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2. In pursuit of change : divergent temporal shifts in climate sensitivity of Norway spruce along an elevational and continentality gradient in the CarpathiansAndrei Popa, Jernej Jevšenak, Ionel Popa, Ovidiu Badea, Allan Buras, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Across much of Europe, climate change has caused a major dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), an economically important tree species. However, the southeasternmost fringe of this tree species – the Eastern Carpathians – has not yet suffered large-scale dieback. Studying temporal shifts of climate sensitivity (TSCS) over time may elucidate the degree to which Norway spruce may be vulnerable to climate-change induced decline in upcoming decades. Under this framework, we analyzed a regional tree-ring network comprising >3000 trees, with the aim of quantifying TSCS since 1950. We mathematically defined TSCS as the slope parameter of the regression of climate sensitivity (the correlation coefficient) over time. Given the often-observed contrasting shift of climate sensitivity at low versus high elevations, we were particularly interested in studying potentially divergent TSCS along elevational and spatial gradients. Our analyses revealed several indications of TSCS for Norway spruce in the Eastern Carpathians. First, at high elevations (>1100 m a.s.l.), we found that the positive link between summer temperature and spruce growth decreased significantly over the study period. In turn, these trees, over time, featured an increasing positive relationship with late winter temperatures. At low elevations (<800 m a.s.l.), the signal of positive summer Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) correlation became more frequent among sites towards 2021, while the strength of the positive winter SPEI correlation from the previous growing season weakened. Our results revealed that TSCS was driven significantly by an elevational climate gradient and a longitudinal continentality gradient. Overall, our findings indicate that Norway spruce is increasingly affected by water limitations under climate change at low elevations, highlighting a potentially rising risk of decline of this species in the Eastern Carpathians.
Ključne besede: temperature, water availability, climate change, tree-ring width, non-stationarity, Picea abies, daily climate-growth relationships
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.09.2024; Ogledov: 229; Prenosov: 636
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3. Predicting GPP in Carpathian Beech Forests: Uncovering spatial and temporal patterns using a regression model with climatic, topographic and additional featuresAzim Missarov, Jakub Kašpar, Kamil Král, O. Brovkina, M. Švik, 2024, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: gross primary product, regression model, remote sensing, temperature, precipitation, digital elevation model
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 267; Prenosov: 62
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4. Monitoring forest response using Sentinel-2 observations to climatic factors along the Carpathian MountainsTatjana Veljanovski, Nina Krašovec, Ana Burgin, O. Brovkina, M. Švik, Matjaž Čater, 2024, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: entinel-2 time-series, forest canopy, precipitation, temperature, lagging effects
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 276; Prenosov: 1405
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5. Stress tolerance of three opportunistic black yeastsJanja Zajc, Cene Gostinčar, Metka Lenassi, Nina Gunde-Cimerman, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Many species of black yeasts can survive extremely harsh conditions and can quickly adapt to novel environments. These traits were proposed to have a role in the ability of some fungal species tocolonise indoor habitats inhospitable for majority of microorganisms, and to cause (opportunistic)infections in humans. In order to better understand the stress tolerance of black yeasts and thereby their opportunism, we focused our research on the three model black yeasts: the polyextremotolerant Au-reobasidium melanogenum and Exophiala dermatitidis, and the extremely halotolerant Hortaeawerneckii. These black yeasts are shown to thrive at temperatures, salinities, pH values and, H2O2 concentrations that inhibit growth of mesophilic species. Most importantly, unlike their close relatives they can not only grow, but also synthesize siderophores (E. dermatitidis) or degradeproteins (A. melanogenum) at 37 °C - traits that are crucial for pathogenesis in humans. These results support the hypothesis that the ability to cope with various environmental stresses is linked to the opportunistic behaviour of fungi. Therefore, better understanding of the connections between the stress-tolerant biology of black fungi and their ability to cause disease is needed, in particular due to their changing interactions with humans and their emerging pathogenicity.
Ključne besede: melanised fungi, temperature, NaCl, pH tolerance, ROS, oligotrophism, proteolytic activity, capsule
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Ogledov: 330; Prenosov: 176
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6. Recent changes (2013-2017) in scyphomedusan fauna in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro (Southeast Adriatic)Ivana Violić, Tjaša Kogovšek, Branka Pestorić, Vesna Mačić, Ivona Milić Beran, Davor Lučić, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: A semi- quantitative time series (2013-2017) was used to present the recent events of scyphomedusae appearance and abundance in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro, Southeast Adriatic. Six meroplanktonic species were recorded: Aurelia spp, Chrysaora hysoscella, Cotylorhiza tuberculata¸ Discomedusa lobata, Drymonema dalmatinum and Rhizostoma pulmo. Among them, C. hysoscella and D. lobata dominated in the water column during winter and spring, forming dense aggregations in March and May, and February to May, respectively. Our description of the D. lobata blooms are actually the first known records of blooms for this species. C. tuberculata was observed in the Bay principally in August and September. The bloom was occurred only in 2017, being the first information of C. tuberculata mass appearance in this area. We hypothesized that global warming phenomena could trigger the observed changes, and in this respect, long-term trends of sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuations were analysed. The scyphomedusae blooms coincided with high positive SST anomalies, noted in the last seven years for this area. To better understand the mechanisms underlying changes in their phenology and abundance, detailed studies on benthic stages in the Bay are essential.
