1. Patient-derived tumor organoids mimic treatment-induced DNA damage response in glioblastomaBernarda Majc, Anamarija Habič, Marta Malavolta, Miloš Vittori, Andrej Porčnik, Roman Bošnjak, Jernej Mlakar, Alenka Matjašič, Andrej Zupan, Marija Skoblar Vidmar, Tamara Lah Turnšek, Aleksander Sadikov, Barbara Breznik, Metka Novak, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, characterized by resistance to therapy. Despite aggressive treatment options, GB remains an incurable disease. Invasiveness and heterogeneity are key GB features that cannot be studied in preclinical in vitro models. In this study, we investigated the effects of standard therapy using patient-derived GB organoids (GBOs). GBOs reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of the original tumor tissue. No significant effect on GBO viability or invasion was observed after irradiation and temozolomide treatment. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (MDM2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), and the serine/threonine kinases ATM and ATR were upregulated at the gene and protein levels after treatment. Our results show that the p53 pathway and DNA-damage response mechanisms were triggered, suggesting that GBOs recapitulate GB therapy resistance. GBOs thus provide a highly efficient platform to assess the specific responses of GB patients to therapy and to further explore therapy resistance.
Ključne besede: cellular physiology, cellular toxicology, in vitro toxicology including 3D culture, technical aspects of cell biology, cancer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.09.2024; Ogledov: 136; Prenosov: 79
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2. The relationship between the inhalation bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements in road dust from a heavily polluted industrial area and the source of their pollutionMarija Zupančič, Miloš Miler, Gorazd Žibret, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: One of the sources of chronic exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTE), especially in polluted environments, is the inhalation of resuspended road dust (RD). The aim of this study is to assess the inhalation bioaccessibility of PTE in RD from highly polluted environments from mining/smelting industries and traffic, and to identify any correlations between the bioaccessibility fraction of PTE and the physicochemical characteristics of the particles. RD from the studied area contains extremely high total concentrations of Cr, V, and Mn, which are likely due to pollution from the smelting industry. Additionally, elevated total concentrations of other elements associated with traffic emissions including Zn, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Sn were also measured. The bioaccessibility of PTE was assessed using two synthetic extraction solutions - Gamble's solution (GS) and Artificial Lysosomal Fluid (ALF). The majority of elements showed negligible bioaccessibility in GS. However, quite high inhalation bioaccessibility was observed for Zn, Pb, Sb, Cd, and Mn in the ALF solution, with a mean bioaccessible fraction of 49, 51.5, 41, 50, and 40% respectively. The highest bioavailable fraction was measured for Cd (97%) in a sample collected near a steel production facility and for Pb (95%) in a sample collected near the highway. These results indicate that increased mobility of the elements in inhaled particles occurs only in the case of phagocytosis. The lowest inhalation bioavailability was measured for Cr (mean is 3%). Differential individual particle analysis revealed that about 60% of phases, mostly major (Cr,Ti,V)-bearing metallic alloys, silicates, oxides and sulphides, are stable in ALF solution, while 40% of phases, mostly (Fe,Ca,Mn)-bearing oxides, silicates, sulphides, metals and metallic alloys originating from steel production, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon and vanadium production and from traffic emissions have been heavily corroded or completely dissolved. The study provides valuable information to further assess health hazards from various emission sources.
