141. Neural bases of age-related sensorimotor slowing in the upper and lower limbsUroš Marušič, Manca Peskar, Kevin De Pauw, Nina Omejc, Gorazd Drevenšek, Bojan Rojc, Rado Pišot, Voyko Kavcic, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: With advanced age, there is a loss of reaction speed that may contribute to an increased risk of tripping and falling. Avoiding falls and injuries requires awareness of the threat, followed by selection and execution of the appropriate motor response. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and a simple visual reaction task (RT), the goal of our study was to distinguish sensory and motor processing in the upper- and lower-limbs while attempting to uncover the main cause of age-related behavioral slowing. Strength (amplitudes) as well as timing and speed (latencies) of various stages of stimulus- and motor-related processing were analyzed in 48 healthy individuals (young adults, n = 24, mean age = 34 years; older adults, n = 24, mean age = 67 years). The behavioral results showed a significant age-related slowing, where the younger compared to older adults exhibited shorter RTs for the upper- (222 vs. 255 ms; p = 0.006, respectively) and the lower limb (257 vs. 274 ms; p = 0.048, respectively) as well as lower variability in both modalities (p = 0.001). Using ERP indices, age-related slowing of visual stimulus processing was characterized by overall larger amplitudes with delayed latencies of endogenous potentials in older compared with younger adults. While no differences were found in the P1 component, the later components of recorded potentials for visual stimuli processing were most affected by age. This was characterized by increased N1 and P2 amplitudes and delayed P2 latencies in both upper and lower extremities. The analysis of motor-related cortical potentials (MR) revealed stronger MRCP amplitude for upper- and a non-significant trend for lower limbs in older adults. The MRCP amplitude was smaller and peaked closer to the actual motor response for the upper- than for the lower limb in both age groups. There were longer MRCP onset latencies for lower- compared to upper-limb in younger adults, and a non-significant trend was seen in older adults. Multiple regression analyses showed that the onset of the MRCP peak consistently predicted reaction time across both age groups and limbs tested. However, MRCP rise time and P2 latency were also significant predictors of simple reaction time, but only in older adults and only for the upper limbs. Our study suggests that motor cortical processes contribute most strongly to the slowing of simple reaction time in advanced age. However, late-stage cortical processing related to sensory stimuli also appears to play a role in upper limb responses in the elderly. This process most likely reflects less efficient recruitment of neuronal resources required for the upper and lower extremity response task in older adults.
Ključne besede: aging, sensoriomotor integration, event-related potential, finger and foot responses, motor-related cortical potential
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.05.2022; Ogledov: 567; Prenosov: 452
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142. Tissue flossing around the thigh does not provide acute enhancement of neuromuscular functionArmin Paravlić, Jure Segula, Kristina Drole, Vedran Hadžić, Maja Pajek, Janez Vodičar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Nowadays, various methods are used for acute performance enhancement. The most recent of these is tissue flossing, which is becoming increasingly popular for both performance enhancement and rehabilitation. However, the effects of flossing on athletic performance have not been clearly demonstrated, which could be due to differences in the methodology used. In particular, the rest periods between the end of the preconditioning activity and the performance of the criterion task or assessment tools varied considerably in the published literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of applying tissue flossing to the thigh on bilateral countermovement jump performance and contractile properties of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. Nineteen recreational athletes (11 males; aged 23.1 ± 2.7 years) were randomly assigned to days of flossing application (3 sets for 2 min of flossing with 2 min rest between sets) with preset experimental pressure (EXP = 95 ± 17.4 mmHg) or control condition (CON = 18.9 ± 3.5 mmHg). The first part of the measurements was performed before and after warm-up consisting of 5 min of cycling followed by dynamic stretching and specific jumping exercises, while the second part consisted of six measurement points after flossing application (0.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 min). The warm-up improved muscle response time (VL = -5%), contraction time (VL = -3.6%) muscle stiffness (VL = 17.5%), contraction velocity (VL = 23.5%), jump height (13.9%) and average power (10.5%). On the contrary, sustain time, half-relaxation time and take-off velocity stayed unaltered. Flossing, however, showed negative effects for muscle response time (F = 18.547, p < 0.001), contraction time (F = 14.899, p < 0.001), muscle stiffness (F = 8.365, p < 0.001), contraction velocity (F = 11.180, p < 0.001), jump height (F = 14.888, p < 0.001) and average power (F = 13.488, p < 0.001), whereas sustain time, half-relaxation time and take-off velocity were unaffected until the end of the study protocol regardless of condition assigned and/or time points of the assessment. It was found that the warm-up routine potentiated neuromuscular function, whereas the flossing protocol used in the current study resulted in fatigue rather than potentiation. Therefore, future studies aimed to investigate the doseresponse relationship of different configurations of preconditioning activities on neuromuscular function are warranted.
