1. Dendrokronološka analiza debelinskega priraščanja smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) na območju njene naravne in umetne razširjenosti v SlovenijiSamo Stopar, Andrej Kobler, Jernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, 2018 Povzetek: Z dendrokronološkimi metodami smo analizirali debelinsko priraščanje smreke na osmih lokacijah v Sloveniji. Med njimi je bilo pet naravnih smrekovih združb, v druge je bila smreka umetno vnesena v preteklosti, oziroma je bil povečan njen naravni delež. Na vsaki ploskvi smo s prirastoslovnim svedrom odvzeli izvrtke najmanj 20 dreves. V dendrokronološkem laboratoriju smo jih posušili in zbrusili do visokega sijaja, nato pa skenirali s pomočjo sistema ATRICS ter izmerili širine branik v programih CooRecorder in CDendro. Ugotovili smo, da med naravnimi in antropogenimi rastišči ni značilnih razlik v debelinskem priraščanju. Na lokacijah Sorško polje, Ravnik in Mašun smo opazili spremembe v debelinskem priraščanju, ki kažejo, da se vpliv temperature zraka (toplejša poletja) in padavin (pogostejši pojav suše) na rast povečuje. Analiza značilnih let je pokazala, da so le-ta v zadnjih 30 letih pogostejša in da se pojavljajo na več lokacijah hkrati, predvsem pa se je povečalo število negativnih značilnih let, t.j. nadpovprečno toplih in suhih let.
Ključne besede: klimatske spremembe, naravna smrekova rastišča, antropogeno spremenjena rastišča smreke, dendrokronologija, Slovenija, debelinski prirastek
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 04.02.2019; Ogledov: 2080; Prenosov: 1551
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2. Makro EWVA - učinkovito orodje za analizo prevodnih elementov ranega lesa venčastoporoznih listavcevJernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, 2014 Povzetek: V članku je predstavljena uporabnost programa ImageJ v lesni anatomiji. Njegova glavna prednost sta prosta dostopnost ter možnost vključevanja dodatnih vtičnikov in makrov. Program ImageJ smo uporabili kot platformo za razvoj makra EWVA za avtomatizirano prepoznavanje ranega lesa ter hitro in učinkovito analizo trahej venčastoporoznih listavcev. Uporabnost makra EWVA predstavljamo na primeru dveh dobov iz sestoja v Mlačah. V zaključku razpravljamo o prednostih in slabostih uporabljene metode.
Ključne besede: lesna anatomija, Quercus robur, traheje ranega lesa, prevodni elementi, ImageJ, makro, EWVA, Slovenija
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 1834; Prenosov: 587
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3. Odvisnost velikosti prevodnih elementov doba (Quercus robur L.) od temperatur na dveh rastiščih Querco-Carpinetum v SlovenijiJernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, 2015 Povzetek: Namen študije je analizirati odnos med povprečnimi mesečnimi temperaturami in dimenzijami trahej dveh zdravih in ene propadajoče skupine dobov z dveh rastišč Querco-Carpinetum v Sloveniji. Kronologije povprečnih površin trahej in vsot površin trahej smo izdelali po predhodni skrbni pripravi površin vzorcev in analizi slik z makrom EWVA v programu ImageJ. Skupina propadajočih dreves s Cigonce je imela največje povprečne površine trahej in največjo površino prevodnega tkiva, kar povezujemo s propadanjem te skupine. Analiza časovne stabilnosti korelacijskih koeficientov je za propadajoča drevesa pojasnila negativne korelacijske koeficiente, ki niso bili stabilni v času. Vse skupine so se najbolj značilno odzivale na povprečne aprilske temperature. Pri vseh skupinah je bil klimatski signal najmočnejši v parametru povprečna površina trahej. Pri zdravih drevesih iz Mlač v primeru nadaljevanja trenda dvigovanja povprečnih temperatur pričakujemo večje povprečne površine trahej v prihodnjih desetletjih, ki so bolj izpostavljene problemu kavitacije. Padec podtalnice leta 1982 na Cigonci se časovno ujema s pričetkom padanja klimatskega signala v trahejah ranega lesa.
