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Povzetek: Background: Neuromuscular dysfunction is common in older adults and more pronounced in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD), a complex set of factors often prevents the effective performance of activities of daily living that require intact and simultaneous performance of the motor and cognitive tasks. Methods: The cross-sectional study includes a multifactorial mixed-measure design. Between-subject factor grouping the sample will be Parkinson’s Disease (early PD vs. healthy). The within-subject factors will be the task complexity (single- vs. dual-task) in each motor activity, i.e., overground walking, semi-tandem stance, and isometric knee extension, and a walking condition (wide vs. narrow lane) will be implemented for the overground walking activity only. To study dual-task (DT) effects, in each motor activity participants will be given a secondary cognitive task, i.e., a visual discrimination task for the overground walking, an attention task for the semi-tandem, and mental arithmetic for the isometric extension. Analyses of DT effects and underlying neuronal correlates will focus on both gait and cognitive performance where applicable. Based on an a priori sample size calculation, a total N = 42 older adults (55-75 years) will be recruited. Disease-specific changes such as laterality in motor unit behavior and cortical control of movement will be studied with high-density surface electromyography and electroencephalography during static and dynamic motor activities, together with whole-body kinematics. Discussion: This study will be one of the first to holistically address early PD neurophysiological and neuromuscular patterns in an ecologically valid environment under cognitive-motor DT conditions of different complexities. The outcomes of the study aim to identify the biomarker for early PD either at the electrophysiological, muscular or kinematic level or in the communication between these systems.
Ključne besede: Parkinson's disease, mobile brain imaging, body brain imaging, MoBi, dual tasking, neuromuscular function, older adults
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.09.2023; Ogledov: 65; Prenosov: 23
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Povzetek: Background: In the last three decades, both medical and sports science professionals have recognized the considerable potential of digital-based interventions (DBI) to enhance the health-related outcomes of their practitioners.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and potential moderators of DBI on measures of muscular strength.Methods: Six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SportDiscus, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies up to June 2022. The GRADE, PEDRO, and TIDieR checklists were used to assess the quality of evidence, methodology, and completeness of intervention descriptions, respectively.Results: A total of 56 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 2346), and participants were classified as healthy (n = 918), stroke survivors (n = 572), diagnosed with other neurological disorders (n = 683), and frail (n = 173). The DBI showed a small effect (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.28, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.31; p < 0.001) on strength, regardless of the type of intervention, control group, or tested body part. More specifically, while splitting the studies into different subgroups, a meta-analysis of 19 studies (n = 918) showed a small effect (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.63; p = 0.003) on strength in the asymptomatic population. Similarly, small but positive effects of DBI were observed for stroke survivors (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.56; p = 0.002), patients diagnosed with other neurological disorders (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.32; p = 0.021), and the frail population (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.5; p = 0.051). Sub-group analysis and meta-regression revealed that neither variable modified the effects of the DBI on measures of strength.Conclusions: Overall, DBI may serve as an effective method to improve measures of strength in adults, regardless of their health status as well as the type of digital device, the presence of human-computer interaction, and the age of participants. In addition, the DBI was found to be more effective than traditional training or rehabilitation methods.
