1. Effect of the identification group size and image resolution on the diagnostic performance of metabolic Alzheimer’s disease-related patternEva Štokelj, Petra Tomše, Tadej Tomanič, Vijay Dhawan, David Eidelberg, Maja Trošt, Urban Simončič, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: mechanical dyssynchrony, Alzheimer’s disease, metabolic brain pattern, 2-[18F]FDG-PET, image resolution, Cohort size, network analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.08.2026; Ogledov: 186; Prenosov: 96
 Celotno besedilo (4,11 MB)
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2. Impact of CT tube voltage and anode current on PET/CT image quality : a nema IQ phantom studyMilana Čavlin, Luka Ležaič, Sebastijan Rep, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Positron emission tomography/computer tomography is a crucial modality for the quantification of metabolic activity and anatomical structure. Reducing radiation dose, especially in repeated imaging, remains a significant challenge. This study focuses on optimizing computer tomography parameters to reduce dose, while maintaining image quality. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of varying computer tomography tube voltage and anode current, on the quantification of standardized uptake value, contrast-to-noise ratio, and radiation exposure (volume CT dose index, dose-length product). A NEMA IQ body phantom was scanned using various combinations of tube voltage and anode current. Standardized up-take value, contrast-to-noise ratio, volume CT dose index and dose-length product, were evaluated from the different scans. The obtained results were statistically assessed. Reducing tube voltage and anode current did not significantly affect standardized uptake value accuracy but, reduced radiation dose. Image quality (contrast-to-noise ratio) remained diagnostically acceptable, supporting the potential for optimization without compromising accuracy. Optimization of computer tomography parameters (tube voltage, anode current) is feasible and beneficial in clinical practice, as it reduces patient radiation burden while maintaining image quality and standardized uptake value accuracy.
Ključne besede: PET/CT, standardized uptake value, quantification, dose optimization, image quality, tube voltage, anode current
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2026; Ogledov: 182; Prenosov: 121
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3. Nanotelesa : alternativa klasičnim monoklonskim protitelesomDavor Babič, Vladka Čurin-Šerbec, Ivana Jovchevska, 2026, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Težkoverižna protitelesa, prvič odkrita pri kamelidih leta 1989, predstavljajo nekonvencionalno obliko protiteles, sestavljeno izključno iz težkih verig in brez lahkih verig, značilnih za klasična protitelesa. Njihova posamezna variabilna domena, imenovana nanotelo ima ključne prednosti pred konvencionalnimi protitelesi: stabilnost, manjša velikost, visoka topnost v vodi, boljše prehajanje v tkiva in enostavna proizvodnja v rekombinantnih sistemih. Nanotelesa raziskujejo predvsem na področju diagnostike, kjer se uporabljajo v tehnikah, kot so pozitronska emisijska tomografija s hkratno računalniško tomografijo, biosenzorji in imunokromatografski testi. V terapevtske namene jih razvijajo za zdravljenje raka ter infekcijskih in avtoimunskih bolezni. Od prve odobritve kaplacizumaba leta 2018 so bila odobrena še tri zdravila na osnovi nanoteles, kar potrjuje njihov vse večji pomen v translacijski in klinični medicini.
Ključne besede: kaplacizumab, monoklonska protitelesa, nanotelesa, PET/CT, rak (medicina)
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.07.2026; Ogledov: 191; Prenosov: 77
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4. How to build Dynamic Energy Budget models : practical guidelines for model developmentDiogo F. Oliveira, Anna Sulc, Eline Le Moan, Urban Dajčman, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory provides a coherent framework to describe how organisms acquire and use energy and matter throughout the life cycle in response to environmental conditions. The wide applicability suggests the generality of DEB theory and is one of its main strengths. However, this same generality introduces a substantial degree of abstraction, which can make model development challenging, particularly for newcomers. This paper aims to support more transparent, biologically grounded, and reproducible DEB modeling by proposing guidelines to make the development process more explicit and accessible. We identify three main challenges: (1) how to link biological processes to their mathematical representation, (2) which observations are needed to inform key physiological processes, and (3) how to carry out parameter estimation and model validation in a transparent and reproducible way. To help overcome these issues, we briefly introduce core concepts and discuss the six main steps in the DEB modeling workflow: model design, data collection and assessment, implementation, calibration, validation, and publication. These steps are illustrated with a case study on zebrafish (Danio rerio) that demonstrates how data availability influences model development and the range of predictions that can be supported. By proposing a structured workflow, we hope to encourage researchers to explore the full potential of DEB theory.
