1. Television food advertising to children in Slovenia : analyses using a large 12-month advertising datasetŽiva Lavriša, Igor Pravst, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Objectives: The marketing of energy-dense foods is recognised as a probable causal factor in children's overweight and obesity. To stimulate policymakers to start using nutrient profiling to restrict food marketing, a harmonised model was recently proposed by the WHO. Our objective is to evaluate the television advertising of foods in Slovenia using the above-mentioned model. Methods: An analysis is performed using a representative dataset of 93,902 food-related advertisements broadcast in Slovenia in year 2013. The advertisements are linked to specific foods, which are then subject to categorisation according to the WHO and UK nutrient profile model. Results: Advertising of chocolate and confectionery represented 37% of food-related advertising in all viewing times, and 77% in children's (4-9 years) viewing hours. During these hours, 96% of the food advertisements did not pass the criteria for permitted advertising according to the WHO profile model. Conclusions: Evidence from Slovenia shows that, in the absence of efficient regulatory marketing restrictions, television advertising of food to children is almost exclusively linked to energy-dense foods. Minor modifications of the proposed WHO nutrient profile model are suggested.
Ključne besede: food advertising, nutrient profile, regulation, children, television, marketing
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.11.2025; Ogledov: 109; Prenosov: 55
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2. Multiplex quantification of 19 GM soybean lines using digital PCRAmadej Jelenčič, Dejan Štebih, Tina Demšar, David Dobnik, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Povzetek: The European Union (EU) imposes strict regulations on the presence of genetically modified (GM) material in food and feed, requiring thorough testing of samples for various GM lines. Although traditional quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods are sensitive and robust, they are not cost-effective for managing large numbers of GM events due to their limited multiplexing capabilities. Conversely, digital PCR (dPCR) is capable of robust quantitative multiplexing in addition to other benefits such as absolute quantification and better tolerance of PCR inhibitors. In this context, we present a protocol for multiplex quantification of 19 GM soybean lines using dPCR as an improvement over the currently used simplex qPCR approach. This method enables simple and robust quantification of common GM soybean lines with a relatively low number of reactions.
Ključne besede: genetically modified soybean, GMO, multiplexing, food and feed, food regulation, digital PCR (dPCR)
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.11.2025; Ogledov: 81; Prenosov: 18
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3. Recommendations for successful substantiation of new health claims in the European UnionIgor Pravst, Anita Kušar, Katja Žmitek, Krista Miklavec, Živa Lavriša, Liisa Lähteenmäki, Viktorija Kulikovskaja, Rosalind N. Malcolm, Charo E. Hodgkins, Monique Raats, 2018, pregledni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: functional foods, health claims, food labelling, substantiation, regulation, European Union
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.11.2025; Ogledov: 126; Prenosov: 63
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4. Towards harmonized reduction of seismic vulnerability : analyzing regulatory and Incentive frameworks in the Adriatic—Ionian RegionPetra Triller, Angela Santangelo, Giulia Marzani, Maja Kreslin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The Adriatic–Ionian region is seismically very active and poses a major challenge for risk mitigation. Each country has developed laws, standards, and techniques to reduce seismic vulnerability. The ADRISEISMIC project created a database of existing regulatory and incentive frameworks, based on a comprehensive study conducted in six countries. The study covered seismic norms, building regulations, urban planning regulations, incentive frameworks, and post-earthquake planning. A comparative matrix was developed in which key parameters, such as year of issuance, references to EU regulations, level of enforcement, mandatory status, target groups, reference period in relation to earthquake occurrence, and consideration of cultural heritage, were analyzed. The database aims to support a harmonized strategy to reduce seismic vulnerability by promoting measures based on common reference standards. This increases safety, improves the built environment, and minimizes risks to people and nature. Particular attention will be paid to historic urban areas that are both vulnerable and rich in cultural heritage. The collected regulatory and incentive framework will serve as a basis for future research to support the identification of good practices and the formulation of customized roadmaps to apply them to reduce seismic vulnerability.
Ključne besede: seismic vulnerability, regulatory and incentive frameworks, survey, seismic norms, building regulation, urban planning regulation, seismic incentive frameworks, post-earthquake planning, adriatic–ionian region, collection and systematization of documents
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.08.2025; Ogledov: 314; Prenosov: 223
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5. Private forest owner typology based on post-disturbance behaviour in SloveniaDarja Stare, Zala Uhan, Matevž Triplat, Špela Ščap, Nike Krajnc, Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In recent years, Europe has experienced an unexpectedly high frequency of natural disturbances. Private forest owners (PFOs), who manage a significant proportion of European forests and have diverse objectives and approaches to forest management, play a crucial role in salvage logging. The aim of this study was to (i) categorise PFOs based on their forest management objectives, experience with regular forest management, and responses to natural disturbances, and (ii) propose policy implications for particular PFO groups to improve salvage logging operations and meet legal requirements. A survey was conducted among a random sample of PFOs whose forests were affected by natural disturbances (n = 547). The survey data were analysed using K-means cluster analysis, and three groups of PFOs were identified. The outsourcing-oriented managers (32%) responded most strongly to natural disturbances, with 96.0% carrying out salvage logging. This highly co-operative group often relies on forest contractors and demonstrates the highest commitment to performing forest management activities among the three groups. The self-reliant managers (42%) also responded strongly (92.6% carried out salvage logging) and are characterised by a strong preference for performing the work themselves. The group of less active managers (26%) included the highest proportion of PFOs who did not conduct salvage logging (19.0%) and those with no previous forest management experience (12.0%). Despite these differences, common policy instruments based on smart regulation principles are proposed to promote efficient salvage logging. The results may contribute to the holistic transformation of forest policy and management in response to the current challenges posed by large-scale natural disturbances.