Ključne besede: dendroekologija, propadanje hrastov, anatomija lesa, okoljski signal, Quercus robur, traheje ranega lesa
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 1962; Prenosov: 629
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4. Poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov za leto 2016 : vsebinsko poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov v l. 2016 v skladu s Pravilnikom o varstvu gozdov (2009)Jure Žlogar, Daniel Žlindra, Saša Vochl, Mitja Skudnik, Iztok Sinjur, Primož Simončič, Matej Rupel, Špela Planinšek, Nikica Ogris, Tom Levanič, Jernej Jevšenak, Andrej Grah, Mitja Ferlan, 2017 Ključne besede: varstvo gozdov, monitoring, meteorologija, letni prirastek, poročila
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 03.10.2017; Ogledov: 2069; Prenosov: 464
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5. Uporaba metod strojnega učenja za preučevanje odnosov med značilnostmi branik in okoljemTom Levanič, Sašo Džeroski, Jernej Jevšenak, 2017 Povzetek: Različne študije so pokazale, da lahko z nelinearnimi metodami bolje opišemo (modeliramo) odnos med branikami in okoljem. V naši študiji smo primerjali (multiplo) linearno regresijo (MLR) in štiri nelinearne metode strojnega učenja: modelna drevesa (MT), ansambel bagging modelnih dreves (BMT), umetne nevronske mreže (ANN) in metodo naključnih gozdov (RF). Za primerjavo teh metod modeliranja smo uporabili štiri množice podatkov. Natančnost naučenih modelov smo ocenili z metodo 10-kratnega prečnega preverjanja (ang. 10-fold cross-validation) na naši množici in preverjanjem na dodatni testni množici. Na vseh množicah smo dobili boljše statistične kazalce za nelinearne metode s področja strojnega učenja, s katerimi lahko pojasnimo večji delež variance oz. dobimo manjšo napako. Nobena metoda se ni pokazala kot najboljša v vseh primerih, zato je smiselno predhodno primerjati več različnih metod in nato uporabiti najprimernejšo, npr. za rekonstrukcijo klime.
Ključne besede: strojno učenje, primerjava metod, dendroklimatologija, umetne nevronske mreže, modelna drevesa, ansambel modelnih dreves, naključni gozdovi, linearna regresija
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 21.02.2018; Ogledov: 2021; Prenosov: 1056
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6. DendroTools : R package for studying linear and nonlinear responses between tree-rings and daily environmental dataTom Levanič, Jernej JevšenakPovzetek: We introduce in this paper the dendroTools R package for studying the statistical relationships between tree-ring parameters and daily environmental data. The core function of the package is daily_response(), which works by sliding a moving window through daily environmental data and calculating statistical metrics with one or more tree ring proxies. Possible metrics are correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination and adjusted coeffi- cient of determination. In addition to linear regression, it is possible to use a nonlinear artificial neural network with the Bayesian regularization training algorithm (brnn). dendroTools provides the opportunity to use daily climate data and robust nonlinear functions for the analysis of climate-growth relationships. Models should thus be better adapted to the real (continuous) growth of trees and should gain in predictive capabilities. The dendroTools R package is freely available in the CRAN repository. The functionality of the package is demonstrated on two examples, one using a mean vessel area (MVA) chronology and one a traditional tree-ring width (TRW).
Ključne besede: dendroclimatology, daily climate data, running window, nonlinear modelling, tree-ring proxies, climate reconstruction
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 16.04.2018; Ogledov: 1826; Prenosov: 774
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7. Daily climate data reveal stronger climate-growth relationships for an extended European tree-ring networkJernej Jevšenak, 2019 Povzetek: An extended European tree-ring network was compiled from various sources of tree-ring data from Europe, northern Africa and western Asia. A total of 1860 tree-ring chronologies were used to compare correlation coefficients calculated with aggregated day-wise and month-wise mean temperature, sums of precipitation and standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI). For the daily approach, climate data were aggregated over periods ranging from 21 to 365 days. Absolute correlations calculated with day-wise aggregated climate data were on average higher by 0.060 (temperature data), 0.076 (precipitation data) and 0.075 (SPEI data). Bootstrapped correlations are computationally expensive and were therefore calculated on a 69.4% subset of the data. Bootstrapped correlations indicated statistically significant differences between the daily and monthly approach in approximately 1% of examples. A comparison of time windows used for calculations of correlations revealed slightly later onset and earlier ending day of the year for the daily approach, while the largest differences between the two approaches arise from window lengths: Correlations calculated with day-wise aggregated climate data were calculated using fewer days than the monthly approach. Differences in the onset and ending dates of periods for the daily and monthly approaches were greater for precipitation and SPEI data than for temperature data.
