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Iskalni niz: "ključne besede" (cancer) .

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1.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and the role of B vitamins in cancer
Nadja Plazar, Mihaela Jurdana, 2010, pregledni znanstveni članek

Ključne besede: homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, B vitamins, cancer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.03.2024; Ogledov: 4; Prenosov: 1
.pdf Celotno besedilo (780,94 KB)
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2.
Cancer cachexia-anorexia syndrome and skeletal muscle wasting
Mihaela Jurdana, 2009, pregledni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Cachexia-anorexia syndrome is a common and important indicator of cancer. It occurs in 30% to 80% of cancer patients. Cachexia means "bad condition" and may be present in the early stages of tumor growth, before any signs of malignancy. Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of progressive body wasting, characterized by loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. In most cancer patients, cachexia is characteriyed by anorexia, which implies a failure of food intake, regulated through a complex system of hormones and neuropeptides. A decline in food intake relative to energy expenditure is a fundamental physiologic derangement leading to cancer associated weight loss. The weight loss in patients with cachexia-anorexia syndrome differs from that in caloric starvation or anorexia nervosa. The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia is not fully understood; however, studies have shown that cytokines are important in the alteration of the carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Cancer, prolonged bed rest, HIV infection and aging are conditionsin which muscle wasting is a common feature. An intervention that may potentially attenuate the progression of muscle wasting in cancer patientsis resistance exercise training, defined as multiple repetitions of static or dynamic muscular contractions that increase muscle mass. The main components of the pathological state of cachexia are anorexia and metabolic abnormalities such as fat depletion and muscle protein catabolism. Future developments may concentrate on the molecular abnormalities of cachexia and on examination of the functional benefit of resistance exercise training for cancer related muscle wasting.
Ključne besede: cancer cachexia, muscle wasting, cytokines, muscle
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.03.2024; Ogledov: 54; Prenosov: 21
.pdf Celotno besedilo (106,86 KB)

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Electrochemotherapy in mucosal cancer of the head and neck : a systematic review
Primož Strojan, Aleš Grošelj, Gregor Serša, Christina Caroline Plaschke, Jan B. Vermorken, Sandra Nuyts, Remco De Bree, Avraham Eisbruch, William M. Mendenhall, Robert Smee, Alfio Ferlito, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local ablative treatment that is based on the reversible electroporation and intracellular accumulation of hydrophilic drug molecules, which greatly increases their cytotoxicity. In mucosal head and neck cancer (HNC), experience with ECT is limited due to the poor accessibility of tumors. In order to review the experience with ECT in mucosal HNC, we undertook a systematic review of the literature. In 22 articles, published between 1998 and 2020, 16 studies with 164 patients were described. Curative and palliative intent treatment were given to 36 (22%) and 128 patients (78%), respectively. The majority of tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (79.3%) and located in the oral cavity (62.8%). In the curative intent group, complete response after one ECT treatment was achieved in 80.5% of the patients, and in the palliative intent group, the objective (complete and partial) response rate was 73.1% (31.2% and 41.9%). No serious adverse events were reported during or soon after ECT and late effects were rare (19 events in 17 patients). The quality-of-life assessments did not show a significant deterioration at 12 months post-ECT. Provided these preliminary data are confirmed in randomized controlled trials, ECT may be an interesting treatment option in selected patients with HNC not amenable to standard local treatment.
Ključne besede: electrochemotherapy, head and neck cancer, mucosal cancer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.09.2022; Ogledov: 513; Prenosov: 237
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,03 MB)
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5.
Trends in specialized palliative care referrals at an oncology center from 2007 to 2019
Lučka Boltežar, Barbara Jezeršek Novaković, Maja Ebert Moltara, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Ključne besede: palliative care, primary site of cancer, early referral
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.09.2022; Ogledov: 379; Prenosov: 219
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,80 MB)
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6.
Trends and timing of risk-reducing mastectomy uptake in unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers in Slovenia
Taja Ložar, Janez Žgajnar, Andraž Perhavec, Ana Blatnik, Srdjan Novaković, Mateja Krajc, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Objectives. Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) is one of key prevention strategies in female carriers of germline BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV). We retrospectively investigated the rate, timing and longitudinal trends of bilateral RRM uptake and the incidence and types of cancers among unaffected BRCA carriers who underwent genetic counseling at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in Slovenia. Materials and Methods. Female BRCA carriers without personal history of cancer were included in the study. Clinical data on PV/LPV type, date of RRM, type of reconstructive procedure, occult carcinoma and histopathology results was collected and analyzed. Results. Of the 346 unaffected BRCA carriers (median age 43 years, 70% BRCA1, 30% BRCA2, median follow-up 46 months) who underwent genetic testing between October 1999 and December 2019, 25.1% had a RRM (range 35-50 years, median age at surgery 38 years). A significant difference in time to prophylactic surgery between women undergoing RRM only vs. women undergoing RRM combined with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy was observed (22.6 vs 8.7 months, p=0.0009). We observed an upward trend in the annual uptake in line with the previously observed Angelina Jolie effect. In 5.7% of cases, occult breast cancer was detected. No women developed breast cancer after RRM. Women who did not opt for surgical prevention developed BRCA1/2-related cancers (9.3%). Conclusion. The uptake of RRM among unaffected BRCA carriers is 25.1% and is similar to our neighboring countries. No women developed breast cancer after RRM while women who did not opt for surgical prevention developed BRCA1/2 related cancers in 9.3% of cases. The reported data may provide meaningful aid for carriers when deciding on an optimal prevention strategy.
Ključne besede: risk-reducing mastectomy, breast cancer, BRCA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.09.2022; Ogledov: 406; Prenosov: 135
.pdf Celotno besedilo (593,94 KB)

