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Povzetek: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes significant economic losses and threatens the sustainable production of many important crops. This study represents the first analysis of CMV genetic diversity and population structure in Serbia, based on all five ORFs from nineteen isolates collected across various hosts and regions. Results of molecular and population genetic investigations revealed high genetic diversity and the presence of numerous genetic variants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates from all three subgroups exist in Serbia, with IA being the most prevalent and IB occurring at the 1a gene only. Although findings indicate that majority of the observed variation arises from differences between subgroups, intra-subgroup fixed polymorphisms were also identified. Notably, both recombinants and reassortants were detected, indicating dynamic genetic exchange within the population. Recombination between subgroups IA and II was confirmed in both RNA 2 (II-IA,II-II,II and IB-IA,II-IA,IA) and RNA 3 segments (IA-IA,IA-IA,II), with recombination in the RNA 2 segment being predominant. Additionally, both types of reassortment, including IA/IB (IB-IA,IA-IA,IA) and IA/II (II-IA,IA-II,II) reassortants, were recorded. Moreover, we uncover a novel reassortant/recombinant variant (IB-IA,II-IA,IA) in the natural CMV population. Finally, results of a neutrality test across all five loci suggest demographic effects consistent with population size expansion following bottleneck events during host plant infection. This study provides the first molecular insight into CMV population structure in Serbia, offering new insights into the regional diversity and evolution of the virus. By identifying recombinant and reassortant CMV isolates circulating in Serbia, this work reveals previously unrecognized evolutionary processes shaping CMV populations in the region. These findings fill a significant geographic gap in CMV research in Western Balkans and contribute to a broader understanding of CMV evolution, diversification, and population dynamics globally.
Ključne besede: CMV, genetic diversity, molecular characterization, population genetic parameters, recombination and reassortment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.03.2026; Ogledov: 58; Prenosov: 29
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Ključne besede: diagnostika, virusi, viroidi, fitoplazme, varstvo rastlin
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.02.2026; Ogledov: 164; Prenosov: 12
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Ključne besede: HTS, workshop, nanopores
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.02.2026; Ogledov: 125; Prenosov: 42
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Povzetek: Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) poses a growing threat to tomato and pepper crops, yet its epidemiology remains largelyunexplored. This study aimed to investigate water- and soil-mediated transmission of ToMMV under controlled conditions. Theexperiment involved mechanical inoculation of tomato plants, which demonstrated that infectious ToMMV particles remainedviable in water up to 27 weeks at a 10−2 dilution. In hydroponic systems, ToMMV present in the nutrient solution caused systemicinfection in bait plants within 5–17 weeks, depending on the severity of root injury, while infection was not observed in plantswith intact roots even after 38 weeks of exposure. The transmission of the pathogen via irrigation was also confirmed in an ex-periment where seedlings and seed-derived plants grown in substrate (roots were not deliberately injured) were irrigated withToMMV-contaminated water, resulting in infection 6 and 10 weeks after the start of exposure, respectively. The soil-mediatedtransmission process was further verified by planting healthy seedlings and seeds into previously contaminated substrate, re-sulting in infection within a period of 3–18 weeks. These findings emphasise the need for upgrading integrated managementstrategies, including water quality monitoring and reliable, rapid diagnostics, to mitigate the spread of ToMMV in greenhouseproduction systems. To support the development of effective monitoring strategies, the study also assessed the performance oftwo isothermal amplification assays for potential on-site detection of ToMMV in water. A recombinase-polymerase amplification(RPA) assay exhibited sensitivity comparable to that of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and reliably detected ToMMV incrude water samples without RNA extraction.
Ključne besede: RPA assay, RT- qPCR, survival, tomato, tomato mottle mosaic virus, water-linked epidemiology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2026; Ogledov: 203; Prenosov: 117
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Ključne besede: validation, plant viruses, tobamovirus, ToMMV
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.10.2025; Ogledov: 427; Prenosov: 180
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