Ključne besede: natural disturbances, salvage logging, private forest owners’ behaviour responses, smart regulation principles, forest policy recommendations
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.06.2025; Ogledov: 571; Prenosov: 311
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6. The concept and recognition of minorities in the practice of UN treaty bodies : a case study from the Alpine Adriatic Pannonian areaNoémi Nagy, 2025, ni določena Povzetek: International law regularly operates with the term ‘minorities’ and related concepts when recognizing group specific rights, without actually setting out definitions on the protected groups. However, while the law itself is largely silent on the issue of conceptualization, the practice of monitoring organs can provide guidance in this regard. Therefore, this paper draws on the comparative legal analysis of the case law of UN human rights treaty bodies. Specifically, concluding observations on State reports will be analysed in the context of the Alpine Adriatic Pannonian area, including Slovenia and its neighbours as well as other former states of Yugoslavia. The paper aims to show the emerging consensus within the approaches of the individual treaty bodies, and to identify elements of the minority concept which appear systematically in the practice of all treaty bodies in the examined region, therefore contributing to the conceptualization of minorities in the framework of international human rights law.
Ključne besede: conceptualization of minorities, UN treaty bodies, Alpine Adriatic Pannonian area, legal regulation of the status of ethnic communities
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.05.2025; Ogledov: 680; Prenosov: 196
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7. Images, Artificial Intelligence, and Informational NihilismVeronica Neri, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Artificially generated images open up new ethical issues. Since it is no longer easy to understand and discern the true from the false, we can adopt a consciously critical view or a nihilistic view. In the field of information, the criterion of visual truth has become abolished. Artificial images are “nontransparent,” subject to a potentially endless process of transformation; they are, moreover, replete with biases that make it difficult to understand the meaning of the image. The crisis of truth, the personalization of visual data, the enclosure into knowledge bubbles, machine learning systems, their conveyance and reception, question the very existence of visual information. The risk is the process of “defacticization” of reality, a loss of trust in the facts being told. This can lead to a kind of informational nihilism and the extinction of trust in “the other.” Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on an ethics that overcomes the devaluation of the meaning of today’s visual signs and allows them to be rehabilitated as bearers of informational, but also social, cultural, and anthropological meaning.
Ključne besede: artificial images, defacticization, nihilism, regulation, visual information
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.01.2025; Ogledov: 717; Prenosov: 225
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8. TGA transcription factors : structural characteristics as basis for functional variabilityŠpela Tomaž, Kristina Gruden, Anna Coll Rius, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: TGA transcription factors are essential regulators of various cellular processes, their activity connected to different hormonal pathways, interacting proteins and regulatory elements. Belonging to the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family, TGAs operate by binding to their target DNA sequence as dimers through a conserved bZIP domain. Despite sharing the core DNA-binding sequence, the TGA paralogues exert somewhat different DNA-binding preferences. Sequence variability of their N- and C-terminal protein parts indicates their importance in defining TGA functional specificity through interactions with diverse proteins, affecting their DNA-binding properties. In this review, we provide a short and concise summary on plant TGA transcription factors from a structural point of view, including the relation of their structural characteristics to their functional roles in transcription regulation.
Ključne besede: DOG1 domain, functional variability, intrinsically disordered regions, plant transcription regulation, post-translational modifications, structural characteristics, TGA transcription factors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Ogledov: 1101; Prenosov: 878
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9. Direct regulation of shikimate, early phenylpropanoid, and stilbenoid pathways by subgroup 2 R2R3-MYBs in grapevineLuis Orduña, Miaomiao Li, David Navarro-Payá, Chen Zhang, A. Santiago, Pablo Romero, Živa Ramšak, Gabriele Magon, Janine Höll, Patrick Merz, Kristina Gruden, Alessandro Vannozzi, Dario Cantu, Jochen Bogs, Darren C. J. Wong, Shao-shan Carol Huang, José Tomás Matus, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The stilbenoid pathway is responsible for the production of resveratrol in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). A few transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as regulators of this pathway but the extent of this control has not been deeply studied. Here we show how DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) allows for the genome-wide TF-binding site interrogation in grape. We obtained 5190 and 4443 binding events assigned to 4041 and 3626 genes for MYB14 and MYB15, respectively (approximately 40% of peaks located within −10 kb of transcription start sites). DAP-Seq of MYB14/MYB15 was combined with aggregate gene co-expression networks (GCNs) built from more than 1400 transcriptomic datasets from leaves, fruits, and flowers to narrow down bound genes to a set of high confidence targets. The analysis of MYB14, MYB15, and MYB13, a third uncharacterized member of Subgroup 2 (S2), showed that in addition to the few previously known stilbene synthase (STS) targets, these regulators bind to 30 of 47 STS family genes. Moreover, all three MYBs bind to several PAL, C4H, and 4CL genes, in addition to shikimate pathway genes, the WRKY03 stilbenoid co-regulator and resveratrol-modifying gene candidates among which ROMT2-3 were validated enzymatically. A high proportion of DAP-Seq bound genes were induced in the activated transcriptomes of transient MYB15-overexpressing grapevine leaves, validating our methodological approach for delimiting TF targets. Overall, Subgroup 2 R2R3-MYBs appear to play a key role in binding and directly regulating several primary and secondary metabolic steps leading to an increased flux towards stilbenoid production. The integration of DAP-Seq and reciprocal GCNs offers a rapid framework for gene function characterization using genome-wide approaches in the context of non-model plant species and stands up as a valid first approach for identifying gene regulatory networks of specialized metabolism.
Ključne besede: secondary metabolism, regulatory networks, transcription factors, transcriptional regulation, DNA affinity purification sequencing
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Ogledov: 918; Prenosov: 585
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