Ključne besede: tree rings, dendroclimatology, tree-ring network, daily climate data, climate-growth relationships, dendroTools
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 21.08.2019; Ogledov: 1106; Prenosov: 442
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8. Seasonal radial growth of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, monitored by the pinning method and manual band dendrometersSimon Poljanšek, Jernej Jevšenak, Jožica Gričar, Tom Levanič, 2019 Povzetek: Despite numerous dendroclimatological investigations into different tree species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, information is lacking on intra-annual wood formation patterns, which would help us to interpret the climate signal in tree rings better. Using the pinning method and manual band dendrometers, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of radial growth of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees in two successive growing seasons: 2011 and 2012. The up to 60-year-old trees grew in a stand at the base of a hill in the western, mountainous part of the Balkan Peninsula. The seasonal dynamics of wood formation and final number of cells differed between the studied years. Wood formation started in both years in early to mid-March. Differences were noticed in the wood production culmination; in 2011 it occurred at the end of May and beginning of June in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Xylem growth finished in 2012 in the middle of August and in 2011 in the middle of September. Based on the first derivative of the Gompertz function calculated rate of xylem growth was lowest in 2011. The dendrometers recorded a slow increment rate in spring, higher in summer and a decreasing rate again in the late summer in both growing seasons. In comparison with pinning, dendrometers showed a delay in the start of radial growth of up to 20 days in 2012. Additionally, dendrometers showed an increase in stem girth after the end of both growing seasons, when wood formation was already completed. Deviations between the two methods could be ascribed to the influence of water storage dynamics in the main stem and numerous structural processes in bark tissue, which are captured in dendrometer data. The influence of weather conditions on xylem phenology is also indicated by differences between the two studied years, although it is difficult to identify the influence of particular short-term weather events.
Ključne besede: pinning, manual dendrometers, radial growth, Pinus nigra, cambium, Balkan Peninsula
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 11.09.2019; Ogledov: 1228; Prenosov: 1404
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9. Obvladovanje tveganj pri gospodarjenju s smreko v gozdovih Slovenije : zaključno poročilo projekta V4-1614Tom Levanič, Lado Kutnar, Andrej Kobler, Aleksander Marinšek, Matjaž Čater, Gregor Božič, Marjana Westergren, Maarten De Groot, Jernej Jevšenak, Samo Stopar, 2020 Ključne besede: gospodarjenje z gozdovi, smreka, Slovenija, smrekovi gozdovi
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 27.05.2020; Ogledov: 541; Prenosov: 280
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10. New features in the dendroTools R package : bootstrapped and partial correlation coefficients for monthly and daily climate dataJernej Jevšenak, 2020 Povzetek: Climate-growth relationships are usually analysed using monthly climate data. The dendroTools R package also provides methodological approaches that enable climate-growth analysis for daily climate data. Such analysis reveals more complete climate signal patterns. In this article, new functions of the dendroTools R package are presented. Partial correlation coefficients are now implemented and can be used to calculate the strength of a linear relationship between two variables, while controlling for a third variable. Bootstrapped correlations can then be used to provide insights into the confidence intervals of statistical estimates. The calculation of partial and bootstrapped correlations is available for daily and monthly data. Finally, data transformation, S3 generic plotting and summary functions are also presented here.
Ključne besede: dendroTools, daily climate data, partial correlations, bootstrap, dendroclimatology
DiRROS - Objavljeno: 24.09.2020; Ogledov: 314; Prenosov: 114
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