1. Dataset on fungal community composition of mycelium mesh bags incubated beneath Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus pubescens and Pinus nigra in a patchy sub-Mediterranean Karst woodland, SloveniaTanja Mrak, Philip Alan Brailey-Crane, Nataša Šibanc, Tijana Martinović, Jožica Gričar, Hojka Kraigher, 2025, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Ključne besede: research data, fungi, fungi community, Karst, forest
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.03.2025; Ogledov: 304; Prenosov: 0
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2. Differences in bark anatomy between stem and branches of Olea europaea L.Jožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In addition to morphological characteristics, bark anatomy can provide a more detailed picture of the function of different bark tissues. In the current study, we examined and compared the bark anatomy of the stem and branches of 20-year-old Olea europaea L. We hypothesised that there are differences in bark anatomical traits between stem and branches, which reflect their functional differences in a tree. We found that the widths of bark, phloem + cortex, and periderm significantly differed in the stem and branches; all tissues were wider in the stem. The size and area of the sieve tubes and the proportion of sclerenchyma in the oldest part of the phloem + cortex differed in the stem and the branches. At the same time, numerous similarities in the stem and branch bark anatomy were observed: (1) annual phloem increments could not be determined in the youngest phloem adjacent to the cambium; (2) a distinction between non-conducting and conducting phloem was not possible because the collapse of sieve tubes in non-conducting phloem was not prominent enough to be determined visually; (3) dilatation of rays and axial parenchyma was locally clearly visible; (4) the proportion of phloem and cortex changed with distance from the cambium; secondary phloem constituted the entire bark tissue adjacent to the cambium, while cortex prevailed next to the periderm and (5) phelloderm width did not change with bark age. Differences in the bark structure of the stem and branches of olive trees imply functional differences between these two tree parts and point to different ecological contexts. Moreover, branch bark trait values cannot be used to extrapolate to the main stem bark (or vice versa). Differences support previous studies that have reported that different tree parts are exposed to different microenvironments.
Ključne besede: conducting phloem, cortex, increment, non-conducting phloem, phelloderm, periderm, sclerenchyma, sieve tubes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.03.2025; Ogledov: 581; Prenosov: 1559
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3. Partial asynchrony of coniferous forest carbon sources and sinks at the intra-annual time scaleRoberto Silvestro, Maurizio Mencuccini, Franco Biondi, Jesus Julio Camarero, Alberto Arzac, Filipe Campelo, Katarina Čufar, Henri E. Cuny, Martin De Luis, Annie Deslauriers, Jožica Gričar, Peter Prislan, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues. We show temporally coupled seasonal peaks of carbon assimilation (GPP) and wood cell differentiation, while the two processes are substantially decoupled during off-peak periods. Peaks of cambial activity occur substantially earlier compared to GPP, suggesting the buffer role of non-structural carbohydrates between the processes of carbon assimilation and allocation to wood. Our findings suggest that high-resolution seasonal data of ecosystem carbon fluxes, wood formation and the associated physiological processes may reduce uncertainties in carbon source-sink relationships at different spatial scales, from stand to ecosystem levels.
