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15. Insights into diversity, host-range, and temporal stability of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola prophagesNejc Stopnišek, Stina Hedžet, Tomaž Accetto, Maja Rupnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background Phages are critical components of the gut microbiome, influencing bacterial composition and function as predators, parasites, and modulators of bacterial phenotypes. Prophages, integrated forms of these phages, are prevalent in many bacterial genomes and play a role in bacterial adaptation and evolution. However, the diversity and stability of prophages within gut commensals, particularly in the genera Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, remain underexplored. This study aims to screen and characterize prophages in these genera, providing insights into their diversity, host range, and temporal dynamics in the human gut. Results Using a combination of three bioinformatic tools—Cenote-Taker 3, Vibrant, and PHASTER—we conducted a comprehensive analysis of prophages in Bacteroides and Phocaeicola. Cenote-Taker 3 identified the most diverse set of prophages, with significant overlaps observed between the tools. After clustering high-quality prophages, we identified 22 unique viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). Notably, comparisons between prophages identified in isolated bacterial genomes, metaviromes, and large public gut virome databases revealed a broader host range than initially observed in single isolates. Certain prophages were consistent across time points and individuals, suggesting temporal stability. All identified prophages belonged to the Caudoviricetes class and contained genes related to antibiotic resistance, toxin production, and metabolic processes. Conclusions The combined use of multiple prophage detection tools allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of prophage diversity in Bacteroides and Phocaeicola. The identified prophages were not only prevalent but also exhibited broad host ranges and temporal stability. The presence of antibiotic resistance and toxin genes suggests that these prophages may significantly influence bacterial community structure and function in the gut, with potential implications for human health. These findings highlight the importance of using diverse detection tools to accurately assess prophage diversity and dynamics.
Ključne besede: prophage detection, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, gut microbiome, prophage diversity, Caudoviricetes, antibiotic resistance, phage-bacteria interactions, temporal stability
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.03.2025; Ogledov: 24; Prenosov: 16
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16. Addressing the paradox of rest with innovative technologiesRado Pišot, Uroš Marušič, Luka Šlosar, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: The paradox of rest lies in its dual nature: essential for recovery yet potentially harmful when prolonged. Prolonged physical inactivity (PI) significantly contributes to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies show nearly a third of adults worldwide were insufficiently active in 2022, with the economic costs of PI projected to reach INT$520 billion by 2030. Bedrest models have illuminated the rapid onset of insulin resistance, general functional decline and muscle atrophy associated with PI, particularly in hospitalised older adults. Innovative technologies, such as extended reality (XR), offer promising solutions for mitigating the effects of PI and can enhance non-physical rehabilitation techniques such as motor imagery and action observation. These technologies provide immersive, personalised therapeutic experiences that engage multiple senses, transforming passive recovery into an active process and addressing both the physical and cognitive consequences of inactivity. Results of bedrest study showed significant preservation of muscle mass, improved strength and enhanced insulin sensitivity in the intervention group compared to controls. These findings highlight the potential of XRbased strategies in addressing structural and functional declines during inactivity. As part of the Interreg VI-A Italia-Slovenija project X-BRAIN.net, advanced XR-equipped active rooms were developed to aid post-stroke rehabilitation in acute care settings. XR technologies, particularly VR, have shown promise in providing dynamic and adaptable therapeutic environments that facilitate early and targeted interventions. Future advancements focus on integrating XR with brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and synchronised visual-haptic neurofeedback, enhancing sensorimotor cortical activation and improving rehabilitation outcomes. Comprehensive multimodal approaches, including nutritional, physical and non-physical interventions, are emerging as effective strategies to personalise and optimise patient recovery.
Ključne besede: physical inactivity, functional and cognitive decline, rehabilitation, extended reality, multimodal interventions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.03.2025; Ogledov: 52; Prenosov: 16
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17. Raziskovalna infrastruktura za jezikovne vire in tehnologije CLARIN.SITomaž Erjavec, 2024, druge monografije in druga zaključena dela Ključne besede: Nacionalni portal odprte znanosti, odprta znanost, institucionalni repozitoriji, projekt Spoznaj, načela odprte znanosti, raziskovalni podatki, uprabljanje podatkov, spletna orodja, infrastruktura, odprti podatki, CLARIN, raziskovalni podatki, jezikovni viri
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.03.2025; Ogledov: 54; Prenosov: 9
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18. GIS orodja : praktična predstavitev uporabe orodij za delo s prostorskimi podatkiSimon Koblar, 2024, druge monografije in druga zaključena dela Ključne besede: Nacionalni portal odprte znanosti, odprta znanost, institucionalni repozitoriji, projekt Spoznaj, načela odprte znanosti, raziskovalni podatki, uprabljanje podatkov, spletna orodja, infrastruktura, odprti podatki
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 70; Prenosov: 12
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19. Changes in cuticle structure during growth in two terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)Miloš Vittori, Katarina Vodnik, Andrej Blejec, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Terrestrial isopods are a successful group of terrestrial crustaceans. Their exoskeletal cuticle has been studied in several species. However, it is not known whether the cuticle of these animals becomes thicker or how its structure changes as the animals grow. We aimed to determine the principles of upscaling of the exoskeletal cuticle during growth in the terrestrial isopods Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) and Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804 with scanning electron microscopy. The tergal cuticle becomes thicker with increasing body length. In A. vulgare, which rolls into a ball in defense against predators, the rate of increase of tergite thickness was greater than in P. scaber, which clings to the substrate when threatened. As the cuticles of both species become thicker, the proportion of the endocuticle in the cuticle increases. There is a strong correlation between cuticle thickness and the thickness of endocuticular lamellae. This indicates that in thicker cuticles, chitin-protein fibers in sequential layers change their orientation by a smaller angle. We found no significant differences in morphometric parameters between the cuticles of A. vulgare and P. scaber when controlling for cuticle thickness. This suggests that known differences in cuticle structure and composition between these two species may result from differences in cuticle thickness.
Ključne besede: development, exoskeleton, morphometry, ultrastructure, woodlice
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 224; Prenosov: 25
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20. Prva potrditev pojavljanja obalnega murna Pseudomogoplistes squamiger (Fischer, 1853) (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae) v SlovenijiMatjaž Bedjanič, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Pojavljanje obalnega murna v Sloveniji je bilo prvič nedvoumno potrjeno z opazovanjem samcev, samic in ličink dne 25. 9. 2021 v slovenski Istri, na morskem nabrežju pod Belvederom pri Izoli in v Fiesi pri Piranu, zahodna Slovenija. Razširjenost in biologija te specializirane vrste, vezane na le ozek pas primernega obalnega habitata, sta nepopolno poznani. Zaradi pretekle degradacije in še vedno trajajočih različnih pritiskov na obalo slovenskega morja je vrsta ogrožena, za podrobnejšo oceno velikosti in ogroženosti njenih populacij v Sloveniji pa so potrebne nadaljnje terenske raziskave.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 220; Prenosov: 28
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