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Povzetek: Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between physical characteristics and performance in young alpine skiers in the Super-G discipline. Methods: A sample of 42 U16 alpine skiing competitors (23 boys and 19 girls) aged 14-15 years participated in the study. The physical characteristics were measured using the Inbody 720 Body Composition Analysis and 3D Body Scan devices. Performance data was obtained from official records of the Ski Association of Slovenia for the 2018/19 U16 competitive season. Variables such as body height, body weight, thigh circumference, waist circumference, chest circumference, shoulder circumference, muscle mass percentage, fat mass percentage, body mass index, and body fat percentage were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between the physical characteristics and Super-G performance. Results: Significant correlations were found between body weight, thigh circumference, chest circumference, muscle mass percentage, and Super-G performance in boys. For girls, waist circumference, chest circumference, and body fat percentage were significantly correlated with performance. The multiple regression model explained 73% of the variance in the boys’ performance and 59% in the girls’, although the model itself was not statistically significant for predicting performance. Conclusion: Physical characteristics, especially muscle mass percentage and body circumferences, are significantly associated with Super-G performance in young alpine skiers. These findings underscore the importance of tailored training programs that consider individual physical characteristics to optimize competitive success in alpine skiing.
Ključne besede: alpine skiing, Super-G, physical characteristics, young athletes, body composition, performance indicators
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.03.2025; Ogledov: 261; Prenosov: 129
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Povzetek: Aim: Marginal tree populations, either those located at the edges of the species' rangeor in suboptimal environments, are often a valuable genetic resource for biologicalconservation. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the genetic consequencesof population marginality, estimated across entire species' ranges. Our study ad-dresses this gap by providing information about several genetic indicators and theirvariability in marginal and core populations identified using quantitative marginalityindices.Location: Southwestern Europe and North Africa.Methods: Using 10,185 SNPs across 82 populations of maritime pine (Pinus pinasterAit.), a widespread conifer characterised by a fragmented range, we modelled therelationship of seven genetic indicators potentially related to population evolution-ary resilience, namely genetic diversity (based on both all SNPs and outlier SNPs),inbreeding, genetic differentiation, recessive genetic load and genomic offset, withpopulation geographical, demo-historical and ecological marginality (as estimated bynine quantitative indices). Models were constructed for both regional (introducinggene pool as a random factor) and range-wide spatial scales.Results: We showed a trend towards decreasing overall genetic diversity and increas-ing differentiation with geographic marginality, supporting the centre-periphery hy-pothesis (CPH). However, we found no correlation between population inbreedingand marginality, while geographically marginal populations had a lower recessive ge-netic load (only models without the gene pool effect). Ecologically marginal popula-tions had a higher genomic offset, suggesting higher maladaptation to future climate,albeit some of these populations also had high genetic diversity for climate outliers.Main Conclusions: Overall genetic diversity (but not outlier-based estimates) and dif-ferentiation patterns support the CPH. Ecologically marginal populations and those atthe southern edge could be more vulnerable to climate change due to higher climate maladaptation, as predicted by genomic offsets, and/or lower potentially adaptive ge-netic diversity. This risk is exacerbated by typically small effective population sizesand increasing human impact in marginal populations.
Ključne besede: population genetics, conservation genetics, marginal populations, Pinus pinaster, genetic indicators
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.08.2024; Ogledov: 574; Prenosov: 677
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Povzetek: Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused by various aquatic microalgae, pose significant risks to ecosystems, some socio-economic activities and human health. Traditionally managed as a public health issue through reactive control measures such as beach closures, seafood trade bans or closure of mollusc production areas, the multifaceted linkages of HABs with environmental and socio-economic factors require more comprehensive ecosystem-based management approach tools to support policies. This study promotes a coordinated understanding and implementation of HAB assessment and management under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), targeting the achievement of Good Environmental Status (GES) in European marine waters. We introduce two novel tools: GES4HABs (GES for HABs) decision tree, and MAMBO (environMental mAtrix for the Management of BlOoms), a decision support matrix. These tools aim to streamline HABs reporting and prioritize resource allocation and management interventions. The GES4HABs decision tree defines a sequence of decision steps to identify HAB management strategies according to their state (evaluated against predefined baselines) and causes (anthropic or natural). MAMBO is proposed to address different HABs and their interaction with human and environmental pressures. The matrix utilizes two axes: natural trophic status and level of human influence, capturing major aspects such as nutrient supply. While acknowledging the limitations of this simplified framework, MAMBO categorizes marine regions into quadrants of varying management viability. Regions with high human influence and eutrophic conditions are identified as most suitable for effective management intervention, whereas regions with minimal or mixed human influence are deemed less amenable to active management. In addition, we explore and describe various indicators, monitoring methods and initiatives that may be relevant to support assessments of HAB status and associated pressures and impacts in the MSFD reporting. Finally, we provide some recommendations to promote the consideration of HABs in ecosystem-based management strategies, intensify efforts for harmonizing and defining best practices of analysis, monitoring and assessment methodologies, and foster international and cross-sectoral coordination to optimize resources, efforts and roles.
