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Povzetek: Soils sustain a number of functions playing a key role in ecosystem functioning and providing a multitude of services to human society. While it is acknowledged that all soils are multifunctional, there is, to date, limited knowledge on how the supply of soil functions and their combination differ spatially with land use type, soil characteristics, climate and land use intensity at large geographical scales. We address this gap by quantifying five functions of major importance to European soils: (1) primary productivity, (2) water regulation, (3) climate regulation, (4) nutrient cycling and (5) provision of habitat for biodiversity. We built a multi-attribute semi-quantitative model with a hierarchical structure. The model is structured for the large-scale evaluation of soil functions and takes as input a set of indicators related to dynamic and stable soil properties, as well as climate, topography and management practices, and returns qualitative aggregated attributes representing the soil functions supply. Thresholds for the soil functions supply are obtained by statistical analysis coupled with expert knowledge and vary across European environmental zones. The model is tested utilizing a large pan-European dataset focused on cropland and grassland systems. Statistical distributions of soil functions supply are obtained alongside alpha- and beta-multifunctionality representing the diversity of soil functions represented at a sampling location and the unique contribution of the sampled site to the regional (i.e. NUTS3 level) soil functions supply, respectively. We found that the supply of soil functions varied greatly across landscapes in Europe and between environmental zones. Spatial patterns of the alpha- and beta-multifunctionality revealed hotspots of multifunctionality (alpha multifunctionality) but also sites providing a set of soil function delivery unique within the region (beta multifunctionality). Few sites are both unique and highly diverse. Our study set a baseline estimate of soil functions in Europe as a prerequisite to consider soil functions in environmental planning.
Ključne besede: multifunctionality, soil health, soil quality, ecosystem services, multi-attribute modelling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.01.2026; Ogledov: 346; Prenosov: 139
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Povzetek: Agricultural production is predicted to double during the next century. To ensure food security in response to global population growth is a challenge and will require strategies that mitigate associated environmental damage in ways consistent with United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. One possible approach is to utilize organic fertilizers from marine sources to improve soil structure by enhancing activities of soil organisms and restoring essential plant nutrients to the soil. Here we identify opportunities to develop organic fertilizers from two types of materials of marine origin: seagrass wrack and jellyfish biomass. Seagrass wrack often occurs as undesirable waste material on beaches. In many coastal areas around the world jellyfish bloom presents a nuisance because of negative impacts on marine ecosystem productivity. Several investigations have reported that organic fertilizers produced from seagrass and jellyfish could enhance coastal ecosystem services by reducing pollution, and by improving soil health and quality. Recent research indicates that seagrass litter improves soil water holding capacity and the nutritional value of crops; moreover, it can be used as multi-functional fertilizer, due to its content of valuable macro- and microelements. The application of jellyfish fertilizer increases soil contents of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and enhances the growth and survival of seedlings significantly. In this overview we describe novel approaches regarding the utilization of seagrass and jellyfish as sources of fertilizer, and experimental studies on the influences of marine organic fertilizers on soil restoration, and implications for coastal management.
Ključne besede: seagrass, jellyfish, soil ecosystem, sustainable agriculture, soil fertility, blue economy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 1263; Prenosov: 8025
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Povzetek: The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes. In this article, we review the main soil biological actors (microbiota, fauna and roots) and their effects on soil functioning. We review to what extent they have been included in soil models and propose which of them could be included in ecosystem models. We show that the model representation of the soil food web, the impact of soil ecosystem engineers on soil structure and the related effects on hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization are key issues in improving ecosystem-scale soil representation in models. Finally, we describe a new core model concept (KEYLINK) that integrates insights from SOM models, structural models and food web models to simulate the living soil at an ecosystem scale.
Ključne besede: soil fauna, model, Soil Organic Matter, SOM, hydrology, pore size distribution, PSD, soil biota, ecosystem
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.09.2020; Ogledov: 2650; Prenosov: 2084
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Povzetek: Soil is one of the most species-rich habitats and plays a crucial role in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. It is acknowledged that soils and their biota deliver many ecosystem services. However, up to now, cultural ecosystem services (CES) provided by soil biodiversity remained virtually unknown. Here we present a multilingual and multisubject literature review on cultural benefits provided by belowground biota in European forests. We found 226 papers mentioning impact of soil biota on the cultural aspects of human life. According to the reviewed literature, soil organisms contribute to all CES. Impact on CES, as reflected in literature, was highest for fungi and lowest for microorganisms and mesofauna. Cultural benefits provided by soil biota clearly prevailed in the total of the reviewed references, but there were also negative effects mentioned in six CES. The same organism groups or even individual species may have negative impacts within one CES and at the same time act as an ecosystem service provider for another CES. The CES were found to be supported at several levels of ecosystem service provision: from single species to two or more functional/taxonomical groups and in some cases morphological diversity acted as a surrogate for species diversity. Impact of soil biota on CES may be both direct % by providing the benefits (or dis-benefits) and indirect through the use of the products or services obtained from these benefits. The CES from soil biota interacted among themselves and with other ES, but more than often, they did not create bundles, because there exist temporal fluctuations in value of CES and a time lag between direct and indirect benefits. Strong regionality was noted for most of CES underpinned by soil biota: the same organism group or species may have strong impact on CES (positive, negative or both) in some regions while no, minor or opposite effects in others. Contrarily to the CES based on landscapes, in the CES provided by soil biota distance between the ecosystem and its CES benefiting area is shorter (CES based on landscapes are used less by local people and more by visitors, meanwhile CES based on species or organism groups are used mainly by local people). Our review revealed the existence of a considerable amount of spatially fragmented and semantically rich information highlighting cultural values provided by forest soil biota in Europe.
Ključne besede: soil biota, forests, soil ecosystem services, Europe
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.02.2020; Ogledov: 2885; Prenosov: 1740
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