1. The International cookbook for wastewater practitioners : testing wastewater for public health, SARS-CoV-2Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Sara Comero, Daniel A. Deere, Gertjan Medema, Ismahane Remonnay, Jean-François Loret, Ana Maria de Roda Husman, Stephanie Rinck-Pfeiffer, Shelesh Agrawal, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, 2024, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: During the 2020-2023 COVID-19 Global Public Health Emergency of International Concern, rapid progress was made with the application of Wastewater-Based Surveillance (WBS) (also known as Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE)) to provide population-scale evidence of SARS-CoV-2 shedding into wastewater. The information gained was used to help monitor, communicate, and manage the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rapid and significant innovations in the field of WBS were realised in parallel in multiple jurisdictions globally. Global collaboration resulted in step-change improvements in multiple aspects of WBS simultaneously, including: health sector leadership; integration with public health surveillance; social and ethical guidance; high-level tactical wastewater catchment sampling strategies; wastewater sampling techniques; transport and storage of samples; laboratory analysis; normalisation and standardisation; data analysis and interpretation; and communication of results.
Innovations in WBS relating to COVID-19 continue to take place, and the benefits of those improvements are now being applied to other targets, such as other pathogens and genes. There are many journal articles and other publications describing these innovations. However, valuable lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for WBS have not been systematically documented into a practical and readily digestible format.
The purpose of this ‘Cookbook’ is to provide practical and proven ‘recipes’ for WBS for SARS-CoV-2 for two reasons: firstly to help those considering new or extended WBS programmes targeting SARS-CoV-2; and secondly to provide a valuable record of what has been learned from the 2020- 2023 period to help inform WBS programmes to respond to future pandemics and for surveillance of other targets.
The Cookbook is structured into eight parts: 1. Introduction; 2. High-level Overview; 3. Health Sector Perspectives; 4. Methods and Methodologies - From data to action; 5. Methods and Methodologies - Measurement and testing; 6. Methods and Methodologies - Sampling; 6. Methods and Methodologies - Transportation protocols; 8. Conclusions. Multiple authors have contributed to each part, primarily from the European Union, as well as others from the global community of practice.
The Cookbook has been drafted by a global team of authors, with one or more lead authors identified for each chapter and working with their co-authors. The chapters were then subjected to extensive peer review from the external review group. These authors and reviewers are acknowledged in the Cookbook.
Ključne besede: coronavirus disease, disease surveillance, innovation, public health, report, sampling, standardisation, testing, wastewater
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2024; Ogledov: 246; Prenosov: 177
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2. Between source and sea : the role of wastewater treatment in reducing marine microplasticsShirra Freeman, Andy M. Booth, Isam Sabbah, Rachel Tiller, Jan Dierking, Katja Klun, Ana Rotter, Eric Ben David, Jamileh Javidpour, Dror Angel, 2020, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a focal point for the removal of microplastic (MP) particles before they are discharged into aquatic environments. WWTPs are capable of removing substantial quantities of larger MP particles but are inefficient in removing particles with any one dimension of less than 100 μm, with influents and effluents tending to have similar quantities of these smaller particles. As a single WWTP may release >100 billion MP particles annually, collectively WWTPs are significant contributors to the problem of MP pollution of global surface waters. Currently, there are no policies or regulations requiring the removal of MPs during wastewater treatment, but as concern about MP pollution grows, the potential for wastewater technologies to capture particles before they reach surface waters has begun to attract attention. There are promising technologies in various stages of development that may improve the removal of MP particles from wastewater. Better incentivization could speed up the research, development and adoption of innovative practices. This paper describes the current state of knowledge regarding MPs, wastewater and relevant policies that could influence the development and deployment of new technologies within WWTPs. We review existing technologies for capturing very small MP particles and examine new developments that may have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods. The types of collaborations needed to encourage and incentivize innovation within the wastewater sector are also discussed, specifically strong partnerships among scientific and engineering researchers, industry stakeholders, and policy decision makers.