Ključne besede: decision support tools, ecosystem-based management, indicators, marine monitoring, eutrophication, marine biotoxins, environmental assessment, pressures and impacts
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Ogledov: 585; Prenosov: 471
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Povzetek: Despite the increasing urban and industrial development in coastal areas our knowledge on direct consequences of coastal modifications on benthic communities is still limited. The aim of the present study was to assess the response of rocky macrozoobenthos mediolittoral communities to human-induced hydromorphological pressures. Sampling was carried out by SCUBA diving and snorkeling in June 2008. Ten sites were selected along a gradient of hydromorphological alterations in the southern part of the Gulf of Trieste. Variables used to describe the stressor gradient were: water retention (from normal hydrology in unprotected coast to closed areas with only one opening), substrate composition, texture and rugosity. Despite natural differences between upper and lower mediolittoral subbelts, the present work showed that human-induced alterations of the coastal zone impact biological assemblages. There was a marked difference in biodiversity among sites with pristine conditions and stressed zones, mainly due to evenness of species distribution. Structural complexity of the substrate resulted to be the main factor influencing benthic diversity in the upper mediolittoral subbelt, while in the lower subbelt also the human-induced water retention seemed to play a key role. Anyhow, this response was complex, and the major human-induced alterations considered had different level of pressure within the two subbelts. The current study has a good potential to contribute to existing coastal assessment methods, since the impact of hydromorphological pressures on mediolittoral communities was almost neglected in the past. However, further work is needed to fully explain the impact of main human-induced threats on benthic communities.
Ključne besede: sea, Zoobenthos, artificial substrata, intertidal environment, hydromorphological modifications, ecological distribution, coastal waters, biodiversity, bio-indicators, macrozoobenthos, rocky bottom, biocoenoses, ecological aspects, Gulf of Trieste
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.08.2024; Ogledov: 604; Prenosov: 365
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Povzetek: To determine the possibilities for the implementation of sustainable building indicators in Slovenia, testing of the first version of the indicators, developed in the CARE4CLIMATE project and based on the EU Level(s) framework, was carried out in 2022. Invited and interested stakeholders of the construction process were provided with video content and instructions on the Slovenian e-platform of sustainable building indicators. In addition, workshops and lectures with individual subjects were also performed. The final phase of the training and testing procedure included a questionnaire, which was used to obtain information about the participants' opinions regarding the indicators. The analysis of the results of the testing, which was focused on level 2, confirmed the key preliminary finding of the development group, namely that currently, due to the lack of certain knowledge, data, and tools, all indicators for this level are not yet feasible in practice. The research also highlighted the greater need for training and specialization of experts in this field. At the same time, it showed that the testing of the first version itself was a big challenge: only 30 experts fully participated and filled out the online questionnaire. This number seems alarmingly low at first glance, but compared to level(s) testing in the EU member states, it is much more than 50 times higher. However, for the further execution of the indicators in Slovenia, it will therefore be necessary to invest a lot of effort and engagement. It is likely that state support will also be needed, for example, in the form of financial mechanisms or incentives and/or legislative background.
Ključne besede: sustainability, building, indicators, implementation, testing, questionnaire
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.01.2024; Ogledov: 946; Prenosov: 411
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