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Povzetek: The use of modern irrigation systems and monitoring of soil water status can help improve crop performance and water use efficiency. The influence of different irrigation treatments on soil water content dynamics and olive oil yield was studied over two growing seasons using a surface drip irrigation system in an olive grove in northern Mediterranean climate. Irrigation treatments included optimal irrigation, sustained deficit irrigation (33 % of optimal irrigation), and rainfed treatment. Based on the water applied, we calculated the percentage of replenished estimated evapotranspiration (ETc*) for each treatment using the Penman-Monteith method. Soil water content dynamics were monitored with capacitive probes at five depths (10 to 50 cm). The increase in soil water content at a depth of 30 to 50 cm, which was only achieved with optimal irrigation, resulted in a significantly higher olive oil yield. In contrast, deficit irrigation, despite the addition of water, did not lead to an increase in soil water in the layers below 30 cm, so that the yield was equal to that of rainfed treatment. In irrigated olive groves, it is beneficial to monitor the water content of the soil at several depths to ensure that a sufficient amount of water has been applied.Uporaba sodobnih namakalnih sistemov ter spremljanje stanja vode v tleh lahko pripomore k izboljšanju učinkovitosti rastlinske pridelave in rabe vode. Vpliv različnih načinov namakanja na dinamiko vsebnosti vode v tleh in pri-delek oljčnega olja smo preučevali v dveh rastnih dobah z upo-rabo površinskega kapljičnega namakalnega sistema v oljčnem nasadu v severnem sredozemskem podnebju. Obravnavanja so vključevala optimalno namakanje, trajno namakanje s priman-jkljajem (33 % optimalnega namakanja) in brez namakanja. Na podlagi porabljene vode smo z uporabo metode Penman-Mon-teith izračunali odstotek nadomeščene ocenjene evapotranspi-racije (ETc*) za vsako obravnavo. Dinamiko vsebnosti vode v tleh smo spremljali s kapacitivnimi merilniki na petih globinah (od 10 do 50 cm). Povečanje vsebnosti vode v tleh na globini od 30 do 50 cm, ki je bilo doseženo le z optimalnim namakanjem, je povzročilo večji pridelek oljčnega olja. Nasprotno pa se pri namakanju s primanjkljajem kljub dodajanju vode ni povečala količina vode v tleh v plasteh pod 30 cm, zato je bil pridelek enak pridelku brez namakanja. V namakanih oljčnih nasadih je koristno spremljati vsebnost vode v tleh na več globinah, da se zagotovi, da je bila priskrbljena zadostna količina vode
Ključne besede: diviner, evapotranspiration, irrigation management, olive, soil depths, volumetric soil water content
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 31; Prenosov: 19
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Povzetek: An asphalt layer consists of stone aggregates, binder and air voids. The content of air voids (Vmin and Vmax), the voids filled with bitumen (VFBmin and VFBmax), the content of air voids in stone aggregates (VMAmin and VMAmax) and volume content of bitumen (VBmin) should be determined for each type of asphalt mixture. The volumetric properties of asphalt layer listed above are important parameters for assessing the properties of asphalt and are usually first presented in the requirements for produced asphalt mixtures and built in asphalt layers. Visualization of volumetric properties is important for understanding the composition of the produced asphalt mixture. The most appropriate is a triangular representation of the volumetric requirements for three main components of asphalt layer (stone, bitumen and air).
Ključne besede: volumetric representation, asphalt mixture, void content, voids in aggregate
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.02.2024; Ogledov: 264; Prenosov: 118
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Povzetek: Tuber borchii forms ectomycorrhiza with oaks, hazel, and pines, including Pinus sylvestris. However, its ectomycorrhiza morphotype with P. sylvestris was not comprehensively described so far, and molecular analyses are missing despite a high danger of misidentification of T. borchii ectomycorrhiza with other closely related and less valuable truffle species. We described for the first time the morphology and anatomy of T. borchii-P. sylvestris ectomycorrhiza using differential interference contrast technique and semi-thin sections in combination with molecular confirmation of identity. Color of ectomycorrhiza is reddish to dark brown, and morphotypes are unevenly but densely covered by warts-bearing pin-like cystidia. All layers of the hyphal mantle are pseudoparenchymatous with outer mantle layer formed of epidermoid cells. T. borchii ectomycorrhiza was identified by a molecular comparison with fruitbodies used for inoculation and its respective ectomycorrhizae. T. borchii has a wide ecological amplitude. To get a better insight in mycorrhization requirements, we investigated growth of P. sylvestris and its ectomycorrhiza infection rate with T. borchii in substrate with different lime content. The mycorrhization of P. sylvestris with T. borchii in the mycorrhization substrate and cultivation in greenhouse conditions was successful, with colonization of P. sylvestris varying between 36.5 and 48.1%. There was no significant correlation of mycorrhization to applied lime contents, and consequently to pH in substrate, while the increased levels of lime improved growth of the P. sylvestris seedlings.
Ključne besede: root anatomy, ectomycorrhiza, Limestone content, molecular identification, Pinus sylvestris, Tuber borchii
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2024; Ogledov: 544; Prenosov: 332
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Povzetek: The importance of thermal modification is increasing worldwide. Increased use of thermally modified timber (TMT) has resulted in a need for reliable quality control, comprising control of variation of the production within defined limits, allowing third-party control in the case of certification and the regulation of customer complaints and claims. Techniques are thus needed to characterise the modification of quality in terms of improved target properties of TMT during industrial production, and of TMT products that have been in service for an arbitrary time. In this study, we aimed to utilise dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) for this purpose. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) samples were thermally modified at different temperatures according to different heat treatment techniques: (1) the Silvapro process based on an initial vacuum; (2) an air heat treatment, whereby samples were wrapped in aluminium foil; (3) thermal modification of wood samples in the ambient atmosphere in a laboratory oven. Wood samples from closed processes were analysed for validation. TMT was characterised with respect to mass loss, colour and density. Mass loss of wood due to modification (MLTM) was correlated with factors derived from DVS analysis. The present DVS measurements suggest that the equilibrium wood moisture content (EMC95% RH), the time to reach 10% wood moisture content (t10% MC), and the elongation factor, c, derived from a logarithmic function, can serve as alternative parameters to characterise the quality of several thermal modification processes. Further studies are recommended using other wood species, different modification processes and further parameters gained from DVS measurements to understand the robustness and the predictive power of the applied technique
Ključne besede: thermal modification, quality control, dynamic vapour sorption, wood, moisture content
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.08.2023; Ogledov: 455; Prenosov: 207
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Ključne besede: frost rings, sugar, sorbitol, phenolic content
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.09.2022; Ogledov: 722; Prenosov: 389
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