Ključne besede: coal mining, inhalation bioaccessibility, mining/smelting pollution, potentially toxic elements, road dust, traffic pollution
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.09.2024; Ogledov: 143; Prenosov: 3201
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3. Marine strategy framework directive : Descriptor 2, non - indigenous species delivering solid recommendations for setting threshold values for non-indigenous species pressure on European seasKonstantinos Tsiamis, Ivan Cvitković, Marija Despalatović, Branko Dragičević, Jakov Dulčić, Ana Fortič, Janja Francé, Lovrenc Lipej, Borut Mavrič, Patricija Mozetič, Živana Ninčević Gladan, Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Monika Peterlin, Valentina Pitacco, Domen Trkov, Olja Vidjak, Ante Žuljević, 2021, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) are animals and plants introduced accidently or deliberately into the European seas, originating from other seas of the globe. About 800 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) currently occur in the European Union national marine waters, several of which have negative impacts on marine ecosystem services and biodiversity. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 2 (D2), EU Member States (MSs) need to consider NIS in their marine management strategies. The Descriptor D2 includes one primary criterion (D2C1: new NIS introductions), and two secondary criteria (D2C2 and D2C3). The D2 implementation is characterized by a number of issues and uncertainties which can be applicable to the Descriptor level (e.g. geographical unit of assessment, assessment period, phytoplanktonic, parasitic, oligohaline NIS, etc.), to the primary criterion D2C1 level (e.g. threshold values, cryptogenic, questionable species, etc), and to the secondary criteria D2C2 and D2C3. The current report tackles these issues and provides practical recommendations aiming at a smoother and more efficient implementation of D2 and its criteria at EU level. They constitute a solid operational output which can result in more comparable D2 assessments among MSs and MSFD regions/subregions. When it comes to the policy-side, the current report calls for a number of different categories of NIS to be reported in D2 assessments, pointing the need for the species to be labelled/categorised appropriately in the MSFD reporting by the MSs. These suggestions are proposed to be communicated to the MSFD Working Group of Good Environmental Status (GES) and subsequently to the Marine Strategy Coordination Group (MSCG) of MSFD. Moreover, they can serve as an input for revising the Art. 8 Guidelines.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2024; Ogledov: 111; Prenosov: 84
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4. Razporeditev vodnih makrofitov v dveh vodotokih kraške reke Ljubljanice, Obrh in RakMarija Kravanja, Mateja Germ, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Rivers are spatially and temporally heterogeneous systems that are susceptible to changes due to anthropogenic influences. These can significantly alter water quality and river communities, including macrophytes, which are involved in nutrient cycling, energy flow and sedimentation processes, and provide habitats for other organisms. The presence, abundance, and distribution of macrophytes can thus serve as indicators of the state of aquatic ecosystems. Rivers that flow (partially) underground are particularly susceptible to (human) impacts from the hinterland due to their lower self-purification capacity. Using a modified RCE (a Riparian, Channel, and Environmental Inventory) method, we classified the Rak River as first or second RCE quality class, and the Obrh River as second or third RCE quality class. According to the River Macrophyte Index (RMI), the ecological status of both rivers was moderate, good or very good, except for the first section of the Obrh, the status of which was assessed as poor. The ecomorphological preservation of both rivers and suitable conditions for macrophyte growth contribute to the high species diversity observed in both rivers: a total of 36 taxa were recorded in the Obrh and 38 in the Rak. In the latter, the presence of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. was recorded for the first time at the time of our sampling. Almost one third of the species in each of the rivers are listed on the Slovenian Red list of threatened pteridophytes and seed plants, supporting the evidence of their high naturalness and emphasizing the importance of appropriate management of karst watercourses.
Ključne besede: karst, macrophytes, RCE method
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.08.2024; Ogledov: 123; Prenosov: 164
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6. Comparison of the mineralogy and microstructure of EAF stainless steel slags with reference to the cooling treatmentMojca Loncnar, Ana Mladenovič, Marija Zupančič, Peter Bukovec, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: TIn the present study the differences in the mineralogical composition and microstructure of various types of EAF stainless steel (EAF S) slag with regard to the cooling treatment, the operation practice in an EAF (electric arc furnace) and environmental ageing reactions were evaluated. It was shown that the mineralogy of the investigated EAF S slags varied from one slag to another, depending on the quality of the produced stainless steel. The production process of the treated steel also has a strong influence on the mineralogy of the slags. The conditions during water cooling treatment were not sufficient to prevent the crystallization of primary mineral phases, which occurs predominantly in air-cooled EAF S slags, probably due to the high basicity of the investigated slags. However, the water cooling treatment of hot slag leads to the absence of γ-CaSiO 4 and the formation of secondary mineral phases predominantly calcite, portlandite, ettringite, calcium aluminate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate. It has been shown that during the environmental ageing test (down-flow column test) secondary mineral phases were formed, which were the same as those formed during the water cooling treatment.
