1. Retinoblastoma with and without extraocular tumor extension : a global comparative study of 3435 patientsSwathi Kaliki, Vijitha S. Vempuluru, Ido Didi Fabian, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Purpose
To study the treatment and outcomes of children with retinoblastoma (RB) with extraocular tumor extension (RB-EOE) and compare them with RB without extraocular tumor extension (RB-w/o-EOE).
Design
Multicenter intercontinental collaborative prospective study from 2017 to 2020. RB-EOE cases included those with overt orbital tumor extension in treatment-naive patients. Cases with microscopic orbital extension detected postenucleation were excluded from the study.
Participants
A total of 319 children with RB-EOE and 3116 children with RB-w/o-EOE.
Intervention
Chemotherapy, enucleation, exenteration, radiotherapy.
Main Outcome Measures
Systemic metastasis and death.
Results
Of the 3435 RB patients included in this study, 309 (9%) were from low-income countries (LIC), 1448 (42%) from lower-middle income, 1012 (29%) from upper-middle income, and 666 (19%) patients from high-income countries. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of RB-EOE and national income level, with 96 (31%) patients from LIC, 197 (6%) lower-middle income, 20 (2%) upper-middle income, and 6 (1%) patients from high-income countries (P = 0.0001). The outcomes were statistically significant for RB-EOE compared with RB-w/o-EOE: systemic metastasis (32% vs. 4% respectively; P = 0.0001) and metastasis-related death (63% vs. 6% respectively; P = 0.0001). Multimodal treatment was the most common form of treatment (n = 177; 54%) for RB-EOE, with most cases undergoing a combination of intravenous chemotherapy and enucleation (n = 97; 30%). Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after surgery (enucleation/orbital exenteration) was given in only 68 (21%) cases. Kaplan–Meier analysis for systemic metastasis and metastasis-related death in RB-EOE was 28% and 57% at 1 year, 29% and 60% at 2 years, and 29% and 61% at 3 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk of death from RB-EOE was greater in patients aged >4 years than <2 years (hazard ratio, 2.912; P < 0.001) and for unimodal (surgery or intravenous chemotherapy) and bimodal (surgery and intravenous chemotherapy) treatment than trimodal treatment (surgery, intravenous chemotherapy, and EBRT) (hazard ratio, 2.023; P = 0.004 and hazard ratio, 1.819; P = 0.027, respectively).
Conclusions
Retinoblastoma with extraocular tumor extension is associated with a higher risk of metastasis and death. Patients with RB-EOE are likely to benefit from trimodal treatment (intravenous chemotherapy, surgery, and EBRT) rather than treatment protocols excluding EBRT.
Ključne besede: external beam radiotherapy, extraocular extension, multimodal treatment, retinoblastoma, tumor
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.03.2026; Ogledov: 189; Prenosov: 104
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2. Pick-up of organic molecules by mixed Ar clusters : a function of gas properties and compositionJernej Ekar, Oksana Plekan, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Clusters present an intriguing field of research, with their properties bridging the gap between an isolated atom/molecule and a bulk. They can act as a substrate for dopant molecules picked up on the fly and located on or inside the cluster. Our research on Ar clusters reveals that gas pressure and composition are crucial parameters determining the pickup probability for molecules such as adenine, uracil, glycine, and ascorbic acid. For pure Ar expansion, the most intense molecular signals are observed in the stagnation pressure range between 10 and 30 bar. Adding up to 33 mol% of He or O2 at fixed total pressure causes no change in the intensity of dopant and Ar oligomer signals. The addition of N2O or CO2 results in a significant intensity drop, with signals from the molecule and Ar oligomers disappearing above 3 mol% of N2O or CO2. The opposite effects are observed with the Ar-H2 mixture at a pressure of 25 bar. Optimal results are obtained for H2 concentrations between 40 and 50 mol% versus D2 concentrations between 20 and 35 mol%. Substitution of Ar with an Ar-H2 mixture causes signal intensities of dopants and Ar oligomers to increase by more than threefold.
Ključne besede: gas clusters, argon, hydrogen, doping, pick-up, mass spectrometry, pulsed gas beam
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.02.2026; Ogledov: 433; Prenosov: 117
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3. Strain-controlled superconductivity in epitaxially grown thin films of ▫$1T-TaS_2$▫Yelyzaveta Chernolevska, Anže Mraz, Rok Venturini, Bojan Ambrožič, Tomaž Mertelj, Goran Dražić, Damjan Svetin, Damjan Vengust, Hsin-Chia Ho, Matjaž Spreitzer, Dragan Mihailović, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: transition metal dichalcogenides, thin films, molecular beam epitaxy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.11.2025; Ogledov: 960; Prenosov: 239
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4. On the direct numerical computation of Hopf bifurcations to assess the dynamic stability of fluid-conveying cantilevered pipesHauke Gravenkamp, Bor Plestenjak, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In the structural analysis of fluid-conveying pipes, dynamic instabilities can occur at specific values of the flow velocity, depending on the geometry as well as the material parameters of the pipe and the interior fluid. These critical points fall into the broader category of Hopf bifurcations. Typical numerical models of this problem employ a one-dimensional weighted residual method, leading to a velocity-dependent eigenvalue problem. The solutions form eigencurves, and the critical points are characterized by eigenvalues with vanishing real parts. In this paper, we show that critical points can be computed directly as solutions to a single three-parameter eigenvalue problem. In addition, we employ a recently developed method for computing individual eigencurves, based on the concept of exponential residual relaxation. For the discretization of the weak form, we use a finite element method with a particular version of $C^1$-continuous high-order spectral elements, suited for fourth-order differential equations, and we discuss the differences compared to the more commonly used weighted residual method based on the basis functions of a linear Euler-Bernoulli beam. Four numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented algorithms. For verification, we provide a detailed derivation of analytical solutions for special cases.
