941. Interventional radiological management of complications in renal transplantationPeter Popović, Katarina Šurlan Popović, 2004, review article Abstract: Background. The most frequent radiologically evaluated and treated complications in renal transplantation are perirenal and renal fluid collection and abnormalities of the vasculature and collecting system. Renal and perirenal fluid collection is usually treated successfully with percutaneous drainage. Doppler US, MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are most important in the evaluation of vascular complications of renal transplantation and management of the endovaseular therapy. Conclusions. Stenosis, the most common vascular complication, occurs in 1% to 12% of transplanted renal arteries and represents a potentially curable cause of hypertension following transplantation and/or renal dysfunction. Treatment with percutaneous transluntinal renal angioplasty (PTRA) or PTRA with stent has been technically successful in 82 to 92% of the cases, and graft salvage rate has ranged from 80-100%. Complications such as arterial and vein thrombosis are uncommon. Intrarenal A/V fistulas and pseudoaneurysms are occasionally seen after biopsy, the treatment reguires superselective embolisation. Urologic complications are relatively uncommon; they consist predominantly of the urinary leaks and urethral obstruction. Interventional treatment consists of percutaneous nephrostomy, balloon dilation, insertion ofthe double J stents, metallic stent placement and external drainage of the extrarenal collections. The aim of the paper is to review the role of interventional radiology in the management of complications in renal transplantation.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 204; Downloads: 49
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942. Magnetic resonance angiography of the portal venous systemPavel Berden, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Imaging of the portal venous system is necessary in different clinical conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is useful in obtaining high quality portal vein images. A fast gradient-echo MR imaging sequence with minimum repetition time and echo time is used. Up to 40 ml of paramagnetic contrast is injected into peripheral vein as a bolus. The Arrival of contrast medium in the aorta is preferably detected with an automated system, when breath-hold sequence is started, and repeated two times, to depict arterial and venous phase. Maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) imaging is the usual postprocessing method.Conclusions. In patients with portal hypertension, MRA can present collateral pathway and patency of the portal vein or portosystemic shunt. In portal vein thrombosis MRA provides information about the location and length of portal vein obstruction and helps in therapeutic strategy decision. MRA is a proper technique in Budd-Chiari syndrome, where it is important to determinethe location and length of hepatie outflow obstruction. MRA is a verygood modality before liver transplantation to depict vascular anatomy and portal vein patency, and after liver transplantation to image possible liver complications. Its limitations include inappropriate positioning of the 3D acquisition slab, respiratory motion artefacts, and metal implants (e.g. pacemaker).
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 247; Downloads: 55
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943. Radiologic imaging of acute pancreatitisMojca Glušič, Erika Brenčič, Peter Popović, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Acute pancreatitis comprises a broad spectrum of inflammatory changes in the gland and has a variety of causes. The most common are alcoholism and biliary tract disease. This paper discusses the current concepts of diagnosis and the relationship between morphology as depieted by imaging, pancreatic function tests and treatment planning. Conclusions. Our understanding of the morphologic changes produced by the inflammatory process has expanded in the last decade as more sophisticated imaging techniques have been used for evaluation.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 201; Downloads: 45
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944. Sonographycally guided hydrostatic reduction of childhood intussusceptionDubravka Vidmar, Alenka Višnar-Perovič, 2004, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in children under two years of age. The proximal part of the bowel and its mesentery (the intussusceptum) enter within that part immediately beneath it (the intussuscipiens). Being pulled by peristalsis the mesenterial vessels getcompressed which result in ishaemia of the bowel wall. Most intussusceptions are ileocolic. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a contrast enema or ultrasound. Sonography demonstrates a so-called target-within-a-target patfern (in cross-section) with thickened edematous bowel wall with or without vascularisation and prestenotic dilatation with increased peristalsis. Therapeutic reduction can be attempted by a contrast enema (following diagnostic procedure) or by air, both under fluoroscopic monitoring, or by normal saline under sonographic guidance. Patients and methods. We detected sonographically intussusception in three girls of 15, 16 and 18 months having typical clinical signs. We continued with hydrostatic reduction under the sonographic guidance. The reduction was attempted with a saline enema on body-temperature, introduced by the equipment for contrast enema. The bottle o f normal saline was hung up 1 m over the examination desk.We needed few liters of saline to replace lost liquids due to the incomplete occlusion of rectum. Meanwhile we monitored the moving of the intussusceptum back into the proximal direction. Criteria for a succesful reduction were the disappearance of the intussusceptum and the passage of fluid through the ileocecal valve. Results. Success was proven in all three girls. No complications occured and the pain relieved immediately after the procedure. There were no signs of intussusception on sonography after 2 and 12hours. We saw a slightly edematous wall of ileocecal valve and terminal ileum. Due to their exellent clinical conditions they were discharged from hospital after a second sonography. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 245; Downloads: 51
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945. History of the Clinical institute of radiology in Ljubljana on its 80th anniversary (1923-2003) : Historia magistra vitaeVladimir Jevtič, 2004, professional article Abstract: Backgraund. The manuscript presents a short history of the Clinical Radiology Institute in Ljubljana, University Clinical Centre, and the leading radiological institution in Slovenia since its establishment in 1923. Throughout its history the Institute has been faced with numerous obstacles. Its major problems have always included the lack of professional and economical independence, which has made it difficult for the Institute to keepup with the fask technological development of the world's radiology, as well as the shortage of radiologists and radiographers with the consequence ofthe excessive work load and difficulties in educational and research activities. Despite some serious problems the expertise of the Institute's Ieadership, together with the enthusiasm of all radiologists and radiographers, has enabled a continuous professional and technological development which is the basis of today's high quality diagnostic and interventional radiology. Many of the remarkable aehievements would not have been possible without some extraordinary personalities who laid down the solidfoundations of today's lnstitute. Conclusions. Eighty years of Clinical Radiology Institute in Ljubljana is a history of the successful development ofthe republic's leading radiological institution, a success based on determination, unity and the professional integrity af all its members and management.
