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12. Hybrid nanostructures of ▫$Fe_3O_4$▫ and Au prepared via coprecipitation and ultrasonic spray pyrolysisLan Kresnik, Peter Majerič, Darja Feizpour, Klementina Pušnik Črešnar, Rebeka Rudolf, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The coupled processes of coprecipitation and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) were used to synthesize Fe3O4-Au hybrid nanostructures. The first coprecipitation method enabled the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by mixing iron salts’ ions (Fe2+ and Fe3+) and ammonia as the base, and USP was used as the coating process of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Au. The formatted hybrid nanostructures consist of Fe3O4 nanoparticles that have Au on their surface in the form of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs have a crystalline structure and range in size from 10 to 200 nm. Additional characterization techniques, including ICP-OES, TEM, SEM, EDS, DLS, zeta potential, and room temperature magnetic hysteresis loops, were used to determine the chemical, physical, and magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and hybrid nanostructures. It was found that USP produces separate AuNPs too (not just on the Fe3O4 surface), suggesting a bimodal formation of AuNPs. The zeta potential of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed poor stability (−15 mV), indicating a high tendency to aggregate, and the zeta potential of the hybrid nanostructures was also very low (≅0), which, comparatively means even worse stability. The saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 35 emu/g, which is relatively lower than that of bulk Fe3O4, while the saturation magnetization of the hybrid nanostructures was significantly lower (0.1 emu/g) compared to the Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
Ključne besede: magnetic NPs, gold NPs, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic properties
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.01.2025; Ogledov: 22; Prenosov: 8
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13. Effects of alpha-cypermethrin and difenoconazole on survival, growth and biomarkers in European green toad tadpoles (Bufotes viridis, Laurenti 1768)Bruno Bekić, Anamarija Žagar, Tatjana Simčič, Branimir Hackenberger Kutuzović, Olga Jovanović Glavaš, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In recent decades, the decline of amphibian populations has become more pronounced and accelerated, with one of the contributing factors being the excessive use of pesticides. Alpha-cypermethrin, an insecticide, and difenoconazole, a fungicide, are widely employed pesticides globally. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the acute impact of these two pesticides on amphibians, we used European green toad (Bufotes viridis) tadpoles as our model organisms. We assessed mortality and mass as apical endpoints, and examined physiological biomarkers including electron transport system (ETS) activity, catalase activity, and carbonyl protein content. Tadpoles were exposed to varying concentrations of the two pesticides for 48 hours (0.2-10 µg/L for alpha-cypermethrin; 10-100 µg/L for difenoconazole). Our results indicate that the exposure of tadpoles to these pesticides significantly affected their physiology. Mortality was observed exclusively in tadpoles treated with difenoconazole (LC50 = 100.832 µg/L), while a decrease in mass occurred in tadpoles exposed to both pesticides. No significant differences across treatments were found for total ETS activity, catalase activity, or the presence of protein carbonyls. In conclusion, our findings suggest that alpha-cypermethrin at environmentally relevant concentrations poses a risk to European green toad tadpoles, while the effects of difenoconazole are become patent at higher concentrations than those recorded in natural aquatic environments.
Ključne besede: amphibia, electron transport system, pesticide exposure, toxicology, zoology, ecology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 31; Prenosov: 11
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14. Acute myotonometric changes in the masseter and upper trapezius muscles after upper body quarter stretching and coordination exercises or chewingMarša Magdič, Miloš Kalc, Matjaž Vogrin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Pathologies in neck and masticatory muscles affect muscle tone and biomechanical and viscoelastic properties, necessitating precise assessment for treatment. This study evaluated the impact of two guided interventions—relaxing exercises targeting the neck and masticatory muscles (“Exercise”) and heavy chewing using six chewing gums (“Chewing”)—on the masseter and upper trapezius muscles. Twelve participants (aged 19–40 years) underwent myotonometric assessment pre- and post-intervention, measuring tone, stiffness, decrement, relaxation time, and creep. The results showed significant changes in the masseter muscle after exercise, with increased stiffness (14.46%, p < 0.001) and tone (7.03%, p < 0.001) but decreased creep (−9.71%, p < 0.001) and relaxation time (−11.36%, p < 0.001). Conversely, chewing decreased stiffness (−8.82%, p < 0.001) and tone (−5.53%, p < 0.001), while it increased creep (9.68%, p < 0.001) and relaxation time (9.98%, p < 0.001). In the trapezius muscles, tone decreased after both interventions (Exercise: −7.65%, p < 0.001; Chewing: −1.06%, p = 0.003), while relaxation increased (Exercise: 1.78%, p < 0.001; Chewing: 2.82%, p < 0.001). These findings reveal the distinct effects of exercise and chewing on muscle properties, emphasising the complexity of their therapeutic potential and the need for further investigation.
Ključne besede: muscle tonus, relaxation, masseter muscle, trapezius muscle, intervention studies
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 36; Prenosov: 14
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15. The transformative potential of the EU’s Nature Restoration LawJerneja Penca, Mihnea Tănăsescu, 2024, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Restoration of nature is spreading as a practice and policy approach. The European Union (EU) has not only promoted restoration, but made it an obligation with the Nature Restoration Law. This Comment evaluates the law for its potential to achieve the needed transformation. The law is not inherently disruptive of established approaches to nature conservation that have largely failed to stop nature’s decline. However, its interpretation and implementation can become transformative by tackling root causes of nature’s decline, advancing the restoration of human relationships with nature, and incorporating democratic participation and justice. We hope to inform how legal restoration targets can be translated into concrete actions by countries within and beyond the EU.
Ključne besede: biodiversity loss, ecological restoration, causes of nature's decline, human-nature relation, participation and justice, EU environmental policy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 46; Prenosov: 14
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16. Probing sodium structures and dynamics in hard carbon for Na-ion batteries using ▫$^{23}$▫Na operando solid-state NMR spectroscopyMatej Gabrijelčič, Blaž Tratnik, Gregor Kapun, Elena Tchernychova, Nataša Zabukovec Logar, Andraž Krajnc, Robert Dominko, Alen Vižintin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 56; Prenosov: 20
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18. Interpersonal relationships as coping mechanisms during bed rest : a thematic synthesis literature reviewAna Cikač, Saša Pišot, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Bed rest (BR) studies are primarily designed to investigate the effects of weightlessness on the human body, but they are also used to study the effects of physical inactivity. For this purpose, participants are typically recruited from the general population without requiring specialized training, which contrasts with the selection process for cosmonauts. The BR study environment is often characterized as highly stressful, highlighting the importance of understanding coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies among participants, as well as the role of their daily interactions. This review aims to determine whether interpersonal relationships and the concept of social connectedness (SC) have been explored within the context of BR studies. For the search strategy, the definition of exclusion criteria, and the initial screening, PRISMA 2020 statement was followed. The PEO framework was used to generate keywords, and thematic synthesis was applied for data extraction, analysis, and synthesis. An initial search did not uncover any studies examining the concept of SC in the context of BR as an environment with extreme conditions, suggesting that SC in this context has not yet been investigated. While findings of thematic synthesis indicate that interpersonal relationships play a significant role in coping with and adapting to the extreme conditions of BR studies. As results showed these relationships can have both positive and negative effects. Interpersonal relationships also serve as a crucial support mechanism among participants. Additionally, how participants make sense of their involvement in such studies remains underexplored, and further research in this area is recommended in the discussion.
Ključne besede: bed rest, social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, coping mechanisms, thematic synthesis, literature review, social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, coping mechanisms, thematic synthesis, literature review
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 42; Prenosov: 13
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