Ključne besede: modeling development workflow, bioenergetics, good modeling practices, estimation in-context, model calibration, model validation, add-my-pet
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2026; Ogledov: 255; Prenosov: 275
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5. Zolpidem improves task-specific dystonia : a randomized clinical trial integrating exploratory transcranial magnetic stimulation and [18F] FDG-PET imagingKatarina Vogelnik Žakelj, Maja Trošt, Petra Tomše, Igor N. Petrović, Aleksandra Tomić Pešić, Saša Radovanović, Maja Kojović, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background Task-specific dystonia (TSFD) is a disabling movement disorder. Effective treatment options are currently limited. Zolpidem was reported to improve primary focal and generalized dystonia in a proportion of patients. The mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects have not yet been investigated. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of single-dose zolpidem in 24 patients with TSFD. Patients were clinically assessed using Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), Writers' Cramp Rating Scale (WCRS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), before and after receiving placebo and zolpidem. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was conducted on placebo and zolpidem to compare corticospinal excitability – active and resting motor thresholds (AMT and RMT), resting and active input/output curves and intracortical excitability - cortical silent period (CSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition curve (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Eight patients underwent brain FDG-PET imaging on zolpidem and placebo. Results Zolpidem treatment improved TSFD. Zolpidem compared to placebo flattened rest and active input/output curves, reduced ICF and was associated with hypometabolism in the right cerebellum and hypermetabolism in the left inferior parietal lobule and left cingulum. Correlations were found between changes in dystonia severity on WCRS and changes in active input/output curve and in brain metabolism, respectively. Patients with lower RMT, and higher rest and active input/output curves exhibited better response to zolpidem compared to placebo. Conclusions Zolpidem improved TSFD by reducing corticomotor output and influencing crucial nodes in higher-order sensory and motor networks
Ključne besede: Zolpidem, writer's cramp, musician's dystonia, TMSFDG-PET
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 297; Prenosov: 112
Celotno besedilo (3,15 MB) |
6. Metabolic network alterations as a supportive biomarker in dementia with Lewy bodies with preserved dopamine transmissionAnna Stockbauer, Leonie Beyer, Eva Maria Huber, Annika Kreuzer, Carla Palleis, Sabrina Katzdobler, Boris‑Stephan Rauchmann, Silvia Morbelli, Andrea Chincarini, Rose Bruffaerts, Milica Gregorič Kramberger, Maja Trošt, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: dementia with Lewy bodies, FDG-PET, metabolic connectivity, DaT-Scan
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.06.2026; Ogledov: 310; Prenosov: 109
Celotno besedilo (3,11 MB) |
7. Metabolic brain networks in dementia with Lewy bodies : from prodromal to manifest disease stagesMatej Perovnik, Urban Simončič, Jan Jamšek, Milica Gregorič Kramberger, Joachim Brumberg, Philipp Tobias Meyer, Daniela Perani, Maja Trošt, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia, yet it remains under-recognised and misdiagnosed, which delays treatment, causes inaccurate prognosis and limits research opportunities. Imaging with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is a supportive DLB biomarker. We evaluated a multivariate, quantifiable metabolic network biomarker, termed DLB-related pattern (DLBRP), for its further clinical translation across centres and disease stages. Methods: We analysed demographic, clinical and FDG PET imaging data of 1180 participants from 14 tertiary centres and two multicentre datasets. We included 379 DLB, 28 mild cognitive impairment-LB (MCI-LB), 195 dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (ADD), 172 MCI-AD without α-synuclein co-pathology (MCI-AD-S-), and 73 MCI-AD with α-synuclein co-pathology (S+) patients, along with a comparative group of 333 normal controls (NCs). From the scans, we calculated the expression of DLBRP, AD-related pattern (ADRP) and Parkinson's disease-related pattern (PDRP) and compared them across groups. DLBRP scores were correlated with clinical measurements. Results: Across independent cohorts, DLBRP robustly distinguished DLB from NCs (sensitivity >89%, specificity >90%), and scores correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III and independently predicted Mini-Mental State Examination. DLBRP was elevated already in MCI-LB. In a small longitudinal dataset, we observed steady increases in DLBRP expression with scores exceeding the diagnostic threshold prior to dementia onset. DLBRP and PDRP discriminated DLB from ADD (sensitivity, 74%-90%; specificity, 80%). In MCI-AD groups, ADRP was expressed, whereas DLBRP and PDRP were increased only in MCI-AD-S+, although comparatively less than in MCI-LB. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the value of DLBRP in diagnosing prodromal and manifest DLB and distinguishing them from their AD counterparts. While overlap between patterns may reflect actual co-pathology, this possibility cannot be accepted without thorough pathological confirmation. The current findings support the use of DLBRP in patient evaluation and in future trial design.