Ključne besede: jellyfish, blooms, phenology, sea surface temperature, Mediterranean Sea
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.07.2024; Ogledov: 368; Prenosov: 221
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7. Temperature effects explain continental scale distribution of cyanobacterial toxinsEvanthia Mantzouki, Tina Eleršek, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: nsight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.
Ključne besede: microcystin, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin, temperature, direct effects, indirect effects, spatial distribution, European Multi Lake Survey
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.07.2024; Ogledov: 293; Prenosov: 254
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8. Too hot to handle : effects of water temperature on the early life stages of Gongolaria barbata (Fucales)Ana Lokovšek, Valentina Pitacco, Annalisa Falace, Domen Trkov, Martina Orlando-Bonaca, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Gongolaria barbata plays a crucial role as a habitat-forming Fucales species in the Mediterranean Sea, thriving in shallow, sheltered coastal regions, where it exhibits optimal growth in a temperature range of 10 to 25 °C. In the northern Adriatic Sea, a semi-enclosed part of the Mediterranean, there has been a remarkable increase in seawater temperatures in recent decades, often exceeding 28 °C in summer. These high temperatures pose a significant threat to the vulnerable early life stages of G. barbata. This study delves into the effects of four temperatures (15, 18, 24, and 28 °C) on the growth of G. barbata over its first 16 days, closely monitoring mortality, deformities, and overall survival. Our experiments reveal that higher temperatures can result in deformities and increased mortality of germlings. Notably, a temperature of 28 °C resulted in the death of all germlings within the first week, whereas those exposed to 24 °C survived until the second week, albeit with significant deformities prior to death. In contrast, germlings cultivated at 15 and 18 °C exhibited normal development with minimal deformities. These results highlight the susceptibility of the early life stages of G. barbata to temperature-induced stress and provide valuable insights into the potential consequences of rising seawater temperatures in the Mediterranean.
Ključne besede: sea temperature, early stages of growth, deformations, macroalgae, climate change, Mediterranean Sea
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.05.2024; Ogledov: 510; Prenosov: 457
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9. Response of beech and fir to different light intensities along the Carpathian and Dinaric MountainsMatjaž Čater, Pia Caroline Adamič, Eva Dařenová, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Predicting global change mitigations based on environmental variables, like temperature and water availability, although yielding insightful hypothesis still lacks the integration of environmental responses. Physiological limits should be assessed to obtain a complete representation of a species’ fundamental niche. Detailed ecophysiological studies on the response of trees along the latitudinal gradient are rare. They could shed light on the behaviour under different light intensities and other studied traits. The forests of the Dinaric Mountains and the Carpathians represent the largest contiguous forest complexes in south-eastern Europe. In uneven-aged Carpathian (8 plots) and Dinaric Mountain (11 plots) forests, net assimilation (Amax) and maximum quantum yield (Φ) were measured for beech and fir in three predefined light intensity categories according to the indirect site factor (ISF%) obtained by the analysis of hemispherical photographs in managed and old growth forests, all located above 800 m a.s.l. The measurements were carried out under fixed environmental conditions in each light category per plot for three consecutive years. Data from the last 50-year average period from the CRU TS 4.01 dataset were used for the comparison between Amax, Φ, and climate. The highest Φ for beech were observed in the central part of the Dinaric Mountains and in the south westernmost and northwesternmost part of the Carpathians for both beech and fir, while they were highest for fir in the Dinaric Mountains in the northwesternmost part of the study area. The Φ-value of beech decreased in both complexes with increasing mean annual temperature and was highest in the open landscape. For fir in the Carpathians, Φ decreased with increasing mean annual temperature, while in the Dinaric Mountains it increased with higher temperature and showed a more scattered response compared to the Carpathians. Short-term ecophysiological responses of beech and fir were consistent to long-term radial growth observations observed on same locations. The results may provide a basis and an indication of the future response of two tree species in their biogeographical range to climate change in terms of competitiveness, existence and consequently forest management decisions.
Ključne besede: silver fir, beech, light response, Carpathian Mountains, Dinaric Mountains, temperature, precipitation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.05.2024; Ogledov: 465; Prenosov: 546
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10. Kako podnebne spremembe in velikopovršinske motnje vplivajo na naravne ekosisteme? : učno gradivo pri predmetu Globalne spremembe in gozdni ekosistemi, BF Odd. za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vireLado Kutnar, 2024, drugo učno gradivo Ključne besede: podnebne spremembe, motnje, temperature, gozdni ekosistemi, drevesne vrste, pričakovana razporeditev gozdov, model, IPCC, ARSO, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.04.2024; Ogledov: 439; Prenosov: 0 |
