1. Packaging of macroscopic material payloads : needs, challenges, concepts, and future directionsVenkata Subba R. Jampani, Manos Anyfantakis, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The packaging of various material goods is a necessary element in numerous sectors, ranging from the food and pharmaceutical industry to biotechnology and medicine to space missions. Packaging has a multifaceted complexity inherently linked to both the properties of the materials involved and the requirements of the intended application. This level of complexity calls for the development of smart materials engineering solutions, necessitating crossing the boundaries between various science disciplines. Despite this, discussions of packaging often remain fragmented by industrial sector and rarely treat it as a materials science and interfacial engineering problem. Here, we introduce a unified framework that decomposes any packaging system into the payload, packaging material, and packaging strategy, and combines them into a conceptual packaging equation: packaging strategy = payload + packaging material. We focus on payloads with sizes (volumes) ranging from approximately 100 μm (~pL) to 1 cm (~mL) and review relevant packaging strategies developed. To offer a systematic analysis, we categorize packaging strategies by the phase of the payload, and provide illustrative examples involving liquids, gases, solids, and mixed-phase payloads. Moreover, we discuss strategies based on their functionality (neutral, multifunctional, responsive) and packaging application location (in situ vs. ex situ). Our analysis is largely from the perspective of soft matter and interface science. Besides forming the basis of many of the examples discussed, these fields offer exciting opportunities for future research on packaging, both from a materials standpoint and a conceptual perspective. This includes the development necessary for smart packaging strategies that combine multifunctionality with responsiveness, as well as addressing traditional (e.g., cost-efficiency, scaling up) and emerging (e.g., sustainability, end-of-life) challenges. We intend to stimulate creativity and encourage interdisciplinary collaboration by inviting researchers and engineers from diverse fields to contribute novel ideas for addressing a truly complex yet highly fascinating problem.
Ključne besede: encapsulation, interface science, macroscopic payloads, packaging, responsive packaging, smart packaging
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.04.2026; Ogledov: 204; Prenosov: 199
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2. Influence of curing stress on the pull-out behavior of a single geogrid rib placed in cement-stabilized dredged slurryChengchun Qiu, Liwei Xu, Yang Li, Dan Zhang, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: dredged slurry, geogrid, curing stress, interface properties, pull-out test
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 1114; Prenosov: 325
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4. High-resolution correlative microscopy approach for nanobio interface studies of nanoparticle-induced lung epithelial cell damageRok Podlipec, Luka Pirker, Ana Krišelj, Gregor Hlawacek, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Primož Pelicon, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM) has become essential in life sciences due to advancements in imaging resolution, sensitivity, and sample preservation. In nanotoxicology─specifically, studying the health effects of particulate matter exposure─CLEM can enable molecular-level structural as well as functional analysis of nanoparticle interactions with lung tissue, which is key for the understanding of modes of action. In our study, we implement an integrated high-resolution fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and hyperspectral fluorescence imaging (fHSI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultrahigh resolution helium ion microscopy (HIM) and synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (SR μXRF), to characterize the nanobio interface and to better elucidate the modes of action of lung epithelial cells response to known inflammatory titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs). Morpho-functional assessment uncovered several mechanisms associated with extensive DNA, essential minerals, and iron accumulation, cellular surface immobilization, and the localized formation of fibrous structures, all confirming immunomodulatory responses. These findings advance our understanding of the early cellular processes leading to inflammation development after lung epithelium exposure to these high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles. Our high-resolution experimental approach, exploiting light, ion, and electron sources, provides a robust framework for future research into nanoparticle toxicity and its impact on human health.
Ključne besede: nanobio interface, nanotubes, lung epithelium inflammation, synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.05.2025; Ogledov: 1032; Prenosov: 651
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5. An investigation into corrosion around voids at the steel-concrete interfaceMiha Hren, Tadeja Kosec, Andraž Legat, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In this study, the influence of voids on corrosion process at the steel-concrete interface was investigated, as the exact influence of these features on corrosion processes under various environmental conditions is not entirely understood. Coupled multi electrode arrays and electrical resistance probes were implemented to monitor the evolution of corrosion under cyclic exposure to chlorides and carbonation. MicroCT was used to determine the location and volume of corrosion damage. It was found that, in most cases, corrosion damage initiated outside the voids. During initiation and the early propagation phase, the steel beneath the voids rarely participated in the redox reaction. In following phases, various kinds of corrosion evolution were observed. Specific corrosion mechanisms were proposed and discussed to explain these corrosion processes.