Ključne besede: electric arc furnace stainless steel slag, cooling path, microstructure, mineralogy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.08.2024; Ogledov: 257; Prenosov: 148
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7. Cognitive functioning in a cohort of high-grade glioma patientsAndreja Cirila Škufca Smrdel, Anja Podlesek, Marija Skoblar Vidmar, Jana Markovič, Jana Jereb, Manja Kuzma, Uroš Smrdel, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: High grade gliomas are associated with cognitive problems. The aim of the study was to investigate cognitive functioning in a cohort of patients with high grade glioma, according to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) status and other clinical characteristics. The patients with the high-grade glioma treated in Slovenia in given period of time were included in study. Postoperatively they completed neuropsychological assessment consisting of Slovenian Verbal Learning Test, Slovenian Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Test Part A and B and self-evaluation questionnaire. We analysed results (z-scores and dichotomized results) also according to IDH mutation and MGMT methylation. We examined differences between groups using T-test, Mann-Whitney U, χ2 and Kendall's Tau tests. Out of 275 patients in the cohort, we included 90. Forty-six percent of patients were unable to participate due to poor performance status and other conditions related to tumour. Patients with the IDH mutation were younger, with better performance status, larger proportions of grade III tumours and MGMT methylation. In this group cognitive functioning is significantly better in the domains of immediate recall, short delayed recall and delayed recall, and in the fields of executive functioning and recognition. There were no differences in cognitive functioning in regard to MGMT status. Grade III tumours were associated with more frequent MGMT methylation. Self-assessment proved week tool, associated only with immediate recall. We found no differences in cognitive functioning according to MGMT status, but cognition was better when IDH mutation was present. In a cohort study of patients with high-grade glioma, almost half were unable to participate in a study, which points to an overrepresentation of patients with better cognitive functioning in the research.
Ključne besede: cognition, high grade glioma, IDH1 mutation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.07.2024; Ogledov: 222; Prenosov: 78
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8. Učinkovitost zatiranja invazivne tujerodne vrste navadne barvilnice : poraba časa in potencialne izboljšave pri negi mladjaPeter Smolnikar, Urban Žitko, Marija Kolšek, Matevž Triplat, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: V svetu invazivne tujerodne vrste rastlin (ITVR) povzročajo mnoge spremembe v okolju. Za zatiranje ITVR je znanih precej metod, primernost posamezne in posledično tudi uspešnost pa sta odvisni od vsakega primera posebej – predvsem od cilja, ki ga želimo doseči z zatiranjem. V študiji smo spremljali zatiranje navadne barvilnice v okviru nege mladja, tj. z rezjo pri tleh. Študija je potekala na objektu s površino 2,82 ha, dela so izvajali trije delavci. Cilji študije so bili ugotoviti porabo časa na površino in pridobiti manjkajoča znanja na področju izvajanja dodatnih ukrepov pri negi mladja. V povprečju so delavci za en hektar obžetve potrebovali 18,8 ure produktivnega časa. Po simulaciji študije na osemurni delavnik faktor neproduktivnega časa znaša 1,39 (σ = 0,053) in je nižji od priznanega državnega faktorja neproduktivnega časa (1,58) za sečnjo. Pri interpretaciji rezultatov je potrebna previdnost, ker so pri kratkotrajnih (manj obsežnih) študijah pogosto podcenjeni faktorji neproduktivnega časa. Teoretični izračun, ki temelji na linearni regresiji podatkov, kaže, da je za obžetev enega hektara v celoti potrebno okrog dvaindvajset ur. Kljub že tako nizkemu faktorju neproduktivnega časa je še rezerva za optimizacijo delovnega procesa, vendar so za to potrebne dolgotrajnejše in obsežnejše študije časa.