Ključne besede: tensiomyography, countermovement jump, potentation, athletic performance, ischemic precoditioning, functional performance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.05.2022; Ogledov: 544; Prenosov: 388
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143. Early biomarkers of altered renal function and orthostatic intolerance during 10-day bedrestGrazia Tamma, Annarita Di Mise, Marianna Ranieri, Mariangela Centrone, Maria Venneri, Mariagrazia D'Agostino, Angela Ferrulli, Boštjan Šimunič, Marco Vicenzo Narici, Rado Pišot, Giovanna Valenti, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Exposure to actual or simulated microgravity results in alterations of renal function, fluid redistribution, and bone loss, which is coupled to a rise of urinary calcium excretion. We provided evidence that high calcium delivery to the collecting duct reduces local Aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-mediated water reabsorption under vasopressin action, thus limiting the maximal urinary concentration to reduce calcium saturation. To investigate early renal adaptation into simulated microgravity, we investigated the effects of 10 days of strict bedrest in 10 healthy volunteers. We report here that 10 days of inactivity are associated with a transient, significant decrease (day 5) in vasopressin (copeptin) paralleled by a decrease in AQP2 excretion, consistent with an increased central volume to the heart, resulting in reduced water reabsorption. Moreover, bedrest caused a significant increase in calciuria secondary to bone demineralization paralleled by a decrease in PTH. Urinary osteopontin, a glycoprotein exerting a protective effect on stone formation, was significantly reduced during bedrest. Moreover, a significant increase in adrenomedullin (day 5), a peptide with vasodepressor properties, was observed at day 5, which may contribute to the known reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest. We conclude that renal function is altered in simulated microgravity and is associated with an early increase in the risk of stone formation and reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest within a few days of inactivity.
Ključne besede: kidney, functions, bed rest, biomarkers, orthostatic intolerance, vasopressin, copeptin, aquaporin-2, adrenomedullin, calcium
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.04.2022; Ogledov: 783; Prenosov: 457
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144. Teaching and learning the language of the neighbour country : tools for mainstream primary education in the Slovenian-Italian border areaIrina Moira Cavaion, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article presents two central tools for teaching neighbour languages in border areas within the didactic framework of the Contact-Based-(Neighbour-)Language-Learning-andTeaching method (CoBLaLT, Cavaion 2015; 2016; 2019), namely a teacher’s guide to contact-based neighbour language teaching and the digital portfolio ‘My multimedia autobiography of crossborder contacts’ for pupils aged 11 to 15. They were developed as part of a postdoctoral project between 2017-2019 in the Italian-Slovenian border region. The article highlights the importance of making language teaching research a collaborative process between a strong scientific and professional community that thus fosters innovation and effectiveness of methods and contents in neighbour language learning.
Ključne besede: neighbourg langages, teaching, learning, multilingual border region, linguistic autobiography, European language policy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.04.2022; Ogledov: 531; Prenosov: 282
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145. Gibanje teologije osvoboditve : geneza, razcvet in zatonIgor Jurekovič, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Zametki latinskoameriške teologije osvoboditve kot družbenega gibanja sega-jo v 50. leta minulega stoletja. Gibanje je nato počasi rastlo do svojega vrhunca v začetku 70. let 20. stoletja. Sledeč relacijski sociologiji Pierra Bourdieuja, trdimo, da so formaciji gibanja botrovali tako objektivno-strukturni družbeni pogoji kakor tudi primerna percepcija družbenih akterjev. Med ključnimi družbenimi pogoji, na katere se osredotoča prispevek, so industrializacija latinske Amerike, institucionalna kriza latinskoameriške RKC, drugi vatikanski koncil, nastajajoča intelektualna neodvisnost celine ter izoblikovanje v Evropi in ZDA izobraženih teologov osvoboditve. Razcvetu gibanja v začetku 70. let je sledila odločna sprva notranja, nato pa tudi vatikanska konservativna restavracija, ki je v dobrem desetletju uspela uspešno zatreti gibanje teologije osvoboditve. Ob upoštevanju končne predstavitve zatona teologije osvoboditve se kot nastavek za nadaljnje raziskovanje ponudi priljubljenost binkoštnega protestantizma, gibanja, ki se opazno povečuje v zadnjih 30 letih, sočasno s pojavom neoliberalnih strukturnih reform na globalnem jugu.
