1. Twenty-one questions shaping the future of plant phenology research in the 21st centuryBarbara Templ, Johanna Kauffert, José A. Oteros, Sebastian Lehner, Eike Luedeling, Ester Prat, Victor Van der Meersch, Anton Vrieling, Jorad de Vries, Emma Izquierdo-Verdiguier,, Urša Vilhar, Gal Oblišar, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: This Perspective examines the critical frontiers shaping the future of plant phenology research and identifies key emerging challenges and opportunities expected to influence the field in the 21st century. The study is based on a combined approach including a targeted literature review, structured AI-assisted idea generation, and intensive interdisciplinary expert workshop discussions. The resulting research agenda is organized around four principal domains: ecological interactions shaping plant phenology, advanced remote-sensing approaches for monitoring, innovations in phenological modelling and societal implications of phenological change. These domains reveal persistent gaps in current plant phenology research as well as opportunities for significant scientific and practical advances, particularly in integrating ecological, technological and applied perspectives. The synthesis provides practical guidance for future research aimed at improving the understanding, prediction and management of plant phenological shifts, thereby supporting ecological resilience and long-term sustainability.
Keywords: plant phenology, remote sensing, phenological modelling
Published in DiRROS: 30.07.2026; Views: 87; Downloads: 141
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2. Poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov za leto 2025 : vsebinsko poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov v skladu s Pravilnikom o varstvu gozdov (2009)Anže Martin Pintar, Pia Höfferle, Janez Kermavnar, Luka Krajnc, Nike Krajnc, Gal Kušar, Lado Kutnar, Tom Levanič, Gal Oblišar, Nikica Ogris, Matej Rupel, Primož Simončič, Saša Šercer, Urša Vilhar, Daniel Žlindra, 2026, treatise, preliminary study, study Keywords: varstvo gozdov, monitoring, stanje gozdov, zdravstveno stanje krošenj, popis povzročiteljev poškodb, meteorološke meritve, osutost dreves, poročila, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 09.07.2026; Views: 276; Downloads: 121
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3. Razvoj večkriterijske ocene porabe vode v gozdovih (pogodba št. 08/22-MČ z dne 4. 7. 2022) : končno poročiloMatjaž Čater, Erika Kozamernik, Urša Vilhar, 2022, treatise, preliminary study, study Keywords: hidrologija, večkriterijska ocena, gozdovi, poraba vode
Published in DiRROS: 28.05.2026; Views: 298; Downloads: 0
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7. Phenological observations and potential future shifts in the onset of the selected phenophases of representative spring plant species in Slovenia (Corylus avellana, Taraxacum officinale, and Syringa vulgaris)Gal Oblišar, Marko Puškarić, Urša Vilhar, 2025, complete scientific database of research data Abstract: To assess the changes in the spring phenology in the future with particular emphasison the elevation dependence of phenophase onset, a climate-driven phenological model was developed based on the spring indices methodology. Our study investigates both current and projected changes in the timing of flowering onset for common hazel (Corylus avellana), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris). We compiled comprehensive climate data and phenological records from 46 phenological stations of the National Phenological Network of the Slovenian Environment Agency for the period 1971–2020.We used climate projection data for the 21st century under two climate scenarios to evaluate potential future shifts in the onset of the selected phenophases. Specifically, we examined whether the agreement between model predictions and observed records varies with elevation during the reference period (1981–2010) and whether this relationship changes across three future climate periods till 2100.
Keywords: plant phenology, phenological model, elevation dependence, climate change
Published in DiRROS: 30.03.2026; Views: 343; Downloads: 252
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8. Assessment of the potential shifts in the phenological development of representative spring plant species in Slovenia until the end of the 21st century using a model-based approachGal Oblišar, Gregor Gregorič, Andreja Sušnik, Marko Puškarić, Urša Vilhar, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: To assess the changes in the spring phenology in the future with particular emphasis on the elevation dependence of phenophase onset, a climate-driven phenological model was developed based on the spring indices methodology. Our study investigates both current and projected changes in the timing of flowering onset for common hazel (Corylus avellana), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris). We compiled comprehensive climate data and phenological records from 46 phenological stations of the National Phenological Network of the Slovenian Environment Agency for the period 1971–2020. In addition, we used climate projection data for the 21st century under two climate scenarios to evaluate potential future shifts in the onset of the selected phenophases. Specifically, we examined whether the agreement between model predictions and observed records varies with elevation during the reference period (1981–2010) and whether this relationship changes across three future climate periods: 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100. Model results indicate that spring phenophases are expected to occur earlier in Slovenia by the end of the 21st century, consistent with the projected increase in air temperatures. Moreover, the advancement in spring phenology will be more pronounced at higher elevations.
Keywords: plant phenology, phenological model, elevation dependence, climate change
Published in DiRROS: 30.03.2026; Views: 334; Downloads: 228
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9. Integrated multi-scale ecohydrogeological monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics in karst critical zonesNataša Ravbar, Metka Petrič, Mitja Ferlan, Uroš Novak, Janez Kermavnar, Lado Kutnar, Aleksander Marinšek, Daniel Žlindra, Blaž Kogovšek, Erika Kozamernik, Cyril Mayaud, David Štefanič, Sara Skok, Janez Mulec, Stanka Šebela, Urša Vilhar, 2026, other scientific articles Abstract: Contemporary environmental concerns highlight the vulnerability of karst environments to changing hydrometeorological patterns and vegetation disturbance, necessitating a unified, interdisciplinary strategy for comprehensive understanding. This paper critically examines the current state of research. To overcome the identified gaps, it presents an integrated multi-scale ecohydrogeological monitoring approach tailored to karst critical zones (KCZ) and its spatio-temporal variability. Forested karst aquifer in Slovenia is used as a case study to demonstrate and assess the strengths and limitations of the proposed monitoring framework. To decipher flow dynamics and propose customized data collection strategies the approach combines surface and underground sites and employs advanced methods adapted to the challenges of karst environments. The results highlight the benefits and advancements of monitoring and sampling approaches to ensure representativeness in heterogeneous environments. The focus is on the use of enhanced precipitation monitoring systems to expand sampling areas nearly fivefold and improve precipitation and throughfall measurements. Additionally, customized lysimeter techniques for karst soils and microscale adaptations for cave exploration have been developed, addressing the challenges of instrument placement in environments with significant variability. Further opportunities lie in improving instrument protection, integrating sensor networks, combining remote sensing and scaling from plot to aquifer level. However, challenges remain in achieving spatio-temporal representativeness and ensuring the operational reliability of snow monitoring, soil solution sampling and drip flow measurements. Threats include environmental pressures and hydrometeorological conditions, equipment tampering and funding stability. Nevertheless, this comprehensive approach improves monitoring of ecohydrogeological processes in the KCZ, promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and environmental resource management.
Keywords: Karst, integrated monitoring, interdisciplinary strategy, hydrological processes, environmental management, ecohydrology
Published in DiRROS: 21.03.2026; Views: 505; Downloads: 511
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