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Povzetek: Background: Unilateral posterior crossbite (ULCB) in early mixed dentition is associated with hereditary factors, sucking habits, and impaired nasal breathing. This study aimed to assess ear, nose, and throat (ENT) structures, orofacial functions, and articulation disorders in children with ULCB, compared to healthy controls, and to evaluate the changes after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods: Thirty-one children with ULCB (mean age 7.62 ± 1.3 years) and 31 age- and gender-matched control subjects without malocclusion (mean age 7.63 ± 0.67 years) were examined by an orthodontist, an ENT specialist, and speech therapist. Children with ULCB were treated with a Haas-type maxillary expander. ENT and orofacial assessments were repeated four years after treatment. Data were analysed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: At baseline, children with ULCB were significantly more likely to have impaired nasal breathing (p < 0.001), enlarged adenoids (p = 0.005), low tongue posture (p = 0.001), lip incompetence (p = 0.026), and articulation disorders (p < 0.001) compared with controls. Post-treatment evaluations revealed significant improvements in nasal breathing (p = 0.001), tongue posture (p < 0.001), adenoid size and nasopharyngeal patency (p < 0.001), mentalis muscle activity (p = 0.025), lip competence (p = 0.014), and swallowing pattern (p = 0.031). Conclusions: A unilateral posterior crossbite was associated with articulation disorders, impaired nasal breathing, tongue posture at the floor of the mouth, and enlarged adenoids in the early mixed dentition. The widening of the maxilla had a significant effect, as it improved nasopharyngeal patency as well as the breathing pattern and tongue postureBackground: Unilateral posterior crossbite (ULCB) in early mixed dentition is associated with hereditary factors, sucking habits, and impaired nasal breathing. This study aimed to assess ear, nose, and throat (ENT) structures, orofacial functions, and articulation disorders in children with ULCB, compared to healthy controls, and to evaluate the changes after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods: Thirty-one children with ULCB (mean age 7.62 ± 1.3 years) and 31 age- and gender-matched control subjects without malocclusion (mean age 7.63 ± 0.67 years) were examined by an orthodontist, an ENT specialist, and speech therapist. Children with ULCB were treated with a Haas-type maxillary expander. ENT and orofacial assessments were repeated four years after treatment. Data were analysed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: At baseline, children with ULCB were significantly more likely to have impaired nasal breathing (p < 0.001), enlarged adenoids (p = 0.005), low tongue posture (p = 0.001), lip incompetence (p = 0.026), and articulation disorders (p < 0.001) compared with controls. Post-treatment evaluations revealed significant improvements in nasal breathing (p = 0.001), tongue posture (p < 0.001), adenoid size and nasopharyngeal patency (p < 0.001), mentalis muscle activity (p = 0.025), lip competence (p = 0.014), and swallowing pattern (p = 0.031). Conclusions: A unilateral posterior crossbite was associated with articulation disorders, impaired nasal breathing, tongue posture at the floor of the mouth, and enlarged adenoids in the early mixed dentition. The widening of the maxilla had a significant effect, as it improved nasopharyngeal patency as well as the breathing pattern and tongue posture.
Ključne besede: unilateral posterior crossbite, adenoids, palatine tonsils, tongue habits, orofacial function, mouth breathing, articulation disorders
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.04.2026; Ogledov: 182; Prenosov: 129
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Povzetek: Background: There is a limited amount of published research on the dimensionality and reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire for adult patients referred for oral appliance therapy. This information is crucial for dentists, who often lack objective measures of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during titration process of an oral appliance. This study investigated the dimensionality and reliability of ESS scores in adult dental patients with SDB undergoing oral appliance treatment. Methods: In 103 dental patients with SDB referred by a physician (mean age: 52.3 ± 13.0 years; 35% female), the dimensionality of the ESS was investigated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to determine how many scores are needed to characterize the construct. ESS questionnaires were administered twice before treatment. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. Results: Horn's parallel analysis suggested a one-factor model. Extracting one factor and standardizing loadings led to strong loadings for all items, ranging from 0.53 to 0.82. The fit indices indicated a good model fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.999, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.020, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.064). Cronbach's alpha with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.85 (0.82-0.88), indicating strong internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient type 2,1 (95% CI) was 0.86 (0.79-0.90), and the weighted kappa ranged from 0.50 to 0.81. Conclusions: In this patient population, the ESS reliably characterizes excessive daytime sleepiness with a single score and appears suitable for individual assessment in dental patients undergoing oral appliance treatment for SDB.
Ključne besede: dental sleep medicine, dimensionality, epworth sleepiness scale, excessive daytime sleepiness, factor analysis, obstructive sleep apnea, oral appliance, questionnaire, reliability, sleep-disordered breathing
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.01.2026; Ogledov: 333; Prenosov: 244
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Povzetek: Breath is a grounding phenomenon present in many forms of Buddhist medi-tation. In traditional Buddhist meditations (including ānāpānasati and vipassanā), the practitioner observes the breath, surveys various physical and mental phenom-ena, and from there realizes that suffering (duḥkha) is not ultimately binding (and along the way, they may experience the nonduality of body and mind). Similarly, the seated meditation practice (zazen) deployed by Rinzai Zen begins with atten-tion to breath, refines one’s attention to psycho-physical sensations, and fosters a realization of mind-body unity that enables the practitioner to face duḥkha. But this form of Zen recasts the respiratory philosophy of early Buddhism in some important respects. This paper explores how these adaptations take place in terms of an explicitly somaesthetic orientation. Emphasizing the postural form of the body, the capacity to sense the pull of gravity, and the performance of breathing from the hara (lower belly), zazen seeks to awaken the somatic body by transform-ing the weight of suffering into nondual, vital energy.
Ključne besede: zazen, duḥkha, gravity, grief, somaesthetics, hara, breathing
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.05.2024; Ogledov: 1183; Prenosov: 723
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Povzetek: Persian philosopher Avicenna (980‒1037) is famous for his thought experiment concerning the flying person,” “floating person” or “person suspended in air.” In this thought experiment, a person is created flying in the air in a state of total sensory deprivation. Scholars have debated for centuries what this thought experiment is all about. Most scholars have interpreted this thought experiment as essentially being about the existence of the soul (al-nafs) in its immateriality, substantiality, and self-awareness, as well as about the difference between the soul and the body. In my article, I will interpret Avicenna’s thought experiment in a totally different manner within the atmospheres of air and breathing. In my reading, I will carefully examine the fact neglected by scholars that this flight happens in the air and that it is the air that defines the existence of the flying person. With this aerial attitude I will argue that this thought experiment is not above all about the soul, but about air and al-nafs as a respiratory self. In my aerial and respiratory interpretation of Avicenna’s flying person, I will use Gaston Bachelard’s phenomenologically oriented aerial thinking as well as etymological analysis of al-nafs.
Ključne besede: flying person, floating person, breathing, air
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Ogledov: 1323; Prenosov: 842
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