71. Low but significant evolutionary potential for growth, phenology and reproduction traits in European beechMarjana Westergren, Juliette Archambeau, Marko Bajc, Rok Damjanić, Adélaïde Theraroz, Hojka Kraigher, Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio, Santiago C. González-Martínez, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Local survival of forest tree populations under climate change depends on existing genetic variation and their adaptability to changing environments. Responses to selection were studied in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) under field conditions. A total of 1087 adult trees, seeds, 1-year-old seedlings and established multiyear saplings were genotyped with 16 nuSSRs. Adult trees were assessed for phenotypic traits related to growth, phenology and reproduction. Parentage and paternity analyses were used to estimate effective female and male fecundity as a proxy of fitness and showed that few parents contributed to successful regeneration. Selection gradients were estimated from the relationship between traits and fecundity, while heritability and evolvability were estimated using mixed models and the breeder's equation. Larger trees bearing more fruit and early male flowering had higher total fecundity, while trees with longer growth season had lower total fecundity (directional selection). Stabilizing selection on spring phenology was found for female fecundity, highlighting the role of late frosts as a selection driver. Selection gradients for other traits varied between measurement years and the offspring cohort used to estimate parental fecundity. Compared to other studies in natural populations, we found low to moderate heritability and evolvability for most traits. Response to selection was higher for growth than for budburst, leaf senescence or reproduction traits, reflecting more consistent selection gradients across years and sex functions, and higher phenotypic variability in the population. Our study provides empirical evidence suggesting that populations of long-lived organisms such as forest trees can adapt locally, even at short-time scales.
Ključne besede: climate change, Fagus sylvatica, heritability, in situ adaptation, response to selection, selection gradients
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Ogledov: 213; Prenosov: 99
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72. Between but not within-species variation in the distribution of fitness effectsJennifer James, Chedly Kastallya, Katharina Budde, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Pascal Milesi, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Martin Lascoux, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.
Ključne besede: DFE, deleterious mutations, population structure, forest trees
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Ogledov: 249; Prenosov: 106
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73. Elektrokemoterapija pri lokalnem zdravljenju napredovalega melanomaGregor Serša, Zvonimir Rudolf, Marija Snežna Paulin-Košir, Janja Ocvirk, Maja Čemažar, Simona Kranjc Brezar, Breda Slekovec Kolar, Marko Snoj, 2007, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.12.2023; Ogledov: 207; Prenosov: 59
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77. Šola rakov glave in vratu : Onkološki inštitut Ljubljana, 1. december 20232023, ni določena Povzetek: V zborniku je celostno predstavljena problematika rakov glave in vratu, kot jo dojemajo strokovnjaki, ki se vsakodnevno srečujejo z bolniki s temi raki. Osvetljeni so vzroki za nastanek rakov glave in vratu, incidenca, mortaliteta in sodobni epidemiološki trendi, znaki in simptomi, ki jih povzročajo, načela sodobne diagnostike in zdravljenja s posledično morbiditeto ter možnosti podporne terapije in rehabilitacije. Poseben poudarek je namenjen obravnavi teh rakov v slovenskem prostoru in nacionalnim smernicam.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.12.2023; Ogledov: 208; Prenosov: 98
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80. Not another hillshade: alternatives which improve visualizations of bathymetric dataAna Novak, Sašo Poglajen, Marko Vrabec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Increasing awareness of the importance of effective communication of scientific results and concepts, and the need for more accurate mapping and increased feature visibility led to the development of novel approaches to visualization of high-resolution elevation data. While new approaches have routinely been adopted for land elevation data, this does not seem to be the case for the offshore and submerged terrestrial realms. We test the suitability of algorithms provided by the freely-available and user-friendly Relief Visualization Toolbox (RVT) software package for visualizing bathymetric data. We examine the algorithms optimal for visualizing the general bathymetry of a study area, as well as for highlighting specific morphological shapes that are common on the sea-, lake- and riverbed. We show that these algorithms surpass the more conventional analytical hillshading in providing visualizations of bathymetric data richer in details, and foremost, providing a better overview of the morphological features of the studied areas. We demonstrate that the algorithms are efficient regardless of the source data type, depth range, resolution, geographic, and geological setting. The summary of our results and observations can serve as a reference for future users of RVT for displaying bathymetric data.
Ključne besede: bathymetry, RVT, visualization, hillshade, geomorphology, marine geology, multibeam
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2023; Ogledov: 209; Prenosov: 67
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