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Povzetek: A study of the phytochemical and molecular characteristics of ten Micromeria and six Clinopodium taxa (family Lamiaceae) distributed in the Balkan Peninsula was carried out. The phytochemicals detected in essential oils by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and molecular data amplified fragment length polymorphism were used to study the taxonomic relationships among the taxa and the correlations between phytochemical and molecular data. STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic groups, while Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure grouped the studied taxa into 11 clusters nested in the groups obtained by STRUCTURE. Principal components analysis performed with the 21 most represented compounds in the essential oils yielded results that were partly consistent with those obtained by STRUCTURE and neighbour-joining analyses. However, their geographic distributions did not support the genetic grouping of the studied taxa and populations. The Mantel test showed a significant correlation between the phytochemical and genetic data (r = 0.421, p < 0.001). Genetic distance explained 17.8% of the phytochemical distance between populations. The current taxonomic position of several of the studied taxa is yet to be satisfactorily resolved, and further studies are needed. Such future research should include nuclear and plastid DNA sequences from a larger sample of populations and individuals.
Ključne besede: AFLP, Balkan peninsula, BAPS, essential oils, Mantel test, PCA, structure
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.03.2023; Ogledov: 418; Prenosov: 202
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Povzetek: European wildlife has been subjected to intensifying levels of anthropogenic impact throughout the Holocene, yet the main genetic partitioning of many species is thought to still reflect the late-Pleistocene glacial refugia. We analyzed 26,342 nuclear SNPs of 464 wild boar (Sus scrofa) across the European continent to infer demographic history and reassess the genetic consequences of natural and anthropogenic forces. We found that population fragmentation, inbreeding and recent hybridization with domestic pigs have caused the spatial genetic structure to be heterogeneous at the local scale. Underlying local anthropogenic signatures, we found a deep genetic structure in the form of an arch-shaped cline extending from the Dinaric Alps, via Southeastern Europe and the Baltic states, to Western Europe and, finally, to the genetically diverged Iberian peninsula. These findings indicate that, despite considerable anthropogenic influence, the deeper, natural continental structure is still intact. Regarding the glacial refugia, our findings show a weaker signal than generally assumed, but are nevertheless suggestive of two main recolonization routes, with important roles for Southern France and the Balkans. Our results highlight the importance of applying genomic resources and framing genetic results within a species’ demographic history and geographic distribution for a better understanding of the complex mixture of underlying processes.
Ključne besede: spatial genetic structure, European wild boar, demographic history
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.02.2023; Ogledov: 339; Prenosov: 205
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Ključne besede: pig, pig breeds, mutations, causal mutations, candidate mutations, genetic structure, pig morphological traits, productive traits, meat quality, reproductive traits, disease resistance traits
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.09.2022; Ogledov: 452; Prenosov: 0

Povzetek: V tej študiji smo preučili morfološke, kemijske in strukturne podrobnosti tetraedrsko oblikovanih kristalov pirita iz rudnika Jean Baptiste v Lavrionu. Pirit se pojavlja v treh generacijah. Prvo predstavljajo tetraedrski levo oziroma desno sučni kristali z najnižjo kubično 23 simetrijo. V tej generaciji so dvojčki z višjo kubično m_3 in heksagonalno 6 simetrijo. Vsi kristali druge generacije so že primarno zdvojčeni do kubične_4m3 simetrije. Nekateri pa se dvojčijo še naprej dokler ne dosežejo najvišje kubične m_3m ali heksagonalne 6mm simetrije. Kristali tretje generacije neorientirano prekrivajo kristale druge generacije. Kemijska analiza potrjuje kemijsko čist pirit, monokristalna rentgenska analiza kristalov prve in druge generacije pa za pirit značilno m_3 simetrijo. Očitno je torej, da morfološke oblike posameznih kristalov in dvojčkov kažejo na to, da imajo najnižjo kubično simetrijo, česar pa strukturna analiza ne potrjuje. Ta diskrepanca je lahko posledica spremenjenih pT pogojev in posledične transformacije prvotne strukture pirita s simetrijo 23 v sekundarno strukturo z m_3 simetrijo ali pa neoptimalnih pogojev pri določitvi strukture z rentgensko difrakcijo.
Ključne besede: Lavrion, pyrite, morphology, tetrahedral crystals, twins, point group 23, crystal structure
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.07.2022; Ogledov: 645; Prenosov: 259
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Povzetek: Environmental conditions affect tree-ring width (TRW), wood structure, and, consequently, wood density, which is one of the main wood quality indicators. Although studies on inter- and intra-annual variability in tree-ring features or density exist, studies demonstrating a clear link between wood structure on a cellular level and its effect on wood density on a macroscopic level are rare. Norway spruce with its simple coniferous structure and European beech, a diffuse-porous angiosperm species were selected to analyze these relationships. Increment cores were collected from both species at four sites in Slovenia. In total, 24 European beech and 17 Norway spruce trees were sampled. In addition, resistance drilling measurements were performed just a few centimeters above the increment core sampling. TRW and quantitative wood anatomy measurements were performed on the collected cores. Resistance drilling density values, tree-ring (TRW, earlywood width–EWW, transition-TWW, and latewood width–LWW) and wood-anatomical features (vessel/tracheid area and diameter, cell density, relative conductive area, and cell wall thickness) were then averaged for the first 7 cm of measurements. We observed significant relationships between tree-ring and wood-anatomical features in both spruce and beech. In spruce, the highest correlation values were found between TRW and LWW. In beech, the highest correlations were observed between TRW and cell density. There were no significant relationships between wood-anatomical features and resistance drilling density in beech. However, in spruce, a significant negative correlation was found between resistance drilling density and tangential tracheid diameter, and a positive correlation between resistance drilling density and both TWW + LWW and LWW. Our findings suggest that resistance drilling measurements can be used to evaluate differences in density within and between species, but they should be improved in resolution to be able to detect changes in wood anatomy.
Ključne besede: wood structure, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, quantitative wood anatomy, xylem anatomy, wood density, increment borer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.04.2022; Ogledov: 609; Prenosov: 443
Celotno besedilo (3,23 MB)
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