1. The efficacy of first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC aged ≥70 years with high PD-L1 (TPS ≥50%) expression: a multicenter real-world studyFilip Marković, Maximilian J Hochmair, Nino Müser, Hannah Fabikan, Vania Mikaela Rodriguez, Urška Janžič, Mihailo Stjepanović, Milica Kontic Jovanovic, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This real-world study assessed the effectiveness of first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic non-oncogene-addicted NSCLC and PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, comparing those aged ≥70 years to younger patients. Results showed no significant differences in outcomes—objective response rate, time on treatment (ToT), and overall survival (OS)—between the two age groups. In older patients, a history of smoking and good performance status (ECOG PS 0–1) were associated with better outcomes. Poor ECOG PS (≥2) was linked to shorter ToT and OS, regardless of age. Older patients were less likely to receive second-line therapy due to comorbidities and functional decline. These findings highlight the importance of performance status over chronological age in predicting benefit from immunotherapy and support pembrolizumab monotherapy as an effective firstline option for older patients with good functional status.
Ključne besede: NSCLC, PD-L1, real-world data
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Ogledov: 129; Prenosov: 43
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2. Representation of geriatric oncology in cancer care guidelines in Europe : a scoping review by the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG)C. Lafont, G. Liposits, R. Vidra, A. J. Cunquero-Tomás, E. Korobeinikova, N. R. Neuendorff, V. Slavova-Boneva, Urška Janžič, S. Pilleron, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: cancer, older adults, policy, guidelines, healthcare system
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 43
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3. Real-world experience in treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with BRAF or cMET exon 14 skipping mutationsUrška Janžič, Walid Shalata, Katarzyna Szymczak, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Marko Jakopović, Giannis Mountzios, Adam Płużański, António Araújo, Andriani Charpidou, Abed Agbarya, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: BRAF and cMET exon 14 skipping are rare mutations of NSCLC. The treatment sequence in these cases for the first and second line is not clear. An international registry was created for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring BRAF or cMET exon 14 skipping mutations, diagnosed from January 2017 to June 2022. Clinicopathological and molecular data and treatment patterns were recorded. Data on 58 patients, from eight centers across five countries, were included in the final analysis. We found that 40 patients had the cMET exon 14 skipping mutation and 18 had the BRAF V600E mutation. In total, 53 and 28 patients received first- and second-line treatments, respectively, among which 52.8% received targeted therapy (TT) in the first line and 53.5% in the second line. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for first-line treatment with TT vs. other treatment such as immune checkpoint inhibitors ± chemotherapy (IO ± CT) were 55.6% vs. 21.7% (p = 0.0084) and 66.7% vs. 39.1% (p = 0.04), respectively. The type of treatment in first-line TT vs. other affected time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) was 11.6 m vs. 4.6 m (p= 0.006). The overall survival for the whole group was 15.4 m and was not statistically affected by the type of treatment (19.2 m vs. 13.5 m; p = 0.83).