7.
PARP inhibitor olaparib has a potential to increase the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer in mice
Maša Bošnjak, Tanja Jesenko, Boštjan Markelc, Larisa Janžič, Maja Čemažar, Gregor Serša, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a local therapy, has different effectiveness among tumor types. In breast can-cer, its effectiveness is low; therefore, combined therapies are needed. The aim of our study was to com-bine ECT with PARP inhibitor olaparib, which could inhibit the repair of bleomycin or cisplatin inducedDNA damage and potentiate the effectiveness of ECT. The effects of combined therapy were studied inBRCA1mutated (HCC1937) and non-mutated (HCC1143) triple negative breast cancer cell lines.Therapeutic effectiveness was studied in 2D and 3D cell cultures andin vivoon subcutaneousHCC1937 tumor model in mice. The underlying mechanism of combined therapy was determined withthe evaluation ofcH2AX foci. Combined therapy of ECT with bleomycin and olaparib potentiated theeffectiveness of ECT inBRCA1mutated HCC1937, but not in non-mutated HCC1143 cells. The combinedtherapy had a synergistic effect, which was due to the increased number of DNA double strand breaks.Addition of olaparib to ECT with bleomycinin vivoin HCC1937 tumor model had only minimal effect,indicating repetitive olaparib treatment would be needed. This study demonstrates that DNA repar inhibiting drugs, like olaparib, have the potential to increase the effectiveness of ECT with bleomycin.
Ključne besede: electrochemotherapy, breast cancer, olaparib, bleomycin
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.09.2022; Ogledov: 488; Prenosov: 168
.pdf Celotno besedilo (3,74 MB)