Ključne besede: Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, FDG PET, functional imaging, mild cognitive impairment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.03.2026; Ogledov: 466; Prenosov: 344
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9. Prognostic Value of Multiple Manual Segmentation Methods for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with 18F-FDG PET/CTAndrej Doma, Andrej Studen, Barbara Jezeršek Novaković, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Abstract: Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT-derived metabolic metrics are strongly associated with patient outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but the lack of consensus on optimal segmentation thresholds limits standardization. This study evaluated the prognostic value of various metabolic tumor volume (MTV) segmentation approaches in 140 stage II–IV DLBCL patients treated with standard immunochemotherapy. MTV was derived using fixed SUV (≥2.5, ≥4.0), relative (>41% SUVmax), and adaptive (liver-tobackground) thresholds. Baseline MTV metrics significantly correlated with 3-year overall survival (OS3) in univariate analysis in overall cohort, with MTV41 showing the strongest association (HR: 1.27; p = 0.003). MTV25 and MTV41 remained significant in the stage 4 patient subgroup. However, in multivariate analysis, no MTV metric independently predicted OS3 when adjusted for the International Prognostic Index (IPI), which remained the dominant predictor (HR: 1.95; p < 0.0001). ROC analysis confirmed superior AUC for IPI (0.76) over PET-based metrics (0.64–0.69). Predictive models integrating IPI with PET metrics were robust but failed to improve prognostic accuracy beyond IPI alone. Although PET-derived MTV metrics provide prognostic value in univariate analysis, threshold selection has minimal impact, and their added value is limited when combined with IPI, reinforcing its role as the most reliable survival predictor in DLBCL.
Ključne besede: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 18F-FDG, overall survival, PET/CT
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 634; Prenosov: 281
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10. Crayfish pet trade as a pathway for the introduction of known and novel virusesKatarina Bačnik, Luka Kranjc, Leticia Botella, Ivana Maguire, Dora Pavić, Jiří Patoka, Paula Dragičević, Martin Blaha, Ana Bielen, Antonín Kouba, Denis Kutnjak, Sandra Hudina, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Expanding international pet trade has emerged as one of the main introduction pathways of aquatic invasive species, with ornamental crayfish species commonly available on the EU and global markets. Besides most frequently studied crayfish pathogens, such as Aphanomyces astaci and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), ornamental crayfish carry associated microbial communities, which may potentially lead to the emergence of known or even novel diseases following intentional or unintentional release of animals into the wild. This is especially problematic in the case of viruses, which represent an important, yet considerably understudied, group of crayfish pathogens. Here we analyzed viromes of hepatopancreas tissue of four crayfish species acquired in the international pet trade in Europe (Procambarus clarkii, Procambarus alleni, Cherax holthuisi, and Cherax quadricarinatus) using a high throughput sequencing based metagenomic approach. Seven different known viruses were identified, which were previously either directly associated with crayfish (WSSV, Cherax quadricarinatus reovirus, chequa iflavirus, athtab bunya-like virus) or with hosts from subphylum Crustacea or invertebrates associated with freshwater environment (Shahe ispoda virus 5, Dicistroviridae sp.). Additional sequences represented 8 potential novel and divergent RNA viruses, most similar to sequences belonging to members of Picornavirales, Elliovirales, Reovirales, Hepelivirales, Tolivirales and Ghabrivirales orders. We discuss our findings in relation to their phylogenetic relationships, geographical origins, and putative pathogenicity implications. The results highlight the need for further research into the risks related to disease emergence associated with the pet trade.
Ključne besede: virome, RNA viruses, ornamental crayfish, pet-trade, high throughput sequencing, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, virology, environmental risk assessment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.05.2025; Ogledov: 1336; Prenosov: 1047
Celotno besedilo (14,36 MB)
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