1. Between source and sea : the role of wastewater treatment in reducing marine microplasticsShirra Freeman, Andy M. Booth, Isam Sabbah, Rachel Tiller, Jan Dierking, Katja Klun, Ana Rotter, Eric Ben David, Jamileh Javidpour, Dror Angel, 2020, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a focal point for the removal of microplastic (MP) particles before they are discharged into aquatic environments. WWTPs are capable of removing substantial quantities of larger MP particles but are inefficient in removing particles with any one dimension of less than 100 μm, with influents and effluents tending to have similar quantities of these smaller particles. As a single WWTP may release >100 billion MP particles annually, collectively WWTPs are significant contributors to the problem of MP pollution of global surface waters. Currently, there are no policies or regulations requiring the removal of MPs during wastewater treatment, but as concern about MP pollution grows, the potential for wastewater technologies to capture particles before they reach surface waters has begun to attract attention. There are promising technologies in various stages of development that may improve the removal of MP particles from wastewater. Better incentivization could speed up the research, development and adoption of innovative practices. This paper describes the current state of knowledge regarding MPs, wastewater and relevant policies that could influence the development and deployment of new technologies within WWTPs. We review existing technologies for capturing very small MP particles and examine new developments that may have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods. The types of collaborations needed to encourage and incentivize innovation within the wastewater sector are also discussed, specifically strong partnerships among scientific and engineering researchers, industry stakeholders, and policy decision makers.
Ključne besede: wastewater, microplastic, particle removal, innovation, policy, jellyfish mucus
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 48; Prenosov: 38
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2. A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmlandLorna J. Cole, David Kleijn, Lynn Dicks, Jane C. Stout, Simon G. Potts, Matthias Albrecht, Mario V. Balzan, Ignasi Bartomeus, Penelope J. Bebeli, Danilo Bevk, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Robert Chlebo, Anželika Dautarte, Nikolaos Emmanouil, Chris Hartfield, John M. Holland, Andrea Holzschuh, Nieke T. J. Knoben, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Yael Mandelik, Heleni Panou, Robert J. Paxton, Theodora Petanidou, Miguel A.A. Pinheiro de Carvalho, Maj Rundlöf, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Menelaos C. Stavrinides, Maria Jose Suso, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Bernard E. Vaissière, Androulla Varnava, Vilà Montserrat, Romualdas Zemeckis, Jeroen Scheper, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high-quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform the post-2020 CAP, we performed a European-scale evaluation to determine how different EFA options vary in their potential to support insect pollinators under standard and pollinator-friendly management, as well as the extent of farmer uptake.
A structured Delphi elicitation process engaged 22 experts from 18 European countries to evaluate EFAs options. By considering life cycle requirements of key pollinating taxa (i.e. bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies), each option was evaluated for its potential to provide forage, bee nesting sites and hoverfly larval resources.
EFA options varied substantially in the resources they were perceived to provide and their effectiveness varied geographically and temporally. For example, field margins provide relatively good forage throughout the season in Southern and Eastern Europe but lacked early-season forage in Northern and Western Europe. Under standard management, no single EFA option achieved high scores across resource categories and a scarcity of late season forage was perceived.
Experts identified substantial opportunities to improve habitat quality by adopting pollinator-friendly management. Improving management alone was, however, unlikely to ensure that all pollinator resource requirements were met. Our analyses suggest that a combination of poor management, differences in the inherent pollinator habitat quality and uptake bias towards catch crops and nitrogen-fixing crops severely limit the potential of EFAs to support pollinators in European agricultural landscapes.
Policy Implications. To conserve pollinators and help protect pollination services, our expert elicitation highlights the need to create a variety of interconnected, well-managed habitats that complement each other in the resources they offer. To achieve this the Common Agricultural Policy post-2020 should take a holistic view to implementation that integrates the different delivery vehicles aimed at protecting biodiversity (e.g. enhanced conditionality, eco-schemes and agri-environment and climate measures). To improve habitat quality we recommend an effective monitoring framework with target-orientated indicators and to facilitate the spatial targeting of options collaboration between land managers should be incentivised.
Ključne besede: agri-environment schemes, bees, CAP Green Architecture, Common Agricultural Policy, Ecological Focus Areas, habitat complementarity, pollination services, pollinator conservation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Ogledov: 119; Prenosov: 192
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3. Risk perception associated with an emerging agri-food risk in Europe : plant viruses in agricultureJohny Hilaire, Sophie Tindale, Glyn Jones, Gabriela Pingarron-Cardenas, Katarina Bačnik, Mercy Ojo, Lynn J. Frewer, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background
Research into public risk perceptions associated with emerging risks in agriculture and supply chains has focused on technological risks, zoonotic diseases, and food integrity, but infrequently on naturally occurring diseases in plants. Plant virus infections account for global economic losses estimated at $30 billion annually and are responsible for nearly 50% of plant diseases worldwide, threatening global food security. This research aimed to understand public perceptions of emerging risks and benefits associated with plant viruses in agriculture in Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK.
