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Ključne besede: asthma, asthma control, children, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.08.2026; Ogledov: 113; Prenosov: 59
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Povzetek: Background: The aim of the study was to provide insight into the influence of the COVID-19 on the frequency and characteristics of urgent and emergent tracheostomies (TS), comparing data collected both before and during the pandemic. Our two hypotheses were that during COVID-19, more TS were performed in the emergent setting and that during COVID-19 more TS were performed under general anaesthesia. Patients and methods: The research was retrospective. The study period included the two years before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Slovenia. Forty-one patients in each period met the inclusion criteria. Their medical charts were reviewed. The anamnestic, clinical, surgical and anaesthesiological data were collected. The two groups of patients from corresponding time periods were statistically compared. Results: Predominantly men required the surgical resolution of acute upper airway obstruction (76% of patients). The causes for acute respiratory distress included head and neck cancer (62%), infections (20%), vocal cord paralysis (16%), and stenosis (2%). There were no statistically significant differences either in the (emergent/urgent) setting of TS or in the type of anaesthesia used. Both hypotheses were rejected. A statistically significant rise in use of the C-MAC laryngoscope during COVID-19 (from 3% to 15%) was reported. Conclusions: The outbreak of COVID-19 did not have a statistically significant effect on the frequency of performing emergent and urgent tracheostomies nor on the use of general or local anaesthesia. It did, however, require a change of intubation technique. Consequently, a significant rise in the use of the C-MAC laryngoscope was noted.
Ključne besede: SARS-CoV-19, anaesthesia, orotracheal intubation, upper airway obstruction, emergent tracheostomy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.06.2026; Ogledov: 192; Prenosov: 153
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Povzetek: Introduction Research on the long-term consequences of COVID-19 has initially focused on the symptoms and prevalence of long COVID. However, few studies have fully incorporated the World Health Organization definition or explored its diverse predictors, including mental health factors. This study aims to deepen the understanding of long-term outcomes of COVID-19 and their associated factors. Methods Data were drawn from the SI-PANDA Behavioural Insights survey on COVID-19, an online questionnaire administered to a selected sample of participants from an online access panel in Slovenia. The study included 5,961 participants aged 18 to 74. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with reporting long COVID. Results Among the 5,961 respondents, 3,234 reported having been infected with SARS-CoV-2 at least once. Of those, 38% reported persistent fatigue and lack of energy. Long COVID developed in 16.1% (n = 520) of respondents who had been infected. The factor most strongly associated with long COVID was experiencing at least one severe episode of COVID-19, which was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds (OR = 3.99; 95% CI: 3.25–4.91). Other significant associations were observed for risk of a depressive disorder (OR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.79–3.44), three or more SARS-CoV-2 infections (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.45–3.64), risky stress behaviour (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.38–3.30), and the presence of at least one chronic disease (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.24–1.91). Conclusions Understanding and effectively addressing infectious diseases like COVID-19 requires not only insight into the virus’s biology and evolution but also recognition of the important role of mental health and psychological factors.
Ključne besede: SARS-CoV-2 virus, consequences, long COVID, number of infections, risk of a depressive disorder
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2026; Ogledov: 255; Prenosov: 365
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Povzetek: Determining the genetic contribution of susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes is important for public health measures and individualized treatment. Through intense research on this topic, several hundred genes have been implicated as possibly contributing to the severe infection phenotype(s); however, the findings are complex and appear to be population- dependent. We aimed to determine the contribution of human rare genetic variants associated with a severe outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections and their burden in the Slovenian population. A panel of 517 genes associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were obtained by combining an extensive review of the literature, target genes identified by the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative, and the curated Research COVID-19 associated genes from PanelApp, England Genomics. Whole genome sequencing was performed using PCR-free WGS on DNA from 60 patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 disease, and the identified rare genomic variants were analyzed and classified according to the ACMG criteria. Background prevalence in the general Slovenian population was determined by comparison with sequencing data from 8025 individuals included in the Slovenian genomic database (SGDB). Results show that several rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic genomic variants in genes CFTR, MASP2, MEFV, TNFRSF13B, and RNASEL likely contribute to the severe infection outcomes in our patient cohort. These results represent an insight into the Slovenian genomic diversity associated with a severe COVID-19 outcome.
Ključne besede: severe COVID-19, severe outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whole-genome sequencing, genetic susceptibility, rare variants, human rare genomic variants
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2026; Ogledov: 286; Prenosov: 233
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Povzetek: Background: Respiratory microbiome alterations, coinfections, and virus intrahost evolution are of great interest in persistently viable SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of antiviral treatment and immune response. However, samples before, during, and after infection are seldom available to researchers. Therefore, there has been a significant lack of opportunities to comprehensively study microbiota homeostasis, coinfections, and virus intra-host evolution on the consensus and minor variants scale in response to antiviral treatments and patient immune response. Case presentation: A 63-year-old female patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma received multiple treatments for SARS-CoV-2 that remained active 169 days. Together, 32 respiratory and 19 serum samples were collected before, during, and after (- 398 to 233 days) COVID-19. Subsets were selected for virus viability testing by culture (20) and subgenomic (sg) RNA (20) measurement, intra-host evolution assessment (18), microbiome composition analysis (28), and coinfection identification (11). IgA/IgG and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured 19 times throughout the infection. SARSCoV-2 lineage XBB.1.16.11 persisted and remained viable until 116 days post infection (PI) regardless of treatments. No sgRNA marker tested was suitable for virus viability prediction. IgG/IgA antibodies first appeared after 38 days, but the virus persisted regardless of multiple plasma treatments before neutralizing antibodies appeared (100 days PI) and finally cleared the virus 116 days PI. Consensus-level mutations fluctuated around 102.7 ± 4.0, and minor variants increased from six to 61 with a mutation rate of 4.9 × 10-3 per site per year, with the highest average number of mutations per gene length in S and E (0.013) with surges after every antiviral treatment. The transversion/transition ratio increased from 0.50 (day 0) to 0.57 (day 24) with a steady decrease to 0.48 (day 147). Mutational signature analysis showed dominance of C > T substitutions consistent with APOBEC antiviral enzyme activity. Upper respiratory microbiota showed three distinct profiles with varying α-/β-diversity and an association of Staphylococcus spp. with COVID-19. Conclusions: These findings further elucidate the dynamics of intra-host viral evolution and complexities of virus clearance in individuals with hematological malignancies and highlight the impact of antiviral treatments on the potential of virus variants emergence in longitudinally infectious patients due to delayed immune response.
Ključne besede: B-cell lymphoma, hematological malignancies, microbiome, prolonged SARS-CoV_2 infection, virus evolution, virus shedding
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.04.2026; Ogledov: 319; Prenosov: 246
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