Iskanje po repozitoriju

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Povzetek: Insects rely on substrate vibrations in numerous intra- and interspecific interactions. Yet, our knowledge of noise impact in this modality lags behind that in audition, limiting our understanding of how anthropogenic noise affects insect communities. Auditory research has linked impaired signal perception in noise (i.e., masking) to spectral overlap. We investigated the impact of noise with different spectral compositions on the vibrational communication of the stink bug Nezara viridula, examining courtship behaviour and signal representation by sensory neurons. We found negative effects of vibrational noise regardless of spectral overlap, challenging common expectations. Noise impaired the ability of males to recognize the female signal and localise its source: overlapping noise decreased sensitivity of receptor neurons to the signal and disrupted signal frequency encoding by phase-locking units, while non-overlapping noise only affected frequency encoding. Modelling neuronal spike triggering in sensory neurons linked disrupted frequency encoding to interference-induced alterations of the signal waveform. These alterations also affected time delays between signal arrivals to different legs, crucial for localisation. Our study thus unveils a new masking mechanism, potentially unique to insect vibrosensory systems. The findings highlight the higher vulnerability of vibration-mediated behaviour to noise, with implications for insect interactions in natural and anthropogenically altered environments.
Ključne besede: biotremology, vibrations, noise, communication, neurons, masking, entomology, neurobiology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2024; Ogledov: 133; Prenosov: 2474
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Povzetek: Native to the Nearctic region, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) has become a major threat for grapevine production after being unintentionally introduced into Europe, where it became the main vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma, being mainly associated with the genus Vitis. Scaphoideus titanus is a highly efficient vector of the most important phytoplasma affecting grapevine. For this reason, compulsory insecticide treatments have been introduced against this pest in many European countries. Moreover, the continuous expansion of its geographical distribution makes this leafhopper a serious threat for several non-European Countries. In this article, we review the current knowledge about its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and its role as a vector. Finally, we point out the main challenges for research aimed at reducing S. titanus and flavescence dorée expansion across Europe and avoiding spread of the disease outside the Old World.
Ključne besede: vector distribution, life cycle, morphology, taxonomy, feeding behaviour, entomology, insects
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.07.2024; Ogledov: 372; Prenosov: 187
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Povzetek: Insects in 9 research areas in pedunculate oak and sessile oak forests in Slovenia have been studied. We identified 35 insect species as well as two genera from 13 families. The defoliation of oak leaves in studied forests was between 10 and 90 %. More than 80 % of the defoliation was caused by mottled umber and winter moth (Erannis defoliaria Cl., Operophthera brumata L.). Leaf-roll moths are an important group of pests of oak leaves and acorns. The most numerous is the green leaf-roll moth, Tortrix viridana L., followed by Archips crataegana Hb., Laspeyresia splendana Hb. and Laspeyresia amplana Hb. The ratio of appearance of oak sawflies (Apethymus abdominalis Lep. and Apethymus braccatus Gmel.) was 9 : 1. During the past 10 years, oak miner (Tischeria complanella Hb.) has attacked young oak trees heavily. Acorn destroyers (Balaninus glandium Mrsh. and Balaninus nucum L.) were important acorn pests. During the gradation of defoliators in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia there was an increased population density of their predators, such asground beetles and burying beetles (Calosoma sycophanta L., Calosoma inquisitor L., Carabus spp., Xylodrepa quadripunctata L. We can confirm that the health of oak forests in Slovenia is better than in Croatia and southeastern Europe.
Ključne besede: dob, Quercus robur, graden, Quercus petraea, gozdarska entomologija, Insecta, žuželka, škodljivec, entomofauna, Slovenija, pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, sessile oak, Quercus petraea, forest entomology, Insecta, entomofauna, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 4903; Prenosov: 2037
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