1. The effect of duct size, sample size, and fuel composition on concurrent flame spread over large cellulose samples in microgravitySandra L. Olson, Gary A. Ruff, Paul V. Ferkul, Jay C. Owens, John Easton, Ya-Ting T. Liao, James S. T'ien, Balazs Toth, Grunde Jomaas, A. Carlos Fernandez-Pello, Guillaume Legros, Augustin Guibaud, Osamu Fujita, Nikolay Smirnov, David L. Urban, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Concurrent flame spread data for thermally-thin charring solid fuels are presented from Saffire and BASS experiments performed in habitable spacecraft for three duct sizes, five sample sizes, two materials, and two atmospheres. The flame spread rates and flame lengths were strongly affected by duct size even for the relatively large ducts (> 30 cm tall). A transient excess pyrolysis length (i.e., flame length overshoot) was observed for the cotton fabric that burned away, which indicates that the transient excess pyrolysis length phenomenon is caused by more than just the flame moving into the developing boundary layer thickness as was the case with the SIBAL sample. A burnout time, defined as the pyrolysis length divided by the flame spread rate, normalized the pyrolysis length histories into a single curve with a steady burnout time of 22 s for the SIBAL fabric. The transient excess pyrolysis length is hypothesized to be a post-ignition flame growth transient for the essentially two-dimensional flames where the burnout time becomes very long until the preheat and pyrolysis lengths develop. The three-dimensional flames over narrow samples have lateral thermal expansion and lateral oxygen diffusion which allows them to transition to a steady state length without the transient excess pyrolysis length. Surface temperature profiles, nondimensionalized by the pyrolysis length, indicate that the temperature profiles exhibit the same shape across the pyrolysis zone. A surface energy balance calculation in the preheat region revealed that the heat flux increased rapidly at the pyrolysis front to near the critical heat flux for ignition. An estimate of the acceleration of the inviscid core flow in the duct due to thermal expansion and developing boundary layers on the duct walls and the SIBAL sample surface seems to explain the observed spread rate trends across three duct sizes and multiple sample sizes.
Ključne besede: concurrent flame spread, microgravity, duct size, sample size, cellulose fabrics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.01.2024; Ogledov: 168; Prenosov: 35
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2. A historical overview of experimental solid combustion research in microgravityWilson Ulises Rojas Alva, Grunde Jomaas, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Studying solid combustion phenomena in microgravity environments can be complex, and this is furthered by many limitations and constraints in the available microgravity research platforms. Consequently, fire safety in spacecraft is also a complex subject. The main limitations found in the field are related to the microgravity quality, the duration of microgravity conditions, the rig capabilities in volume and size, time scales, length scales and the diagnostic systems, and these are therefore the focus in the current investigation. The laboratory capacity of ground-based platforms has remained somewhat stalled since 1990s, some drop towers have recently been upgraded to extend their performance. New space-based platforms have been or are being established and could extend the windows-of-opportunity to perform research. In addition, a discussion is provided on the implications of the fact that the phenomena studied in the experimental investigations and the type of material employed covers both programmatic and scientific needs. It is found that a handful of materials are most widely studied to quantify and characterise some of the phenomena, while some materials have been employed even in single experimental efforts. The current literature review provides a very comprehensive overview of previous experimental studies and the experimental methodologies utilised. Thus, this study can become an aid to planning for future studies.
Ključne besede: Microgravity, research platforms, solid combustion, fire safety, spacecraft
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.11.2023; Ogledov: 247; Prenosov: 77
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