Keywords: Ljubljana
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 249; Downloads: 62
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946. Multileaf collimator in radiotherapyMatjaž Jeraj, Vlado Robar, 2004, professional article Abstract: Backgrourcd. Basic goal of radiotherapy treatment is the irradiation of a target valume while minimizing the amount of radiation absorbed in healthy tissue. Shaping the beam is an important way of minimizing the absorbed dose in healthy tissue and critical structures. Conveneional collimator jaws are used for shaping a rectangular treatment field; but, as usually treatment volume is not rectangular, additional shaping is required. On a linear accelerator, lead blocks or individually made CerrobendTM blocks are attached onto the treatment head under standard collimating system. Another option is the use of multileaf collimator (MLC). Conclusions. Multileaf collimator is becoming the main tool for beam shaping on the linear accelerator. It is a simple and useful system in the preparation and performance of radiotherapy treatment. Multileaf eollimators are reliable, as their manufacturers developed various mechanisms for their precision, control and reliability, together with reduction of leakage and transmission of radiation between and through the leaves. Multileaf collimator is known today as a very useful clinical system for simple field shaping, but its use is getting even more important in dynamie radiotherapy, with the leaves rnoving during irradiation.This enables a precise dose delivery on any part of a treated volume. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the therapy of the future, isbased on the dynamic use of MLC.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 162; Downloads: 37
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947. Comparison of Wistar vs. Fischer rat in the incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced intestinal tumorsŽeljka Večerić-Haler, Anton Cerar, 2004, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Many investigators have observed differences in the susceptibilityto induce intestinal tumors by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) between various strains of rodents. The results are difficult to compare because of the different regimes used for induction. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the influence of strain on DMH-induced intestinal tumors between Wistar and Fischer rats. Materials and rreethods. We used 29 Fischer and 30 Wistar male rats that were injected subcutaneously DMH, weekly, at a dosage of 25 mg/kg-body weight for 20 weeks. After 25 weeks from the beginningof the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and autopsied. The complete length of colorectum and all macroscopic changes were examined histologically. Results. The induction of intestinal tumors was 97% in Fischerrats and 100% in Wistar rats. In Wistar rats 184 tumors were found: 133adenomas, 50 tubular adenocarcinomas and 1 signet-cell carcinoma. 77% of careinamas were found in colorectum and 23% in the small intestine. In Fiseherrats, 126 tumors were found: 94 adenomas, 26 tubular adenocarcinomas, 5signet-cell carcinomas and 1 mucinous carcinoma; 42% of carcinomas were foundin the colorectum and 58% in the small intestine. The strain difference in the incidence of all induced tumors was statistically significant (P=0.001). The differences in the occurrence of the malignant and benign tumors was also significant (P<0.001; P=0.011). Extra intestinal tumors were not found. Conclusions. Wistar rats showed greater percentage of colorectal tumors, and also the distribution of tumors in colorectum resembled more the distribution found in human pathology. That is why we reeommend Wistar rat rather than Fischer rat for the research work on the colorectal tumors.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 183; Downloads: 51
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948. Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies of adrenal masses in lung cancer patients, eleven-year experienceIgor Kocijančič, 2004, original scientific article Abstract: Purpose. The aim of this retrospective study was to define the accuracy and safety of the ultrasonographically (US) guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the enlarged adrenals in the patients with lung cancer. Patients andmethods. In eleven-year period 64 patients with cytologically proven lung cancer underwent USguided FNABs of adrenal masses. The accuracy of the method was assessed on the basis of cytology findings and the safety on the number ofcomplications reported after the procedure. Results. US-guided aspiration biopsy turned out to be accurate in 58/64 cases (91%), and very safe with only4/64 (6%) minor complications. In 52/58 (90%) cases, the cytology sample was found to be malignant. In 6 cases (10%), isolated adrenal masses were adenomas. Conclnsions. We recommend US guided FNAB as a safe and reliable diagnostic method that has many advantages over computer tomography (CT) guided FNAB, such as safety, patient friendliness, no X-rays and its reproducibility.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 214; Downloads: 57
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949. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2024-010 : vzorec št. 2024/00044Nikica Ogris, Maarten De Groot, 2024, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, graden, Quercus petraea, sušenje, hiranje, kompleksna bolezen
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 223; Downloads: 64
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