevna besedila, a preberejo več knjig. Študentke so pri tem učinkovitejše od študentov, a so besedila, ki jih izbirajo, manj zahtevna; študenti pogosteje izbirajo zahtevnejša besedila in pogosteje v njih iščejo odgovore na vprašanja, ki jih zanimajo. Kar 30 % študentov je odgovorilo, da ne berejo, tako je odgovorilo 15 % študentk. Oboje je skrb zbujajoč podatek tudi za izvajalce visokošolskih pedagoških programov.
Ključne besede: bralne navade študentov, branje v družini, motivacija za branje, vključenost v vrtec, branje po spolu
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.05.2026; Ogledov: 156; Prenosov: 91
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Povzetek: Background: Highly effective CFTR modulator therapy, such as elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), has been linked to significant clinical improvements in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). However, its effect on the presence of respiratory pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of younger, mainly non-expectorant children with CF remains poorly understood, especially using lower airway sampling methods. We aimed to investigate changes in lower airway microbiology and clinical outcomes in children with CF aged 6-12 years before and after starting ETI. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational single-centre study including children with CF commencing ETI who had no prior exposure to CFTR modulators, inhaled antibiotics, or prophylactic antibiotics. Lower airway microbiology was assessed longitudinally using sputum or induced sputum (IS). Pathogen prevalence, sweat chloride concentration, pulmonary function, nutritional status, and rate of exacerbations were evaluated before and up to 12 months after ETI initiation. Results: Sixteen pwCF were included (median age 8.4 years, 69 % boys, 75% were F508del homozygous). None of the children was expectorant at any point during the study. Following ETI initiation, we observed decreased growth of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus, reduced variability in fungal populations, and an increase in negative bacterial and fungal culture results. Conclusions: In this exploratory study of young, modulator-naïve children with CF, ETI initiation was associated with changes in the lower airway microbiology composition assessed by IS. These findings highlight potential shifts in lower airway microbiology and the importance of age-appropriate lower airway sampling in future paediatric studies.
Ključne besede: children, cystic fibrosis, elexacaftor/tezacafot/ivacaftor, respiratory pathogens
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.04.2026; Ogledov: 258; Prenosov: 190
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Povzetek: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial, polygenic disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci associated with BMD and/or bone fractures, but functional characterization of these target genes is essential to understand the biological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis. This review focuses on current methodologies and key examples of successful functional studies aimed at evaluating gene function in osteoporosis research. Functional evaluation typically follows a multi-step approach. In silico analyses using omics datasets expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), and DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) help prioritize candidate genes and predict relevant biological pathways. In vitro models, including immortalized bone-derived cell lines and primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are used to explore gene function in osteogenesis. Advanced three-dimensional culture systems provide additional physiological relevance for studying bone-related cellular processes. In situ analyses of patient-derived bone and muscle tissues offer validation in a disease-relevant context, while in vivo studies using mouse and zebrafish models enable comprehensive assessment of gene function in skeletal development and maintenance. Integration of these complementary methodologies helps translate GWAS findings into biological insights and supports the identification of novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
Ključne besede: in silico analyses, omics, MSC, human bone tissue gene expression, gene knockdown
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.04.2026; Ogledov: 186; Prenosov: 124
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