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Povzetek: The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of developing antiviral surface coatings that are capable of repelling pathogens and neutralizing them through self-sanitizing properties. In this study, a novel coating design based on few-layer graphene (FLG) is proposed and silver-decorated micro copper flakes (CuMF) that exhibit both antibacterial and antiviral properties. The role of sacrificial anode surfaces and intrinsic graphene defects in enhancing the release of metal ions from CuMF embedded in water-based binders is investigated. In silico analysis is conducted to better understand the molecular interactions of pathogen-repelling species with bacterial or bacteriophage proteins. The results show that the optimal amount of CuMF/FLG in the coating leads to a significant reduction in bacterial growth, with reductions of 3.17 and 9.81 log for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The same coating also showed high antiviral efficacy, reducing bacteriophage phi6 by 5.53 log. The antiviral efficiency of the coating is find to be doubled compared to either micro copper flakes or few-layer graphene alone. This novel coating design is versatile and can be applied to various substrates, such as personal protective clothing and face masks, to provide biocidal activity against both bacterial and viral pathogens.
Ključne besede: antibacterial, antiviral, copper micro flakes, few-layer graphene, pathogen-repelling coating
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.12.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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Povzetek: We consider the following two algorithmic problems: given a graph $G$ and a subgraph $H\subseteq G$, decide whether $H$ is an isometric or a geodesically convex subgraph of $G$. It is relatively easy to see that the problems can be solved by computing the distances between all pairs of vertices. We provide a conditional lower bound showing that, for sparse graphs with $n$ vertices and $\Theta(n)$ edges, we cannot expect to solve the problem in $O(n^{2-\varepsilon})$ time for any constant $\varepsilon>0$. We also show that the problem can be solved in subquadratic time for planar graphs and in near-linear time for graphs of bounded treewidth. Finally, we provide a near-linear time algorithm for the setting where $G$ is a plane graph and $H$ is defined by a few cycles in $G$.
Ključne besede: convex subgraphs, isometric subgraphs, plane graphs
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.12.2025; Ogledov: 1; Prenosov: 0
Celotno besedilo (1,08 MB)
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Povzetek: The demand for alternative energy sources from non-recyclable waste materials will be a hot research topic in future industries. This interest is primarily due to the ability to harness energy from waste materials, the provision of localized power solutions, and the promotion of efficient power conversation. In this respect, Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) represent new energy sources possessing unique qualities for many applications. MFC generates power by utilising exoelectrogens forming the biofilm on the surface of the anode. Since in the MFC, wastewater is primarily converted into protons and electrons at the anode surface, where biofilms typically develop, the anode becomes the most vital component. Consequently, significant research has been conducted on anode material to improve MFC performance. The present review focuses on different aspects of the MFC, including a comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the field of MFCs, including a state-of-the-art literature review based on a bibliometric analysis using keywords, a description of the mechanism and operational principle of MFC, applications and a summary of current research perspectives including the use of carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, MXene, and their nanocomposites as anode materials with stable power density performance. Lastly, we present the challenges and future perspectives regarding the continued development of MFC anode materials, culminating in overall conclusions related to MFC research.
Ključne besede: microbial fuel cells, 2D nanomaterial, power density, nanocomposite, Anode
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.12.2025; Ogledov: 2; Prenosov: 1
Celotno besedilo (13,94 MB)
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Povzetek: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, necessitating the development of new medicines. In this investigation, we identified potential natural flavonoids and compared their inhibitory activity against spike glycoprotein, which is a target of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. The target site for the interaction of new inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 has 82% sequence identity and the remaining 18% dissimilarities in RBD S1-subunit, S2-subunit, and 2.5% others. Molecular docking was employed to analyse the various binding processes used by each ligand in a library of 85 natural flavonoids that act as anti-viral medications and FDA authorised treatments for COVID-19. In the binding pocket of the target active site, remdesivir has less binding interaction than pectolinarin, according to the docking analysis. Pectolinarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Cirsiumsetidensas that has anti-cancer, vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. The S-glycoprotein RBD region (330–583) is inhibited by kaempferol, rhoifolin, and herbacetin, but the S2 subunit (686–1270) is inhibited by pectolinarin, morin, and remdesivir. MD simulation analysis of S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 with pectolinarin complex at 100ns based on high dock-score. Finally, ADMET analysis was used to validate the proposed compounds with the highest binding energy.
Ključne besede: coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, S-glycoproteins, computational analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.12.2025; Ogledov: 3; Prenosov: 4
Celotno besedilo (5,57 MB)
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Povzetek: The aggrandised advancement in utility of advanced day-to-day materials and nanomaterials has raised serious concern on their biocompatibility with human and other biotic members. In last few decades, understanding of toxicity of these materials has been given the centre stage of research using many in vitro and in vivo models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish and a member of the minnow family has garnered much attention due to its distinct features, which make it an important and frequently used animal model in various fields of embryology and toxicological studies. Given that fertilization and development of zebrafish eggs take place externally, they serve as an excellent model organism for studying early developmental stages. Moreover, zebrafish possess a comparable genetic composition to humans and share almost 70% of their genes with mammals. This particular model organism has become increasingly popular, especially for developmental research. Moreover, it serves as a link between in vitro studies and in vivo analysis in mammals. It is an appealing choice for vertebrate research, when employing high-throughput methods, due to their small size, swift development, and relatively affordable laboratory setup. This small vertebrate has enhanced comprehension of pathobiology and drug toxicity. This review emphasizes on the recent developments in toxicity screening and assays, and the new insights gained about the toxicity of drugs through these assays. Specifically, the cardio, neural, and, hepatic toxicology studies inferred by applications of nanoparticles have been highlighted.
Ključne besede: zebrafish, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicty, drug screening
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.12.2025; Ogledov: 1; Prenosov: 1
Celotno besedilo (22,74 MB)
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