Ključne besede: pipes, Euler-Bernoulli beam, stability, Hopf bifurcation, multiparameter eigenvalue problem, spectral element method
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.11.2025; Ogledov: 391; Prenosov: 210
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5. Near-surface processes of beam-sensitive materials under low energy electron irradiationIbrahim Hameli, Vasyl Shvalya, Neelakandan Marath Santhosh, Ardita Kurtishaj Hamzaj, Oleg Baranov, Uroš Cvelbar, Janez Zavašnik, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: We investigate the interactions and modifications induced by low-energy electron beam irradiation in beamsensitive materials, with crystalline gold trichloride (AuCl3) as a model system. Employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in an operando setup, we investigated surface and bulk transformations as a function of irradiation time (0–1080 s) and accelerating voltage (1–30 kV). Irreversible structural changes were observed both on the surface and within the bulk of the AuCl3 crystal. Surface analysis revealed the formation and growth of µm-sized vertically oriented carbon nanopillars, with voltage-dependent growth dynamics governed by backscattered (BSE) and secondary electrons (SE). At the same time, the bulk of the AuCl3 decomposed under carbon pillars, forming Au nanoparticles and near-surface voids whose size and spatial distribution correlated with the energy deposition profiles. The observed morphological and chemical alterations pose a significant obstacle to accurate chemical composition analyses by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and suggest a narrow operating window for conducting reliable SEM analysis.
Ključne besede: beam sensitive materials, electron beam interactions, electron radiation, gold chloride, carbon deposition
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.09.2025; Ogledov: 527; Prenosov: 273
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7. Influence of laser beam shape and post heat-treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based alloy IN718 manufactured by laser powder bed fusionMatjaž Godec, Narges Mirzabeigi, Črtomir Donik, Danijela Anica Skobir Balantič, Simon Malej, Irena Paulin, Bojan Podgornik, Jonas Grünewald, Tobias Novotny, Florian Bayer, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda, Katrin Wudy, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study examines the effect of Gaussian and ring-shaped laser beam profiles on the microstructural development and mechanical properties of the PBF-LB/M processed nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 in its as-built and post-heat-treated conditions. Beam shaping was employed to achieve a faster build rate without compromising material properties. One of the objectives was to optimise heat treatment conditions for the beam-shaped profile. The post-heat-treatment process included four different solution annealing temperatures (954 °C, 984 °C, 1034 °C and 1154 °C), followed by two-step ageing, respectively. The microstructure evolution was revealed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS). The mechanical properties in all investigated conditions were evaluated based on tensile tests at room temperature. Using a Gaussian laser beam profile results in a fine-grained microstructure without a strong columnar orientation, while the ring beam profile produces a distinct columnar structure with larger nanodendritic grains and dislocation cells. Both beam profiles exhibit a similar proportion of Laves phase. After post-heat treatment, the Gaussian beam profile generally provides 3-7 % higher mechanical properties. The differences in mechanical properties between horizontal and vertical building directions are greater for ring-shaped laser beam profiles. Heat-treatment temperature above 1034 °C leads to recrystallisation, grain growth and the formation of carbonitrides which reduce mechanical properties. Based on the results, the proposed optimal heat-treatment temperature for both investigated laser beam shapes is 984 °C. At this temperature, tensile strength equalises between horizontal and vertical build directions while yield strength increases, which is beneficial for most applications.
Ključne besede: PBF-LB/M, beam shaping, IN718, heat treatment, mechanical properties
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Ogledov: 809; Prenosov: 415
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8. Composition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of DED-LB additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy : comparison with wrought alloyIngrid Milošev, Peter Rodič, Barbara Kapun, Denis Sačer, Anish Nair, Davorin Kramar, Andrej Jeromen, Edvard Govekar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: titanium alloys, directed-energy deposition by laser beam, simulated physiological solution
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.06.2025; Ogledov: 735; Prenosov: 512
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10. Investigations of the thermal parameters of hybrid sol-gel coatings using nondestructive photothermal techniquesŁukasz Chrobak, Dorota Korte, Hanna Budasheva, Mirosław Maliński, Peter Rodič, Ingrid Milošev, Sylwia Janta-Lipińska, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: hybrid sol-gel coatings, non-destructive testing, photothermal radiometry, photothermal beam deflection spectrometry, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.05.2025; Ogledov: 720; Prenosov: 437
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