Ključne besede: microtomography, corrosion, coupled multi-electrode array, steel-concrete interface
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.06.2024; Ogledov: 1566; Prenosov: 1472
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6. Insights into microstructural evolution of tungsten-tungsten carbide plasma facing composite materials prepared by field assisted sintering techniqueAljaž Iveković, Matej Kocen, Petra Jenuš, Anže Abram, Črtomir Donik, Saša Novak, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: tungsten, tungsten carbide, interface, microstructure, fusion energy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.02.2024; Ogledov: 1587; Prenosov: 1448
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7. Optimal sensor set for decoding motor imagery from EEGArnau Dillen, Fakhreddine Ghaffari, Olivier Romain, Bram Vanderborght, Uroš Marušič, Sidney Grosprêtre, Ann Nowé, Romain Meeusen, Kevin De Pauw, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to enable individuals to interact with devices by detecting their intention from brain activity. A common approach to BCI is to decode movement intention from motor imagery (MI), the mental representation of an overt action. However, research-grade electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition devices with a high number of sensors are typically necessary to achieve the spatial resolution required for reliable analysis. This entails high monetary and computational costs that make these approaches impractical for everyday use. This study investigates the trade-off between accuracy and complexity when decoding MI from fewer EEG sensors. Data were acquired from 15 healthy participants performing MI with a 64-channel research-grade EEG device. After performing a quality assessment by identifying visually evoked potentials, several decoding pipelines were trained on these data using different subsets of electrode locations. No significant differences (p = [0.18–0.91]) in the average decoding accuracy were found when using a reduced number of sensors. Therefore, decoding MI from a limited number of sensors is feasible. Hence, using commercial sensor devices for this purpose should be attainable, reducing both monetary and computational costs for BCI control.
Ključne besede: brain-computer interface, motor imagery, feature reduction, electroencephalogram, machine learning
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.04.2023; Ogledov: 2077; Prenosov: 1108
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8. On the influence of aging on classification performance in the visual EEG oddball paradigm using statistical and temporal featuresNina Omejc, Manca Peskar, Aleksandar Miladinović, Voyko Kavcic, Sašo Džeroski, Uroš Marušič, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The utilization of a non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) as an input sensor is a common approach in the field of the brain–computer interfaces (BCI). However, the collected EEG data pose many challenges, one of which may be the age-related variability of event-related potentials (ERPs), which are often used as primary EEG BCI signal features. To assess the potential effects of aging, a sample of 27 young and 43 older healthy individuals participated in a visual oddball study, in which they passively viewed frequent stimuli among randomly occurring rare stimuli while being recorded with a 32-channel EEG set. Two types of EEG datasets were created to train the classifiers, one consisting of amplitude and spectral features in time and another with extracted time-independent statistical ERP features. Among the nine classifiers tested, linear classifiers performed best. Furthermore, we show that classification performance differs between dataset types. When temporal features were used, maximum individuals’ performance scores were higher, had lower variance, and were less affected overall by within-class differences such as age. Finally, we found that the effect of aging on classification performance depends on the classifier and its internal feature ranking. Accordingly, performance will differ if the model favors features with large within-class differences. With this in mind, care must be taken in feature extraction and selection to find the correct features and consequently avoid potential age-related performance degradation in practice.
Ključne besede: aging, elderly, machine learning, visual oddball study, brain-computer interface
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.02.2023; Ogledov: 1660; Prenosov: 1063
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9. A data-driven machine learning approach for brain-computer interfaces targeting lower limb neuroprostheticsArnau Dillen, Elke Lathouwers, Aleksandar Miladinović, Uroš Marušič, Fakhreddine Ghaffari, Olivier Romain, Romain Meeusen, Kevin De Pauw, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Prosthetic devices that replace a lost limb have become increasingly performant in recent years. Recent advances in both software and hardware allow for the decoding of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to improve the control of active prostheses with brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Most BCI research is focused on the upper body. Although BCI research for the lower extremities has increased in recent years, there are still gaps in our knowledge of the neural patterns associated with lower limb movement. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to show the feasibility of decoding lower limb movements from EEG data recordings. The second aim is to investigate whether well-known neuroplastic adaptations in individuals with an amputation have an influence on decoding performance. To address this, we collected data from multiple individuals with lower limb amputation and a matched able-bodied control group. Using these data, we trained and evaluated common BCI methods that have already been proven effective for upper limb BCI. With an average test decoding accuracy of 84% for both groups, our results show that it is possible to discriminate different lower extremity movements using EEG data with good accuracy. There are no significant differences (p = 0.99) in the decoding performance of these movements between healthy subjects and subjects with lower extremity amputation. These results show the feasibility of using BCI for lower limb prosthesis control and indicate that decoding performance is not influenced by neuroplasticity-induced differences between the two groups.
Ključne besede: neuroprosthetics, brain-computer interface, machine learning, electroencephalography, data-driven learning, lower limb amputation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.07.2022; Ogledov: 2104; Prenosov: 1297
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