Ključne besede: gozdarstvo, invazivne rastline, zatiranje, nega pomladka, časovna študija, Phytolacca americana
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.07.2024; Ogledov: 185; Prenosov: 64
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9. Soil water dynamics and olive yield (Olea europaea L.) under different surface drip irrigation treatments in northern MediterraneanMatic Noč, Urša Pečan, Marina Pintar, Maja Podgornik, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The use of modern irrigation systems and monitoring of soil water status can help improve crop performance and water use efficiency. The influence of different irrigation treatments on soil water content dynamics and olive oil yield was studied over two growing seasons using a surface drip irrigation system in an olive grove in northern Mediterranean climate. Irrigation treatments included optimal irrigation, sustained deficit irrigation (33 % of optimal irrigation), and rainfed treatment. Based on the water applied, we calculated the percentage of replenished estimated evapotranspiration (ETc*) for each treatment using the Penman-Monteith method. Soil water content dynamics were monitored with capacitive probes at five depths (10 to 50 cm). The increase in soil water content at a depth of 30 to 50 cm, which was only achieved with optimal irrigation, resulted in a significantly higher olive oil yield. In contrast, deficit irrigation, despite the addition of water, did not lead to an increase in soil water in the layers below 30 cm, so that the yield was equal to that of rainfed treatment. In irrigated olive groves, it is beneficial to monitor the water content of the soil at several depths to ensure that a sufficient amount of water has been applied.Uporaba sodobnih namakalnih sistemov ter spremljanje stanja vode v tleh lahko pripomore k izboljšanju učinkovitosti rastlinske pridelave in rabe vode. Vpliv različnih načinov namakanja na dinamiko vsebnosti vode v tleh in pri-delek oljčnega olja smo preučevali v dveh rastnih dobah z upo-rabo površinskega kapljičnega namakalnega sistema v oljčnem nasadu v severnem sredozemskem podnebju. Obravnavanja so vključevala optimalno namakanje, trajno namakanje s priman-jkljajem (33 % optimalnega namakanja) in brez namakanja. Na podlagi porabljene vode smo z uporabo metode Penman-Mon-teith izračunali odstotek nadomeščene ocenjene evapotranspi-racije (ETc*) za vsako obravnavo. Dinamiko vsebnosti vode v tleh smo spremljali s kapacitivnimi merilniki na petih globinah (od 10 do 50 cm). Povečanje vsebnosti vode v tleh na globini od 30 do 50 cm, ki je bilo doseženo le z optimalnim namakanjem, je povzročilo večji pridelek oljčnega olja. Nasprotno pa se pri namakanju s primanjkljajem kljub dodajanju vode ni povečala količina vode v tleh v plasteh pod 30 cm, zato je bil pridelek enak pridelku brez namakanja. V namakanih oljčnih nasadih je koristno spremljati vsebnost vode v tleh na več globinah, da se zagotovi, da je bila priskrbljena zadostna količina vode
Ključne besede: diviner, evapotranspiration, irrigation management, olive, soil depths, volumetric soil water content
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 203; Prenosov: 218
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10. The physiological impact of GFLV virus infection on grapevine water status : first observationsAnastazija Jež Krebelj, Maja Cigoj, Marija Stele, Marko Chersicola, Maruša Pompe Novak, Paolo Sivilotti, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In a vineyard, grapevines are simultaneously exposed to combinations of several abiotic (drought, extreme temperatures, salinity) and biotic stresses (phytoplasmas, viruses, bacteria). With climate change, the incidences of drought in vine growing regions are increased and the host range of pathogens with increased chances of virulent strain development has expanded. Therefore, we studied the impact of the combination of abiotic (drought) and biotic (Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) infection) stress on physiological and molecular responses on the grapevine of cv. Schioppettino by studying the influence of drought and GFLV infection on plant water status of grapevines, on grapevine xylem vessel occlusion, and on expression patterns of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), WRKY encoding transcription factor (WRKY54) and RD22-like protein (RD22) genes in grapevines. A complex response of grapevine to the combination of drought and GFLV infection was shown, including priming in the case of grapevine water status, net effect in the case of area of occluded vessels in xylem, and different types of interaction of both stresses in the case of expression of four abscisic acid-related genes. Our results showed that mild (but not severe) water stress can be better sustained by GFLV infection rather than by healthy vines. GFLV proved to improve the resilience of the plants to water stress, which is an important outcome to cope with the challenges of global warming.
Ključne besede: grapevine, water status, virus infection, GFLV, xylem vessel occlusion, gene expression
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Ogledov: 197; Prenosov: 198
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