Ključne besede: carbon sinks, forests, conifers, intra-annual resolution
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.02.2025; Ogledov: 192; Prenosov: 105
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4. No future growth enhancement expected at the Northern edge for European beech due to continued water limitationStefan Klesse, Richard Peters, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Vincent Badeau, Claudia Baittinger, Katarina Čufar, Jožica Gričar, Maks Merela, Peter Prislan, Tom Levanič, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: With ongoing global warming, increasing water deficits promote physiological stress on forest ecosystems with negative impacts on tree growth, vitality, and survival. How individual tree species will react to increased drought stress is therefore a key research question to address for carbon accounting and the development of climate change mitigation strategies. Recent tree-ring studies have shown that trees at higher latitudes will benefit from warmer temperatures, yet this is likely highly species-dependent and less well-known for more temperate tree species. Using a unique pan-European tree-ring network of 26,430 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees from 2118 sites, we applied a linear mixed-effects modeling framework to (i) explain variation in climate-dependent growth and (ii) project growth for the near future (2021–2050) across the entire distribution of beech. We modeled the spatial pattern of radial growth responses to annually varying climate as a function of mean climate conditions (mean annual temperature, mean annual climatic water balance, and continentality). Over the calibration period (1952–2011), the model yielded high regional explanatory power (R2 = 0.38–0.72). Considering a moderate climate change scenario (CMIP6 SSP2-4.5), beech growth is projected to decrease in the future across most of its distribution range. In particular, projected growth decreases by 12%–18% (interquartile range) in northwestern Central Europe and by 11%–21% in the Mediterranean region. In contrast, climate-driven growth increases are limited to around 13% of the current occurrence, where the historical mean annual temperature was below ~6°C. More specifically, the model predicts a 3%–24% growth increase in the high-elevation clusters of the Alps and Carpathian Arc. Notably, we find little potential for future growth increases (−10 to +2%) at the poleward leading edge in southern Scandinavia. Because in this region beech growth is found to be primarily water-limited, a northward shift in its distributional range will be constrained by water availability.
Ključne besede: climate change, climate sensitivity, drought, Fagus sylvatica, growth projection, leading edge, trailing edge, tree rings
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.02.2025; Ogledov: 182; Prenosov: 110
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7. Autumn phenology of mountain birch at the sub-arctic treeline in comparison with silver birch in the cold and mild temperate zonePaolo Zuccarini, Friederike Gehrmann, Manuela Balzarolo, Omar Flores, Jožica Gričar, Bertold Mariën, Matteo Campioli, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Lack of knowledge on autumn phenology of deciduous trees still exists for high-latitude regions. We studied the leaf and wood growth autumn phenology of mountain birch in a sub-arctic climate (northern Sweden) and compared them with the same dynamics for silver birch in a temperate climate (southern Norway and Belgium). The first autumn phenophase for mountain birch was the decline of the remotely sensed Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (TCI) at the end of July. This was followed by wood growth cessation, onset of chlorophyll degradation and of loss of canopy greenness, and the latter accompanied by onset of anthocyanin production and flavonoids degradation. The earlier timing of TCI decline than chlorophyll degradation was probably due to the different scales of measurements (ecosystem level vs. tree leaves, respectively). In 2020, the decline in canopy greenness started in the same period at the three studied sites, showing an unexpected early timing for Belgium, likely due to the very warm late summer conditions and drought stress or intraseasonal legacy effects. Accordingly, wood growth cessation also occurred unexpectedly earlier in Belgium than in Norway. The end of senescence was inversely related to latitude. Our study presents, for the first time, the autumn timeline of a deciduous species at the northern treeline, and indicates that the timing of autumn phenology of birch populations does not consistently follow the latitudinal gradient but varies according to the phenophase, the scale of measurements and the current year meteorological conditions.
Ključne besede: Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, deciduous trees, leaf senescence, terrestrial chlorophyll index, wood phenology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.12.2024; Ogledov: 238; Prenosov: 137
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10. Phloem : a missing link in understanding tree growth response in a changing environmentJožica Gričar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Although the activities of various tree organs and tissues are under different environmental and internal constraints, they need to be coordinated to ensure whole-tree functioning. Dusart et al. (2024) conducted a heating experiment on branches of Juglans regia saplings during the entire growing season to examine the effect of temperature on primary (bud) and secondary (xylem) growth. They found that primary and secondary meristems responded asynchronously to elevated temperature, which suggests that lack of coordination mechanisms between primary and secondary growth at crown scale could have a potential impact on canopy and tree architecture.
Ključne besede: phloem, wood anatomy, tree growth, angiosperms, bark, meristem, non-structural carbohydrates, primary growth, radial growth, secondary growth, temperature, xylem
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.12.2024; Ogledov: 215; Prenosov: 146
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