Ključne besede: cognitive training, physical function, strength, neurodegenerative disorders, older adults
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.08.2023; Ogledov: 105; Prenosov: 39
Celotno besedilo (1,87 MB)
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Povzetek: Priročnik Ribiške zgodbe v šoli je namenjen predvsem osnovnošolskim učiteljicam in učiteljem tretje triade, ki bi želeli dopolniti, razširiti in poglobiti vsebine, predvidene v okviru nekaterih obveznih in izbirnih predmetov (etnologija – kulturna dediščina in načini življenja, zgodovina – odkrivajmo preteklost svojega kraja, geografija – raziskovanje domačega kraja (šolskega okoliša) in varstvo njegovega okolja, pa tudi slovenščina in italijanščina …). Ker je bilo ob omenjeni analizi obstoječih učnih načrtov mogoče opaziti izrazito pomanjkanje vsebin, povezanih z (morskim) ribištvom in življenjem ob morju, so v nadaljevanju navedeni nekateri predlogi za intenzivnejše vključevanje obmorskih vsebin v učni proces. Opisani so primeri tematsko prepletenih, toda ločenih učnih enot (o ribištvu, ribiški dediščini, zgodovini predelave rib v obmorskih mestih, terminologiji, povezani z ribištvom, kulinariki v povezavi s floro in favno Sredozemlja in podobne teme), v katerih so poleg okvirne vsebine določeni tudi operativni cilji, način dela, možnosti medpredmetnih povezav ter dodatna gradiva in delovni listi za uspešen izobraževalni proces, kar učiteljicam in učiteljem olajša pripravo učnih ur, načrtovanje projektnega dela in tudi dodatnih pedagoških dejavnosti. Seveda so ti predlogi navedeni samo kot smernice, ki jih učiteljice in učitelji lahko poljubno preoblikujejo.
Ključne besede: prehrambna kultura, prehrambna industrija, ribe, konzerviranje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.07.2023; Ogledov: 120; Prenosov: 65
Celotno besedilo (1,80 MB)
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Povzetek: The primary goal of the symposium is to analyse and establish links between theological and ethical perspectives on the environment, on the one hand, and digital technologies, on the other. The starting point is the increasing intertwinement of natural and digital environments for contemporary and future life on our planet. The development and increasing use of advanced digital technologies and artificial intelligence raise several challenging ethical questions. Understanding these challenges and formulating theologically reflective responses to them are important aspects of digital theology, as defined by Peter Phillips, Kyle Schiefelbein-Guerrero and John Kurlberg (2019). Digital culture is the context within which we increasingly do theology, thus, digital theology impacts both theology as a discipline and digital culture within which we live. This symposium draws upon, contributes to, and brings together the fields of theology, philosophy, sociology of religion, anthropology of religion, philosophy of technology, and digital humanities. More precisely it brings together methodologies and epistemologies from Creation theology, eco-theology, eco-feminism, theological anthropology, philosophical theology, post-metaphysical philosophy of religion, digital philosophy and cosmotheology, philosophy and ethics of AI, and human-machine relationships. It also addresses questions raised by digital theology through the lenses of the alternative theologies of pantheism, panentheism and panpsychism.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.07.2023; Ogledov: 142; Prenosov: 49
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Povzetek: Physical inactivity represents a heavy burden for modern societies and is spreading worldwide, it is a recognised pandemic and is the fourth cause of global mortality. Not surprisingly, there is an increasing interest in longitudinal studies on the impact of reduced physical activity on different physiological systems. This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of step reduction (SR), an experimental paradigm that involves a sudden decrease in participants’ habitual daily steps to a lower level, mimicking the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Analogous animal models of reduced physical activity, namely the “wheel-lock” and the “cage reduction” models, which can provide the foundation for human studies, are also discussed. The empirical evidence obtained thus far shows that even brief periods of reduced physical activity can lead to substantial alterations in skeletal muscle health and metabolic function. In particular, decrements in lean/muscle mass, muscle function, muscle protein synthesis, cardiorespiratory fitness, endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, together with an increased fat mass and inflammation, have been observed. Exercise interventions seem particularly effective for counteracting these pathophysiological alterations induced by periods of reduced physical activity. A direct comparison of SR with other human models of unloading, such as bed rest and lower limb suspension/immobilisation, is presented. In addition, we propose a conceptual framework aiming to unravel the mechanisms of muscle atrophy and insulin resistance in the specific context of reduced ambulatory activity. Finally, methodological considerations, knowledge gaps and future directions for both animal and human models are also discussed in the review.
Ključne besede: physical inactivity, cage reduction, insulin sensitivity, muscle atrophy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.06.2023; Ogledov: 113; Prenosov: 56
Celotno besedilo (6,91 MB)
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