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The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: role in carbon cyclingA. Ekblad,
Hojka Kraigher, 2013, pregledni znanstveni članek
Povzetek: There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations in mycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in forest soils is limited. Presently, the production of EMM by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi has been estimated at ~140 different forest sites to be up to several hundreds of kg per ha per year, but the published data are biased towards Picea abies in Scandinavia. Little is known about the standing biomass and turnover of EMM in other systems, and its
influence on the C stored or lost from soils. Here,
focussing on ectomycorrhizas, we discuss the factors
that regulate the production and turnover of EMM and
its role in soil C dynamics, identifying important gaps
in this knowledge. C availability seems to be the key
factor determining EMM production and possibly its
standing biomass in forests but direct effects of mineral nutrient availability on the EMM can be important. There is great uncertainty about the rate of turnover of EMM. There is increasing evidence that residues of EM fungi play a major role in the formation of stable N and C in SOM, which highlights the need to include mycorrhizal effects in models of global soil C stores.
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