1. Comparative analyses of molecular detection protocols for grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in Xiphinema indexJulija Polanšek, Aljoša Beber, Irena Mavrič Pleško, Myriam Claeys, Wim Bert, Saša Širca, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study evaluated different approaches for detecting grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in its nematode vector, Xiphinema index, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Four sample preparation strategies were compared, each based on a distinct approach and tested under identical conditions. Two approaches involved RNA extraction prior to RT-PCR: column-based RNA extraction (using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit) and magnetic bead-based RNA extraction (using the MagMAX RNA Isolation Kit). The other two methods were tested without RNA extraction prior to RTPCR: direct RT-PCR and brief heat treatment. Samples containing one, two or five nematodes from three different vineyards were analysed to assess the effect of sample size on the efficiency of GFLV detection in X. index. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of GFLV-like particles in the anterior region of individual adult females of X. index, supporting the molecular detection results. Among the tested methods, column-based RNA extraction using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit showed the highest detection probability and most consistent performance under the conditions evaluated, including samples containing one or two adult females of X. index. Detection success increased with higher nematode numbers, with a more pronounced effect observed for methods without prior RNA extraction. These results demonstrate that both sample preparation strategy and nematode number influence GFLV detection efficiency in vector populations and highlight the importance of optimised sample preparation and sampling strategies for reliable GFLV detection, with potential applications in vineyard monitoring, replanting and phytosanitary management.
Ključne besede: GFLV, Grapevine fanleaf virus, Xiphinema index, Nepovirus, Virology, Nematology, TEM, Transmission electron microscopy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.09.2026; Ogledov: 34; Prenosov: 29
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2. The organic-conventional trade-off: Grain yield, nutritional composition and quality traits across diverse cereals : grain yield, nutritional composition and quality traits across diverse cerealsLovro Sinkovič, Hajer Ben Ammar, Marianna Rakszegi, Péter Mikó, Barbara Pipan, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study evaluated the effects of conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) management on grain yield, nutritional composition and quality traits of winter barley, winter spelt, spring oat and winter wheat over a three- year field experiment. The aim was to identify species-specific productivity-quality relationships and determine the relative contributions of management and seasonal variation to cereal performance. Across all species, CONV management consistently maximised grain yield, with winter barley reaching 7.03 t ha 1 with 3.33 t ha 1 under ORG, and winter wheat producing 6.43 versus 3.17 t ha 1 under CONV compared , respectively. In contrast, ORG management enhanced grain nutritional quality by increasing micronutrient concentrations, particularly Zn, Cu, Fe and Mo; for example, winter wheat under ORG accumulated 39.54 mg kg 1 under CONV, while spring oat exceeded 79 mg kg 1 Zn compared with 26.98 mg kg 1 Fe under ORG conditions. Among the cereals studied, conventional hulled winter barley showed the highest β-glucan content, kernel width and thousand-kernel weight, whereas spring oat had higher fat, fibre and dry matter concentrations. Multivariate analyses showed that species identity was the main determinant of grain quality architecture, substantially outweighing management effects, while year significantly influenced most traits, reflecting strong genotype × environment × management interactions. The findings highlight the need to integrate cereal species selection, productivity and both concentration- and area-based nutritional indicators when designing sustainable cereal production systems.
Ključne besede: cereals, grain yield, multi-year field experiment, micronutrients, β-glucan, proteins, nutritional quality, CONV
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.09.2026; Ogledov: 99; Prenosov: 67
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5. Calculating balance of cumulative non-fossil methane emissions over consecutive or non-consecutive periods of livestock productionŽan Pečnik, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Methane (CH4) emissions from livestock production are conventionally reported as annual methane emissions (AME) or converted to carbon dioxide equivalents. However, these assessments cannot determine the methane burden or removal in the atmosphere, as they do not account for continuous methane removal and short-term accumulation. Consequently, they may obscure the identification of livestock (sub)sectors or (sub)populations with methane burden or removal, thereby limiting optimal mitigation efforts. Here, a novel method is developed and demonstrated to calculate the balance of cumulative non-fossil methane emissions (BME) over consecutive or non-consecutive livestock production periods, considering the atmospheric methane decay. Two BME approaches are defined: BME with a chain base (BMEC), which allows comparison of two cumulative methane emissions (CME) in consecutive years i and i + 1; and BME with a fixed base (BMEF), which allows comparison of CME in year j (where j can range from -∞ to ∞) with a fixed CME in year i. The average BMEF for Slovenian dairy cows and non-dairy cattle between 2018 and 2022, compared to the fixed year 2001, was −46.45 kt CH4 and 19.76 kt CH4, indicating a long-term methane removal and burden, respectively, from these sectors. For practical use, BMEC and BMEF can be applied across livestock farming systems to assess and monitor short-term and long-term efficiency, respectively, in any (sub)sector or (sub)population. In addition, BME provides a template for developing novel tools for farmers and enables the incorporation of reduced AME through methane mitigation measures.