Ključne besede: non-small-cell lung cancer, BRAF V600 mutation, cMET exon 14 skipping mutation, real-world data, targeted therapy, first-line therapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Ogledov: 136; Prenosov: 59
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4. Response rate of the third and fourth doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine administered to cancer patients undergoing active anti-neoplastic treatmentsAbed Agbarya, Ina Sarel, Tomer Ziv-Baran, Orna Schwartz, Yelena Shechtman, Ella Kozlener, Rasha Khoury, Mohammad Sheikh Ahmad, Leonard Saiegh, Forat Swaid, Ahmad Asala Abu, Urška Janžič, Ronen Brenner, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: SARS-CoV-2, BNT162b2 vaccine, cancer patients, anti-neoplastic treatment, chemotherapy, antibodies, immunogenicity, COVID-19, immunocompromise
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Ogledov: 145; Prenosov: 40
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5. A three-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine regime produces both suitable immunogenicity and satisfactory efficacy in patients with solid cancersUrška Janžič, Urška Bidovec, Peter Korošec, Katja Mohorčič, Loredana Mrak, Marina Čakš, Maja Ravnik, Erik Škof, Matija Rijavec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: The recommended booster third dose of vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients seems reasonable to protect them against a severe disease course. A prospective study was designed to assess the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in this cohort. Methods: Patients with solid malignancies on active treatment were followed up after the primary course and booster third dose of vaccination to assess their anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels, efficacy in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and safety. Results: Out of 125 patients receiving the primary course of vaccination, 66 patients received a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine, with a 20-fold increase in median anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels compared to Ab levels six months post-primary course of vaccination (p < 0.0001). After the booster third dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels were comparable to healthy controls (p = 0.113). There was a decline in Ab levels 3 (p = 0.0003) and 6 months (p < 0.0001) post-third booster dose. No patients had either a severe disease course or a lethal outcome in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the third booster dose. Conclusion: The third booster vaccination dose against COVID-19 in solid cancer patients triggers substantial immunogenicity and is safe and effective for preventing a severe COVID-19 disease course.
Ključne besede: solid cancer, COVID-19 vaccination, booster third dose
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.02.2026; Ogledov: 100; Prenosov: 42
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6. Pleural mesothelioma diagnosis for the pulmonologistAlberto Fantin, Nadia Castaldo, Ernesto Crisafulli, Giulia Sartori, Filippo Patrucco, Horiana B. Grosu, Paolo Vailati, Giuseppe Morana, Vincenzo Patruno, Stefano Kette, Avinash Aujayeb, Aleš Rozman, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background/Objectives: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and complex diagnostic pathways. Pulmonologists often play a central role in its initial recognition and investigation. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence on the diagnostic approach to MPM, with emphasis on imaging, tissue sampling, histopathology, and emerging diagnostic innovations relevant to clinical pulmonology. Methods: English-language studies published between January 2005 and June 2025 were identified from PubMed and Scopus. International guidelines and consensus documents were also reviewed to provide an updated overview of diagnostic strategies. Results: Diagnosis of MPM relies on a stepwise integration of clinical, radiological, and pathological information. Thoracic ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging complement each other across different stages of the diagnostic pathway. Image-guided pleural biopsy and medical thoracoscopy remain the gold standard for tissue confirmation, supported by immunohistochemistry and molecular testing. The 2021 World Health Organization classification of pleural tumors and the International Association Study of Lung Cancer 9th Edition Tumour-Node-Mestastatis system have refined histologic and staging criteria, thereby improving reproducibility and prognostic accuracy. Emerging tools, including liquid biopsy, novel serum and molecular biomarkers, artificial-intelligence-based radiomics, and breathomics, offer promise for earlier and less invasive diagnosis but require prospective validation. Conclusions: Current advances are redefining MPM diagnosis toward integrated, multidisciplinary, and precision-based models. Future priorities include standardizing diagnostic algorithms, validating minimally invasive biomarkers, and integrating AI and molecular profiling into clinical workflows to enhance patient stratification.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.02.2026; Ogledov: 419; Prenosov: 86
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7. The role of antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of lung cancerTanya Zlatanova, Aynura Changalova, Urška Janžič, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Over the last decades, lung cancer treatment has improved immensely, mainly due to the incorporation of new targeted treatments and immunotherapy. A relatively new and potentially highly effective class of drugs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has been introduced to the clinical setting and is currently under intense investigation, alone and in combination with other molecules. This study aims to summarize the latest data on ADCs for lung cancer treatment and to analyze their potential, toxicity profile, and challenges.
