Iskanje po repozitoriju

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Ključne besede: koža, rak (medicina), zaščitni ukrepi, dejavniki tveganja, klinična diagnostika, stadij, prognoza, histopatologija, kirurško zdravljenje, radioterapija, sistemsko zdravljenje, sledenje pacientov, prehranska podpora, paliativna oskrba, elektronske knjige
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.08.2026; Ogledov: 21; Prenosov: 13
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Povzetek: Radioterapija predstavlja pomemben del sodobnega onkološkega zdravljenja, vendar pogosto povzroča neželene učinke na koži in sluznicah, med katerimi sta najpogostejša radiodermatitis in radiomukozitis. Namen strokovnih priporočil je poenotiti obravnavo bolnikov, izboljšati prepoznavanje zgodnjih sprememb ter podati priporočila za preprečevanje, ocenjevanje in zdravljenje teh zapletov. Dokument obravnava etiologijo, dejavnike tveganja, klinično sliko in stopnje radiodermatitisa ter radiomukozitisa glede na področje obsevanja. Poseben poudarek je namenjen preventivnim ukrepom, zdravstveni negi, prehranski podpori, obvladovanju bolečine ter multidisciplinarnemu pristopu pri obravnavi bolnikov med in po zdravljenju z radioterapijo. Priporočila so namenjena zdravstvenim delavcem in sodelavcem na vseh ravneh zdravstvenega varstva, ki sodelujejo pri vsakodnevni oskrbi onkoloških bolnikov
Ključne besede: radioterapija, radiodermatitis, radiomukozitis, onkološka zdravstvena nega, neželeni učinki zdravljenja
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.07.2026; Ogledov: 70; Prenosov: 25
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Povzetek: Background: Head and neck paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors that typically originate from the parasympathetic nervous system and are predominantly non-secretory. Their clinical manifestations result from their mass effect on the surrounding tissues. The approach to treating these tumors depends on factors such as their location, size, impact on adjacent structures, and the patient’s overall health and preferences. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of the management of temporal bone paraganglioma classes A and B (according to the modified Fisch classification) was performed at the University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, between 2011 and 2023. (3) Results: We analyzed 23 cases, 19 of which underwent surgery; complete tumor removal was achieved in 18 of them. Four patients were irradiated due to tumor progression to class C. Three of these four patients initially refused surgery and were treated with radiotherapy (RT) 7, 13, and 18 years after diagnosis. In the fourth patient, complete surgical resection was not achieved and she was treated with RT four years after surgery, due to the growth of the tumor to class C. The average follow-up time from diagnosis was 8.9 years (median 6 years; range 1–26 years). (4) Conclusions: The surgical treatment of patients with class A and B paragangliomas is effective and safe. In cases where surgery is refused but the tumor continues to grow to class C, RT is an alternative and efficient method of controlling tumor growth.
Ključne besede: paraganglioma, jugulotympanic, tympanic, treatment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.06.2026; Ogledov: 248; Prenosov: 177
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Ključne besede: phase I clinical trial, phIL12 plasmid, interleukin-12, gene electrotransfer, basal cell carcinoma
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.04.2026; Ogledov: 322; Prenosov: 310
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Povzetek: Pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a significant health concern, with human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) playing a key role in the etiology of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). HPV16-related OPSCC exhibits enhanced radiosensitivity compared to HPV16-unrelated PSCC, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. As HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 are known to interfere with innate immune signaling, we investigated how modulation of cytosolic DNA sensing pathways and innate immune responses changes after irradiation (IR) and whether this contributes to enhanced radiosensitivity in HPV16-related OPSCC. Materials and methods Using HPV16-related and -unrelated PSCC models, we examined baseline expression levels of DNA sensors and cytokines and assessed the effects of IR on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) accumulation, activation of cytosolic DNA sensors, cytokines, and immune cell infiltration both in vitro and in vivo. Analyses were performed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescent staining. Results HPV16-related OPSCC exhibited a distinct baseline expression profile of DNA sensors and cytokines, consistent with suppression of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. While IR-induced activation of DNA sensors was dose- and time-dependent across models, HPV16-related OPSCC showed selective activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and STING without significant cytokine upregulation or immune activation. In contrast, HPV16-related and unrelated PSCCs displayed activation of multiple DNA sensors, increased cytokine expression, and enhanced immune cell infiltration following IR. Conclusions The key finding was that the involvement of cytosolic DNA sensing pathways and innate immune system do not increase radiosensitivity of HPV16-related OPSCC. In PSCC models, DNA sensor and cytokine expression varied depending on IR dose and fractionation.
Ključne besede: human papillomavirus, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, radiosensitivity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.01.2026; Ogledov: 445; Prenosov: 208
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