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Povzetek: Wood density and radial wood increment were examined in trees of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold., subsp. nigra) in relation to stand mixture and underlying bedrock. Trees of both species from pure and mixed stands were sampled across two types of bedrock, limestone and flysch. Trees from each species were similar in age. Wood density was estimated in standing trees using resistance drilling and increment cores were taken from a smaller subsample of trees of both species. Tree-ring, earlywood and latewood widths were measured and compared to radial profiles of wood density. The influence of stand mixture, diameter at breast height and bedrock on wood density was examined using a Bayesian general linear model. Wood density was significantly higher in pubescent oak than in black pine. Stand mixture was found to affect wood density positively, although the magnitude of the effect was relatively small when compared to other influencing factors also included in the current study. The effect of diameter on wood density was positive on both bedrocks in pubescent oak and negative or neutral in black pine. The size of the effect varied by bedrock and species. On flysch bedrock, the influence of diameter on wood density was stronger than it was on limestone. These indirect bedrock effects on wood density are probably a result of different soil fertility rather than the bedrock itself. There was a notable difference in radial wood increment in both species across the two bedrocks, whereas the differences in densities were smaller. Higher wood densities found on flysch in the subsample of pubescent oaks are likely an effect of higher proportions of latewood, while the opposite trend was observed in black pine. Higher wood density was found on limestone in black pine despite higher latewood percentages on flysch. In the context of forest management, the species composition of the naturally occurring mixtures in the sub-Mediterranean region should be adjusted slightly to favor pubescent oak, since it is a climax species and will bind more carbon for longer than black pine due to higher wood densities. Future forest management should also promote the overall development of pubescent oak trees in sub-Mediterranean stands. The results are especially important in the European context, because the share of sub-Mediterranean stands is expected to rise with global warming.
Ključne besede: Karst, wood structure, resistograph, resistance drilling, Quercus pubescens, Pinus nigra, limestone, flysch
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.01.2021; Ogledov: 1222; Prenosov: 445
Celotno besedilo (1,42 MB)
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Povzetek: V prispevku predstavljamo proces in rezultate določitve korekcijskih količnikov za pretvorbo rezistografskih gostot, izmerjenih na stoječih drevesih, v osnovno gostoto lesa na primeru bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), puhastega hrasta (Quercus pubescens Willd.) in črnega bora (Pinus nigraArnold.). Korekcijski količniki so bili določeni na podlagi sveže odžaganih kolutov, ki so bili povrtani z rezistografom. Kolute smo stehtali, izmerili njihovo prostornino ter jih posušili do absolutno suhega stanja. Iz zbranih podatkov smo nato izračunali osnovno gostoto lesa ter korekcijske količnike med osnovno in rezistografsko gostoto. V raziskavo je bilo zajetih 59 kolutov. Aritmetična sredina vseh izmerjenih količnikov znaša 1,41, vrednosti 95 % intervala zaupanja pa znašajo od 1,38 do 1,46. Razlike med drevesnimi vrstami so statistično neznačilne. Rezistografska gostota relativno dobro odraža osnovno gostoto kolutov (Pearsonov korelacijski koeficient = 0,91; p < 0,001), kar nakazuje na relativno dobro povezanost osnovnih gostot kolutov z rezistografskimi gostotami. Dobljeni rezultati so ključnega pomena za nadaljnji razvoj področja merjenja dejanskih gostot lesa v stoječih drevesih na hiter in relativno nedestruktiven način.