Ključne besede: wastewater, microplastic, particle removal, innovation, policy, jellyfish mucus
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 359; Prenosov: 621
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3. Methacrylate monolith chromatography as a tool for waterborne virus removalNejc Rački, Petra Kramberger, Andrej Steyer, Jernej Gašperšič, Aleš Štrancar, Maja Ravnikar, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Enteric viruses are commonly present in environmental waters and represent the major cause of waterborne infections and outbreaks. Since traditional wastewater treatments fail to remove enteric viruses in the water purification process, they are released daily into environmental waters. Monolithic supports have enabled chromatography to enter the field of virology. They have been successfully used in virus purification and concentration. In this work quaternary amine (QA) methacrylate monoliths were exploited to remove enteric viruses from wastewater treatment plant effluent. Expectedly, chromatographic processing of such a complex medium was troublesome, even for monoliths, characterized by extremely large pore dimensions. This problem was solved by introducing a pre-step chromatography using hydroxyl (OH) methacrylate monoliths. This way, molecules, that would hinder virus binding to the anion-exchanger monolith, were removed. As a result, the OH pre-column reduced backpressure increase on the subsequent anion-exchanger column, and increased both QA column binding capacity and life time. Wastewater effluent samples were successfully purified from five waterborne enteric viruses (rotavirus, norovirus genogroup I and II, astrovirus, sapovirus), below the detection limit of RT-qPCR. The breakthrough of the rotavirus binding capacity was not reached for concentrations that significantly exceeded those expected in effluent waters. The obtained results confirm that methacrylate monoliths can be a valuable tool for simultaneous removal of different waterborne viruses from contaminated water sources.
Ključne besede: monolith chromatography, waterborne, virus, removal, wastewater, qPCR
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.07.2024; Ogledov: 297; Prenosov: 163
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4. Use of hydrodynamic cavitation in (waste)water treatmentMatevž Dular, Tjaša Griessler Bulc, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Ester Heath, Tina Kosjek, Aleksandra Krivograd-Klemenčič, Martina Oder, Martin Petkovšek, Nejc Rački, Maja Ravnikar, Andrej Šarc, Brane Širok, Mojca Zupanc, Miha Žitnik, Boris Kompare, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The use of acoustic cavitation for water and wastewater treatment (cleaning) is a well known procedure. Yet, the use of hydrodynamic cavitation as a sole technique or in combination with other techniques such as ultrasound has only recently been suggested and employed.
In the first part of this paper a general overview of techniques that employ hydrodynamic cavitation for cleaning of water and wastewater is presented.
In the second part of the paper the focus is on our own most recent work using hydrodynamic cavitation for removal of pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, carbamazepine), toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa), green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris), bacteria (Legionella pneumophila) and viruses (Rotavirus) from water and wastewater.
As will be shown, hydrodynamic cavitation, like acoustic, can manifest itself in many different forms each having its own distinctive properties and mechanisms. This was until now neglected, which eventually led to poor performance of the technique. We will show that a different type of hydrodynamic cavitation (different removal mechanism) is required for successful removal of different pollutants.
The path to use hydrodynamic cavitation as a routine water cleaning method is still long, but recent results have already shown great potential for optimisation, which could lead to a low energy tool for water and wastewater cleaning.
Ključne besede: wastewater, cleaning, hydrodynamic cavitation, pharmaceuticals, cyanobacteria, microalgae, viruses, Legionella bacteria
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.07.2024; Ogledov: 277; Prenosov: 149
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5. Viromics and infectivity analysis reveal the release of infective plant viruses from wastewater into the environmentKatarina Bačnik, Denis Kutnjak, Anja Pecman, Nataša Mehle, Magda Tušek-Žnidarič, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Maja Ravnikar, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Viruses represent one of the most important threats to agriculture. Several viral families include highly stable pathogens, which remain infective and can be transported long distances in water. The diversity of plant viruses in wastewater remains understudied; however, their potential impact is increasing with the increased irrigation usage of reclaimed wastewater. To determine the abundance, diversity and biological relevance of plant viruses in wastewater influents and effluents we applied an optimized virus concentration method followed by high-throughput sequencing and infectivity assays. We detected representatives of 47 plant virus species, including emerging crop threats. We also demonstrated infectivity for pathogenic and economically relevant plant viruses from the genus Tobamovirus (family Virgaviridae), which remain infective even after conventional wastewater treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of metagenomics to capture the diversity of plant viruses circulating in the environment and expose the potential risk of the uncontrolled use of reclaimed water for irrigation.