Ključne besede: ADC, antibody-drug conjugate, non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, targeted therapy, immunotherapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.02.2026; Ogledov: 434; Prenosov: 88
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8. Characteristics and predictors of clinical outcome in patients with pleural effusions caused by heart, liver and renal failure: results from the ERS International Multicentre Pleural Research Collaborative (IMPACT) registryHugh Welch, Steven Walker, Jordy Kerkhoff, Julius Janssen, Silvia Bielsa, C Civit, José M. Porcel, K Fjaellegaard, J Petersen, U Bodtger, Elzbieta Magdalena Grabczak, Mohamed Ellayeh, Aleš Rozman, Mateja Marc-Malovrh, Rahul Bhatnagar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction Pleural effusions caused by organ dysfunction are the commonest pleural disease and account for a huge healthcare burden. Previous work has demonstrated poor survival rates, but there is still uncertainty about determinants of prognosis. This study describes the characteristics and risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with pleural effusion secondary to organ failure in an international cohort. Methods The European Respiratory Society International Multicentre Pleural Research Collaborative (IMPACT) registry includes an international retrospective study of patients with effusions secondary to heart, liver or renal failure, collected from 10 countries in Europe and North and South America between 2019 and 2021. The data were analysed for associations between baseline patient characteristics and key clinical outcomes. Descriptive data were collected on treatments and complications. Results A total of 755 patients contributed data. Overall, 85.2% of effusions were classified as transudates by Light's criteria. 42% of effusions were bilateral. One-year mortality rates were 46% in renal, 35% in hepatic and 33% in cardiac effusions. Increased mortality was observed in neutrophil-predominant effusions (HR 2.001, 95% CI 1.202–3.349, p=0.008), with age (HR 1.013, 95 CI 1.002–1.024, p=0.02) and with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide >450 pg·mL−1 (HR 1.508, 95% CI 1.191–1.911) in patients with cardiac failure. Therapeutic thoracentesis was the most frequently employed pleural intervention; indwelling pleural catheter use was rare and associated with higher pleural infection rates than thoracentesis. Conclusion This study identifies prognostic factors in an international cohort of patients with transudative pleural effusions. Identification of these risk factors may support treatment approaches in a global population.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.02.2026; Ogledov: 142; Prenosov: 86
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9. Editorial: genetic and immunological insights into angioedema without whealsMatija Rijavec, Maurizio Margaglione, Anastasios E. Germenis, 2026, drugi znanstveni članki Ključne besede: angioedema, biomarker, bradykinin, genetic, inflammatory mediators, outcome, real-world data, treatment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.01.2026; Ogledov: 193; Prenosov: 108
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10. Evaluation of adherence and knowledge retention for adrenaline autoinjector use in Hymenoptera venom-allergic patients with c-KIT p.D816VTea Močnik, Mitja Košnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Severe anaphylaxis in patients with clonal mast cell disorders highlights the need for proper use of adrenaline autoinjectors. This study assessed knowledge retention and adherence to autoinjector use in c-KIT p.D816V-positive individuals with hymenoptera venom allergy undergoing venom immunotherapy (VIT) and prescribed two autoinjectors. Methods: Seventy-one VIT patients received personalized autoinjector education, with knowledge assessed at 3, 4 to 12, 12 to 24, and > 24 months. Fifteen patients 5 years post-VIT underwent video-based retraining and were assessed 1 month later. Results: Knowledge retention was 82.3% at 3 months, dropping to 40.0% at 12 to 24 months (p = 0.0160) and 22.2% after 24 months (p = 0.0005), indicating a clear decline over time. Common errors included ignoring the safety cap (16.7%), insufficient injection force, finger injection risk, and upper arm activation (totaling 19.0%). In addition, 19.8% failed to hold the autoinjector in the muscle for 3 seconds, 26.9% did not know to lie supine during anaphylaxis, and 14.3% did not seek emergency help. In the video-retrained group, 80.0% lacked proficiency 1 month later, 73.3% were unaware of the second dose, and 66.7% did not carry their devices. Conclusions: Ongoing tailored education is essential to ensure effective autoinjector use, especially in c-KIT p.D816V-positive venom-allergic patients. Video instruction alone may be insufficient.
Ključne besede: Hymenoptera, autoinjector, patient education
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.01.2026; Ogledov: 339; Prenosov: 71
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