Ključne besede: emissions, livestock, methane decay, methods, mitigation, tools
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.08.2026; Ogledov: 230; Prenosov: 1331
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6. Syntaxonomy and functional diversity of Buddleja davidii‑(co) dominated plant communities in EuropeAzra Šabić, Jernej Jogan, Juan Antonio Campos, Wolfgang Willner, Urban Šilc, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Buddleja davidii Franch. is a Chinese ornamental plant that has become successfully naturalised and potentially invasive in most of Europe over the past century. Regarded as a species of unstable and disturbed sites, its ecological niche, invasiveness, and syntaxonomy have often been overlooked. In this study, we examined plant communities in which the species occurs in Slovenia and Europe using multivariate methods, focusing on differences in their ecology, taxonomical and functional diversity. To evaluate the invasiveness potential of B. davidii in communities it inhabits, we tested the extent to which its cover explains variation in Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index, evenness, disturbance severity and frequency indices, proportions of life forms, Grime’s life strategies and neophytes’ cover and number, using linear regression. Our results show that B. davidii has its ecological optimum in various types of shrub communities, primarily in riparian zones and abandoned quarries, which represent newly proposed subassociations of the typical Buddlejetum association. Communities with B. davidii can withstand varying levels of disturbance and generally consist of species with a competitive life strategy, while the most dominant life forms are hemicryptophytes and phanerophytes. Increasing cover of B. davidii accounted for little variation in taxonomical and functional diversity, and this effect was the most prominent in riparian shrub communities, followed by the Buddlejetum association and communities on wall crevices. Occurrences in different plant communities confirm the species’ ecological plasticity, whereas its invasiveness is relative, due to its limited relationship with the diversity parameters.
Ključne besede: butterfly bush, classification, disturbance, diversity, invasive species, life strategies, vegetation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.08.2026; Ogledov: 235; Prenosov: 134
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7. Scientific criteria and guidelines for identifying, reporting, interpreting and connecting volatilomics data with meat flavor development and their related quality traitsMónica Flores, Mohammed Gagaoua, Eric N. Ponnampalam, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, 2026, pregledni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: pigs, meat flavor, pork quality, quality traits, volatilomics data, complex sensory attribute
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.08.2026; Ogledov: 176; Prenosov: 166
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8. Evaluating 20% and 40% inclusion of sugary former foods in pig diets : effects on growth performance, feeding behaviour, carcass and meat quality traitsMarjeta Čandek-Potokar, Martin Škrlep, Klavdija Poklukar Žnidaršič, Patrick Schlegel, Giuseppe Bee, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Former food products (FFP) are food industry leftovers that can be used as feed ingredients. We investigated the effects of sugary FFP on growth, feeding behaviour, carcass and meat quality of pigs fattened to a heavy weight. Three inclusion levels were tested: 0% (FFP‐0 = control), 20% (FFP‐20) and 40% (FFP‐40) FFP in grower (20–60 kg BW), finisher 1 (60–100 kg BW) and finisher 2 (100–140 kg BW) phase. A total of 36 castrated pigs were used, with 12 pigs within a litter assigned to each treatment, housed in a single pen equipped with automatic feeders that allowed recording of individual (ad libitum) feed intake at each visit. The pigs were slaughtered in two batches at the age of 190.9 ± 1.5 days and BW of 144.7 ± 8.8 kg. At slaughter, carcass weight, longissimus dorsi (LD) pH and carcass traits were measured. The following day, body composition of carcasses was determined using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and then carcasses were dissected into primal cuts, and meat quality was assessed. Data were analysed with SASV9.4 (PROC MIXED), with diet as a fixed effect and litter (dam) as a random effect in the model. Linear effects of sugary FFP inclusion were tested. In the grower period, daily feed intake and daily gain decreased with increasing sugary FFP inclusion. In finisher periods, a tendency towards lower daily feed intake was observed with increasing sugary FFP inclusion, which did not affect daily gain, but led to better feed conversion in the finisher II period. In the grower period, no differences in feeding behaviour were observed, while in finisher II period, FFP‐20 pigs spent the shortest time at the feeder, consumed more feed per minute, had a longer interval between visits, but tended to go to the feeder more often than the FFP‐0 or FFP‐40 pigs. Compared to control, the sugary FFP inclusion was associated with increased carcass protein and water and decreased fat content, in line with thinner backfat. The decrease in ultimate pH and CIE (Commission Internationale d'Eclairage) colour parameter L* of LD were the only significant effects on meat quality. The backfat fatty acid composition was affected by sugary FFP inclusion (more monounsaturated fatty acids and less polyunsaturated fatty acids with higher Σn6:Σn3 ratio). In summary, the sugary FFP inclusion of up to 40% had a limited effect on growth performance and meat quality but resulted in less deposition of fat and altered adipose tissue fatty acids profile.
Ključne besede: pig, carcass composition, meat and fat quality, performances, sugary former foods
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.08.2026; Ogledov: 175; Prenosov: 128
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9. Honeybee ancestral alleles : datasetJana Obšteter, 2026, raziskovalni podatki Povzetek: We used Cactus (Armstrong et al., 2020) to align the reference genomes of Apis mellifera (Amel_HAv3.1, GCF_003254395.2), Apis cerana (ACSNU-2.0, GCF_001442555.1), Apis dorsata (Apis dorsata 1.3, GCF_000469605.1), and Apis florea (Aflo_1.1, GCF_000184785.3). We inferred the ancestral alleles using est-sfs (Keightley and Jackson, 2018) with the focal species (Apis mellifera) allele count extracted from a publicly available honeybee dataset AmelHap (Parejo et al., 2023). The analysis included 9,044,473 SNPs that were common between the sites aligned in the multiple whole-genome alignment and the AmelHap VCF file. We obtained ancestral allele information for 8,757,847 sites.
Ključne besede: honey bee, ancestral allele, population genetics, demography, passive sampling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 164; Prenosov: 109
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