Ključne besede: teologija osvoboditve, družbena gibanja, katoliška cerkev, Latinska Amerika, sociologija religije
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2022; Ogledov: 591; Prenosov: 339
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146. Krščanstvo in marksizem : bližina in razlikeIgor Škamperle, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Članek pokaže bližino krščanstva in marksizma, ki se izraža v zavzemanju za svobodnega človeka in pravično družbo. Razlikujeta pa se pri pojmovanju človeške osebe in v razumevanju končne destinacije človeka, ki v krščanstvu ostaja odprta ter pomeni prestop v večno božjo ljubezen in poveličanje, za marksizem pa je ta vizija imanentna, omejena na predmetni svet in pravično družbo. Oba nazora prihajata v konflikt, ker nastopata kot vera, pri čemer želi krščanstvo spremeniti predvsem človeka, marksizem pa ves svet.
Ključne besede: filozofija kulture, krščanstvo, marksizem
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2022; Ogledov: 726; Prenosov: 383
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147. Poudarki dialoga med kristjani in marksisti na Slovenskem v 80. letih 20. stoletjaAnja Zalta, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Prispevek izpostavi (nekatere) poudarke dialoga med t. i. marksisti in katoličani v 80. letih 20. stoletja na Slovenskem. Osrednja os razprave se vrti okoli (razumevanja) metode historičnega materializma in naglaševanja marksizma kot svetovnega nazora. Na podlagi predstavitve zgodovinskega ozadja, predvsem odnosa Cerkve in papeških stališč do socializma in posledično do marksizma in komunizma, ter vprašanja rekatolizacije, se prispevek posveti teološkim odzivom na historični materializem. Izhajajoč iz konteksta protikomunistične restavracije ostaja posebej problematična retorika "kulturnega boja" kot spopada med dvema svetovnima nazoroma, ki posledično prinaša in utrjuje ideje, da gre pri marksizmu in (katoliški) religioznosti prav za takšen spopad. Članek problematizira tovrstne pozicije, hkrati pa pokaže na pomen vpeljave metode historičnega materializma, ki jo je (do neke mere) posvojila socialistična teologija mariborskega pomožnega škofa Vekoslava Grmiča in njegovega kroga.
Ključne besede: marksizem, katolicizem, socialistična teologija, historični materializem, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2022; Ogledov: 554; Prenosov: 349
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149. Review of Carool Kersten, Contemporary thought in the Muslim world : trends, themes, and issues. London and New York: Routledge, 2019, 218 pp.Maja Bjelica, 2020, recenzija, prikaz knjige, kritika Ključne besede: islam, sodobna muslimanska misel, intelektualci, modernizacija, nacionalizmi, balkanske države
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2022; Ogledov: 481; Prenosov: 285
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150. Christian-Muslim women in religious peacebuilding, breaking cycles of violenceNadja Furlan-Štante, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In a broader context, the main focus of this paper is the question of wom-en%s religious peacebuilding, which is understood in its widest sense, in terms of women%s active participation in building liberating theologies and societies. It is about the promotion of the full humanity of women. While elaborating this theme, the paper takes up Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite%s assertion that the %violence against women is the largest and longest global war.% Just peacemak-ing is very much an interfaith and interreligious work and should be placed as a crucial starting point of the urge for transformation of %violent% theologies and living everyday praxis. While women have been marginalised from peacebuild-ing generally, the emerging field of religious peacebuilding has been particularly challenging for women. The liberating theme of this paper is illumination of the ambivalence of invisibility and marginality of women in religious peacebuilding, good practices and future issues.
Ključne besede: religion, women, religious peace-building, interreligious dialogue, obstacles, good practices
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2022; Ogledov: 447; Prenosov: 323
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