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Povzetek: Background and aims: Sex differences in cholesterol levels are well documented in adults and adolescents, but limited data exist for prepubertal children. This study aimed to evaluate innate sex differences in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels among prepubertal children, both in the general population and among those with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from Slovenia’s Universal FH Screening Program. Two populationbased random samples of children undergoing routine cholesterol screening at age 5 years were included from 2014 (N = 3412) and 2023 (N = 4182). In addition, a referred cohort from the Slovenian Hypercholesterolemia Registry (n = 1160, aged <10 years) who underwent genetic testing was analyzed. Results: In both the 2014 and 2023 cohorts, girls had significantly higher TC levels than boys (median difference: 0.10–0.11 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Among FH-negative children in the Registry, girls had on average 0.14 mmol/L higher TC and 0.13 mmol/L higher LDL-C than boys (both p < 0.05). No sex differences were observed in FHpositive children (p = 0.83 for TC; p = 0.82 for LDL-C). In the overall Registry cohort, after adjusting for FH status, girls had 0.11 mmol/L higher TC and 0.10 mmol/L higher LDL-C (both p < 0.05). Conclusion: Prepubertal girls have modestly higher TC and LDL-C than boys, a difference not observed in prepubertal FH-positive children, suggesting that the presence of a pathogenic FH variant may override innate physiological differences in lipid metabolism. These findings support universal early cholesterol screening and suggest that sex-specific reference values may improve early cardiovascular risk assessment in prepubertal FHnegative children.
Ključne besede: sex differences, prepubertal children, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, familial hypercholesterolemia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Ogledov: 159; Prenosov: 80
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Povzetek: Determining the lithostratigraphic provenance of limestone artefacts is challenging. We addressed the issue by analysing Roman stone artefacts, where previously traditionalpetrological methods failed to identify the provenance of 72% of the products due to the predominance of micrite limestone. We applied statistical classification methods to 15 artefacts using linear discriminant analysis, decision trees, random forest, and support vector machines. The latter achieved the highest accuracy, with 73% of the samples classified to the same stratigraphic member as determined by the expert. We improved classification reliability and evaluated it by aggregating the results of different classifiers for each stone product. Combining aggregated results with additional evidence from paleontological data or precise optical microscopy leads to successful provenance determination. After a few samples were reassigned in this procedure, a support vector machine correctly classified 87% of the samples. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) proved particularly effective as provenance indicators. We successfully assigned all stone products to local sources across four lithostratigraphic members, thereby confirming local patterns of stone use by Romans. We provide guidance for future use of statistical learning in provenance determination. Our integrated approach, combining geological and statistical expertise, provides a robust framework for challenging provenance determination.
Ključne besede: antiquity, micrite limestone, machine learning, statistics, R, regio X, artefacts, Ig area
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Ogledov: 124; Prenosov: 34
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Povzetek: The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is an important part of the roadmap for reducing CO2 emissions and extending the service life of reinforced concrete structures. To accelerate the adoption of SCMs, the RILEM Technical Committee 298-EBD evaluates scaled-down cement paste test methods to assess the effect of SCM on resistance to chloride and sulfate ingress and reactivity, which are critical to concrete durability. This review focuses on methods for measuring chloride diffusivity and is divided into four sections: diffusivity models and parameters, diffusion test methods (including NMR and chloride measurements), migration test methods and implications for future research. Key insights highlight the complexities of multi-species ionic and molecular diffusion/migration, including various binding interactions, and compares the different measurement methodologies. The review also addresses the test scale and aggregate effects, noting the pros and cons of testing at the paste, mortar, and concrete scales. The review underscores the need for further investigation into testing protocols and the influence of SCM on chloride diffusion, emphasizing that comprehensive testing across different scales provides complementary information for assessing durability performance.
Ključne besede: cements, chloride, SCMs
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Ogledov: 113; Prenosov: 52
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Ključne besede: research data
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Ogledov: 192; Prenosov: 0
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Povzetek: This paper introduces a uniform evaluation framework for assessing the effectiveness of past non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in managing infectious diseases, taking into account the cultural and social differences between countries. The framework enables quantifying and finding the optimal balance of both the health and socioeconomic impacts of NPIs. The aim is to assist policymakers in understanding which NPIs lead to the optimal balance by highlighting unnecessary costs - the costs that could be avoided while maintaining the same infection rates. To assess the extent of unnecessary socioeconomic consequences experienced by a country during a past epidemic of infectious diseases, we use the following approach. First, we develop a model that predicts the number of infections from NPIs in a country. Second, we estimate the socioeconomic costs (SEC) of the NPIs universally for countries included in the study. Third, we develop a model that prescribes the NPI plans with the optimal trade-off between the number of infections and the SEC. Fourth, we create a model that specifically adjusts each country’s SEC. Finally, we provide additional analysis to increase comprehension of the effects of NPIs. Demonstrated through an analysis of COVID-19 pandemic responses in 17 countries, the study offers a systematic presentation of the framework and a concrete examination of the integrated effects of NPIs. It provides insights into interventions’ direct and indirect consequences, offering guidance for future epidemic responses. The framework enables a systematic understanding of the effects of the NPIs applied, acknowledging the national diversity in health measure acceptance and implementation. This allows for fair analysis across countries, identifying and displaying the economic, social, and health-related costs of suboptimal NPI strategies, i.e., unnecessary costs. The framework is applicable for any infectious disease, NPIs, or country, assuming the medical interventions are similar, e.g., timing and amount of vaccination
Ključne besede: Bombus dahlbomii, Patagonian bumblebee, invasive species, population dynamics, socioeconomic consequences, infectious diseases
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.11.2025; Ogledov: 160; Prenosov: 90
Celotno besedilo (10,29 MB)
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