Ključne besede: wastewater, virome, high-throughput sequencing, plant viruses, tobamoviruses, infectivity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 472; Prenosov: 240
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6. Fertilisation with potato starch wastewater effect on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in PolandNella Waszak, Filipe Campelo, Iain Robertson, Radosław Puchałka, Fatima-Zahraa El Balghiti, Jožica Gričar, Ali Boularbah, M. Koprowski, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Fertilisation is often used to increase plant productivity in agriculture but has also been used in forestry. In our study, Scots pine forest growing in a nitrogen-poor environment was fertilised with NPK post-production wastewater from a potato starch factory. Our research aimed to investigate the dependence of tree growth on different NPK concentrations. Cell characteristics such as cell wall thickness (CWT), lumen diameter (LD) and tree-ring features such as ring width (RW), total number of cells in annual growth (nTotal), earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) were investigated. Twenty-six years of regular fertilisation of the forest with different doses of wastewater rich in NPK elements have affected the anatomical structure of Scots pine trees. It is presumed that the reduction in CWT and LD on the fertilised site was due to deficiencies in plant water conductivity, which may have occurred due to physiological drought. The influence of nitrogen on unfertilised site from the wastewater area could contribute to the CWT thickening. The results confirm that the use of NPK in excessive doses is detrimental to trees' conductive system.
Ključne besede: wastewater effluents, forest fertilisation, cell measurements, tree-ring width, wood anatomy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.01.2024; Ogledov: 593; Prenosov: 321
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7. Photo, thermal and photothermal activity of ▫$TiO_2$▫ supported Pt catalysts for plasmon-driven environmental applicationsGregor Žerjav, Zafer Say, Janez Zavašnik, Matjaž Finšgar, Christoph Langhammer, Albin Pintar, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: TiO2+Pt plasmonic solids with 1 wt% Pt and different TiO2 supports (anatase nanoparticles (TNP), polycrystalline nanorods (a-TNR) and single-crystal anatase nanorods (TNR)) were synthesized using the wet impregnation technique and tested as photo, thermal and photothermal catalysts in gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Due to the different charges of the TiO2 support surfaces, Pt particles with different sizes, crystallinities and degrees of interaction with the TiO2 supports were formed during the synthesis. The heights of the Schottky barrier (SBH) were 0.38 eV for the a-TNR+Pt, 0.41 eV for the TNP+Pt, and 0.50 eV for the TNR+Pt samples, respectively. The low visible-light-triggered photocatalytic activity of the TNR+Pt catalyst toward the oxidation of water-dissolved bisphenol A (BPA) is attributed to its high SBH and active site deactivation due to the adsorption of BPA and/or BPA oxidation products. The highest photothermal catalytic H2-assisted NO2 reduction rate was expressed by the TNR+Pt catalyst. This can be ascribed to the presence of a narrow particle size distribution of small Pt particles, the absence of the Pt catalysed reduction of the TNR support at higher temperatures, and the lower rate of re-injection of “hot electrons” from the TNR support to the Pt particles.
Ključne besede: heterogeneous photocatalysis, titanium dioxide, plasmonic noble metal, platinum particles, visible light illumination, Schottky barrier height, bisphenol A, wastewater treatment, NOx abatement, air cleaning, microreactor, thermal catalysis, photothermal catalysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.06.2023; Ogledov: 837; Prenosov: 447
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