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Povzetek: With the trend towards renewable alternatives to fossil fuel sources, further uses of biomass and waste ash instead of landfilling are being explored. This study investigates the potential of fly and bottom ashes from burning wood (alone or with coal), as well as coal-co-combustion of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and paper sludge, for use in extruded fired bricks fired at 950 °C. The influence of ash content (0 to 15 wt% ash) and ash type (10 wt% ash) on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of the fired bricks was studied. The compressive strength of the reference sample without ash was 72.6 MPa and decreased gradually with an increasing ash content. Open porosity ranged from 28% (reference, no ash) to 43% (15 wt% ash), and water absorption from 12% to 28%, reflecting the pore-forming role of the added ashes. All samples had a compressive strength above the 10 MPa limit specified in EN 772-1, except for bricks with 5 wt% paper sludge bottom ash (B4, W-PS BA). The leaching concentrations indicate that heavy metals were effectively immobilised within the ceramic structure of the fired bricks, relative to inert and non-hazardous waste limit values under EN 12457-2 test conditions. These results suggest that 5% substitution of primary raw materials with ashes may contribute to the production of bricks with reduced environmental impact and improved resource efficiency. The study provides a basis for further formulation of extruded bricks with biomass and waste-derived ashes.
Ključne besede: biomass and waste derived ashes, clay, extruded fired bricks, ceramic-technological tests, microstructure, leaching
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 83; Prenosov: 92
Celotno besedilo (11,22 MB)
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Ključne besede: aluminium, casting, strip, microstructure, hardness
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 95; Prenosov: 54
Celotno besedilo (2,79 MB)

Povzetek: The dataset supports the data in the tables and figures in the research the article. It contains the original results of the XRF measurements, particle size distribution (PSD) measurements, the original data of the XRD analyses (for raw materials and fired bricks), the original results of the water absorption and shrinkage of the samples (firing in the gradient kiln), the original results of the ceramic-technological tests of bricks after drying and firing at 950 °C, the original results of the MIP, individual measurements of the pore diameter and the crack width by means of SEM and original ICP-MS measurements of fired bricks and raw materials.
Ključne besede: biomass and waste derived ashes, clay, extruded fired bricks, ceramic-technological tests, microstructure, leaching, pepeli sežiga biomase in odpadkov, glina, ekstrudirane žgane opeke, keramično-tehnološki testi, mikrostruktura, izluževanje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 127; Prenosov: 66
Raziskovalni podatki (1,99 MB)
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Povzetek: 3D printing is transforming manufacturing and biomedicine, yet it has not been demonstrated inside living cells. Additionally, there is no method to deliver micron-scale, free-standing solid microstructures directly into the cytosol of non-phagocytic cells. Here, both of these challenges are addressed by fabricating custom-shaped polymeric microstructures directly inside living cells using two-photon polymerization. A bio-compatible photoresist is injected into cells and selectively polymerized with a femtosecond laser, creating intracellular structures with submicron resolution. Structures of various shapes are printed in live cells, including a 10 elephant, barcodes for cell tracking, diffraction gratings for remote readout, and microlasers. The printed structures in cells can affect the cell biology. The demonstrated top-down intracellular biofabrication approach, combined with functional photoresists, may enable new applications in intracellular sensing, biomechanical manipulation, bioelectronics, and targeted drug delivery. These embedded structures could provide novel control over the intracellular environment, allowing engineering of cellular properties beyond natural limits and genetic engineering.
Ključne besede: living cells, polymeric microstructure
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.01.2026; Ogledov: 452; Prenosov: 342
Celotno besedilo (2,06 MB)
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Ključne besede: chemical solution deposition, thin films, crystallinity, dielectric permittivity, microstructure
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.01.2026; Ogledov: 489; Prenosov: 198
Celotno besedilo (2,69 MB)