8.
BAP1-defficient breast cancer in a patient with BAP1 cancer syndrome
Ana Blatnik, Domen Ribnikar, Vita Šetrajčič Dragoš, Srdjan Novaković, Vida Stegel, Biljana Grčar-Kuzmanov, Nina Boc, Barbara Perić, Petra Škerl, Gašper Klančar, Mateja Krajc, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: BAP1 cancer syndrome is a rare and highly penetrant hereditary cancer predisposition. Uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and cutaneous melanoma are considered BAP1 cancer syndrome core cancers, whereas association with breast cancer has previously been suggested but not confirmed so far. In view of BAP1 immunomodulatory functions, BAP1 alterations could prove useful as possible biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in patients with BAP1-associated cancers. We present a case of a patient with BAP1 cancer syndrome who developed a metastatic breast cancer with loss of BAP1 demonstrated on immunohistochemistry. She carried a germline BAP1 likely pathogenic variant (c.898_899delAG p.(Arg300Glyfs*6)). In addition, tumor tissue sequencing identified a concurrent somatic variant in BAP1 (partial deletion of exon 12) and a low tumor mutational burden. As her triple negative tumor was shown to be PD-L1 positive, the patient was treated with combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel. She had a complete and sustained response to immunotherapy even after discontinuation of nab-paclitaxel. This case strengthens the evidence for including breast cancer in the BAP1 cancer syndrome tumor spectrum with implications for future cancer prevention programs. It also indicates immune checkpoint inhibitors might prove to be an effective treatment for BAP1-deficient breast cancer.
Ključne besede: BAP1, breast cancer, hereditary cancer syndromes, immunotherapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.09.2022; Ogledov: 411; Prenosov: 169
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,12 MB)

9.
Real-world testing practices, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients from Central Eastern Europe with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer : a retrospective chart review study (REFLECT)
Urška Janžič, Nina Turnšek, Mircea Dediu, Ivan Shterev Donev, Roxana Lupu, Gabriela Teodorescu, Tudor Ciuleanu, Adam Płużański, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFRm) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) changed the treatment paradigm. REFLECT study (NCT04031898) explored EGFR/T790M testing and treatment patterns in EGFRm NSCLC patients receiving first- or second-generation (1G/2G) EGFR TKIs as front-line (1L) in eight countries. Pooled data from Central Eastern Europe (CEE) countries from this study (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) are presented here. This physician-led chart review study was conducted in patients with confirmed-EGFRm NSCLC initiating 1L 1G/2G EGFR TKIs between 2015–2018. The CEE cohort included 389 patients receiving 1L erlotinib (37%), afatinib (34%), and gefitinib (29%). Overall, 320 (82%) patients discontinued 1L, and 298 (77%) progression events were registered. Median progression free survival on 1L TKIs was 14.0 (95% CI: 12.6–15.6) months. Median overall survival from 1L start was 26.6 (95% CI: 24.1–29.0) months. Attrition rate between 1L and next line was 30%. Among patients with 1L progression, 200 (67%) were tested for T790M and 58% were positive. This first CEE analysis of treatments and outcomes in EGFRm NSCLC patients highlights the importance of using the most efficacious therapies currently available in 1L to reduce attrition and improve patient outcomes.
Ključne besede: lung neoplasms, non-small cell lung carcinoma, Eastern Europe, real-world study, REFLECT study, epidermal growth factor receptor, lung cancer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.09.2022; Ogledov: 469; Prenosov: 188
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10.
Identification of spliceogenic variants beyond canonical GT-AG splice sites in hereditary cancer genes
Vita Šetrajčič Dragoš, Ksenija Strojnik, Gašper Klančar, Petra Škerl, Vida Stegel, Ana Blatnik, Marta Banjac, Mateja Krajc, Srdjan Novaković, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in susceptibility genes that interrupt RNA splicing are a well-documented mechanism of hereditary cancer syndromes development. However, if RNA studies are not performed, most of the variants beyond the canonical GT-AG splice site are characterized as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). To decrease the VUS burden, we have bioinformatically evaluated all novel VUS detected in 732 consecutive patients tested in the routine genetic counseling process. Twelve VUS that were predicted to cause splicing defects were selected for mRNA analysis. Here, we report a functional characterization of 12 variants located beyond the first two intronic nucleotides using RNAseq in APC, ATM, FH, LZTR1, MSH6, PALB2, RAD51C, and TP53 genes. Based on the analysis of mRNA, we have successfully reclassified 50% of investigated variants. 25% of variants were downgraded to likely benign, whereas 25% were upgraded to likely pathogenic leading to improved clinical management of the patient and the family members.
Ključne besede: hereditary cancer, RNA sequencing, spliceogenic
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.09.2022; Ogledov: 439; Prenosov: 231
.pdf Celotno besedilo (778,18 KB)
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