Ključne besede: rezistograf, gostota lesa, kakovost lesa, bukev, puhasti hrast, črni bor
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.12.2020; Ogledov: 1853; Prenosov: 537
Celotno besedilo (183,02 KB)

Povzetek: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is among the most sensitive coniferous species to ongoing climate change. However, previous studies on its growth response to increasing temperatures have yielded contrasting results (from stimulation to suppression), suggesting highly site-specific responses. Here, we present the first study that applies two independent approaches, i.e. the nonlinear, process-based Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) model and linear daily response functions. Data were collected at twelve sites in Slovenia differing in climate regimes and ranging elevation between 170 and 1300 m a.s.l. VS model results revealed that drier Norway spruce sites at lower elevations are mostly moisture limited, while moist high-elevation sites are generally more temperature limited. Daily response functions match well the pattern of growth-limiting factors from the VS model and further explain the effect of climate on radial growth: prevailing growth-limiting factors correspond to the climate variable with higher correlations. Radial growth correlates negatively with rising summer temperature and positively with higher spring precipitation. The opposite response was observed for the wettest site at the highest elevation, which positively reacts to increased summer temperature and will most likely benefit from a warming climate. For all other sites, the future radial growth of Norway spruce largely depends on the balance between spring precipitation and summer temperature.
Ključne besede: Vaganov-Shashkin model, climate-growth correlations, tree rings, process-based modelling, dendroTools, dendroclimatology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.10.2020; Ogledov: 1332; Prenosov: 1066
Celotno besedilo (1,94 MB)
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Povzetek: V prispevku je predstavljen primer raziskave o variabilnosti kakovosti lesa različnih drevesnih vrst v slovenskih gozdovih. Meritve gostote, ki je eden glavnih pokazateljev kakovosti lesa, bodo služile za izdelavo podatkovne baze za oceno prostorske variabilnosti kakovosti lesa v Sloveniji. Zanesljivih in objektivnih podatkov o kakovosti lesa v naših gozdovih je relativno malo. Takšne baze so na ravni Slovenije izjemno pomembne, saj omogočajo vpogled v kakovost lesa, ki bo v prihodnje na voljo kot surovina na trgu za domačo lesno industrijo. Podobne baze bodo pomembne za izračun količine vezanega ogljika v nadzemni in podzemni biomasi za Slovenijo, hkrati pa bodo zbrani podatki služili tudi kot izhodišče za nadaljnje analize kakovosti lesa, zlasti mehanske lastnosti, ki so ključne pri uporabi lesa za konstrukcijske namene. Lastnosti in razpoložljivost lesa ekonomsko pomembnih drevesnih vrst so osnova za razvoj gozdno-lesne verige glede novih tehnologij, razvoja novih biomaterialov in potenciala rabe lesa različnih kakovosti z optimalnimi izkoristki.
Ključne besede: rezistograf, gostota lesa, kakovost lesa, listavci, iglavci
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.08.2020; Ogledov: 2113; Prenosov: 606
Celotno besedilo (235,34 KB)

Povzetek: Cessation of xylem formation or wood growth (CWG) and onset of foliar senescence (OFS) are key autumn phenological events in temperate deciduous trees. Their timing is fundamental for development and survival of trees, ecosystem nutrient cycling, the seasonal exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere and affect the impact and feedback of forests to global change. A large-scale experimental effort and improved observational methods have allowed us to compare the timing of CWG and OFS for different deciduous tree species in Western Europe, in particularly silver birch, a pioneer species, and European beech, a late-succession species, at stands of different latitudes, of different levels of site fertility, and for two years with contrasting meteorological and drought conditions i.e., the low-moderately dry 2017 and the extremely dry 2018. Specifically, we tested whether foliar senescence started before, after or concurrently with CWG. OFS and CWG occurred generally between late September and early November, with larger differences across species and sites for OFS. Foliar senescence started concurrently with CWG in most cases, except for the drier 2018 and, for beech, at the coldest site, where OFS occurred significantly later than CWG. Behavior of beech in Spain, the southern edge of its European distribution, was unclear, with no CWG, but very low wood growth at the time of OFS. Our study suggests that OFS is generally triggered by the same drivers of CWG or when wood growth decreases in late summer, indicating an overarching mechanism of sink limitation as a possible regulator of the timing of foliar senescence.
Ključne besede: autumn phenology, xylem formation, foliar senescence, cambium, chlorophyll, radial growth, wood, decidiuous trees, common aspen, common beech, pedunculate oak, silver birch
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2020; Ogledov: 2050; Prenosov: 1285
Celotno besedilo (2,04 MB)
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