Methods
Online qualitative semi-structured interviews with 80 European consumers were conducted, including 20 participants in each of Belgium, Slovenia, the UK, and Spain. Microsoft Streams was used to transcribe the interview data, and NVivo was utilized to code the transcripts and analyze the data.
Results
The results indicate that, while study participants were relatively unfamiliar with the plant viruses and their potential impacts, plant viruses evoked perceived risks in a similar way to other emerging risks in the agri-food sector. These included risks to environment and human health, and the economic functioning of the relevant supply chain. Some participants perceived both risks and benefits to be associated with plant viruses. Benefits were perceived to be associated with improved plant resistance to viruses.
Conclusions
The results provide the basis for risk regulation, policy, and communication developments. Risk communication needs to take account of both risk and benefit perceptions, as well as the observation that plant viruses are perceived as an emerging, rather than an established, understood, and controlled risk. Some participants indicated the need for risk–benefit communication strategies to be developed, including information about the impacts of the risks, and associated mitigation strategies. Participants perceived that responsibility for control of plant viruses should be conferred on actors within the supply chain, in particular primary producers, although policy support (for example, financial incentivization) should be provided to improve their motivation to instigate risk mitigation activities.
Ključne besede: consumer, disease, food security, supply chain, policy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Ogledov: 129; Prenosov: 81
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4. European genetic resources conservation in a rapidly changing world : three existential challenges for the crop, forest and animal domains in the 21st centuryFrançois Lefévre, Danijela Bojkovski, Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat, Michele Bozzano, Eléonore Charvolin-Lemaire, Sipke Joost Hiemstra, Hojka Kraigher, Denis Laloë, Gwendal Restoux, Suzanne Sharrock, Enrico Sturaro, Theo J. L. van Hintum, Marjana Westergren, Nigel Maxted, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Even though genetic resources represent a fundamental reservoir of options to achieve sustainable development goals in a changing world, they are overlooked in the policy agenda and severely threatened. The conservation of genetic resources relies on complementary in situ and ex situ approaches appropriately designed for each type of organism. Environmental and socioeconomic changes raise new challenges and opportunities for sustainable use and conservation of genetic resources. Aiming at a more integrated and adaptive approach, European scientists and genetic resources managers with long experience in the agricultural crop, animal and forestry domains joined their expertise to address three critical challenges: (1) how to adapt genetic resources conservation strategies to climate change, (2) how to promote in situ conservation strategies and (3) how can genetic resources conservation contribute to and benefit from agroecological systems. We present here 31 evidence-based statements and 88 key recommendations elaborated around these questions for policymakers, conservation actors and the scientific community. We anticipate that stakeholders in other genetic resources domains and biodiversity conservation actors across the globe will have interest in these crosscutting and multi-actor recommendations, which support several biodiversity conservation policies and practices.
Ključne besede: agroecology, climate change, in situ conservation, multi-actor engagement, policy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.03.2024; Ogledov: 405; Prenosov: 186
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9. Forest genetic resources and forest reproductive material at the crosssection of multiple policy domains in EuropeTodora Rogelja, Laura Secco, Aurelio Padovezi, Davide Pettenella, Mauro Masiero, Elena Pisani, Jacopo Giacomoni, Riccardo Da Re, Sofia Caiolo, Marko Lovrić, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Michele Bozzano, François Lefèvre, Bruno Fady, Aurore Desgroux, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Ulla Ovaska, Mari Rusanen, Egbert Beuker, Katriina Soini, Anže Japelj, Konrad Heino, Martin Braun, Erik Dahl Kjær, Jon Kehlet Hansen, Georgeta Mihai, Alin Alexandru, Ecaterina-Nicoleta Apostol, Alicia Fernandez Calvo, Laura Maria Luquero Ramos, Mariano Navarro De La Cruz, Giovanna Ottaviani Aalmo, Bent Leonhard, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Ključne besede: forest genetic diversity, forest biodiversity, sustainable forest management, policy gap analysis, forest genetic resources, forest reproductive material
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.10.2023; Ogledov: 664; Prenosov: 200
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10. Impacts of Nature and landscape protection Act on forest management in SlovakiaKlára Báliková, Michaela Korená Hillayová, Daniel Halaj, Alex Bumbera, Peter Kicko, Jaroslav Šálka, 2023, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Ključne besede: forest policy, nature protection, cross-sectoral impacts, compensation payments
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.10.2023; Ogledov: 628; Prenosov: 174
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