Iskanje po repozitoriju

A+ | A- | | SLO | ENG

Povzetek: Objectives: The marketing of energy-dense foods is recognised as a probable causal factor in children's overweight and obesity. To stimulate policymakers to start using nutrient profiling to restrict food marketing, a harmonised model was recently proposed by the WHO. Our objective is to evaluate the television advertising of foods in Slovenia using the above-mentioned model. Methods: An analysis is performed using a representative dataset of 93,902 food-related advertisements broadcast in Slovenia in year 2013. The advertisements are linked to specific foods, which are then subject to categorisation according to the WHO and UK nutrient profile model. Results: Advertising of chocolate and confectionery represented 37% of food-related advertising in all viewing times, and 77% in children's (4-9 years) viewing hours. During these hours, 96% of the food advertisements did not pass the criteria for permitted advertising according to the WHO profile model. Conclusions: Evidence from Slovenia shows that, in the absence of efficient regulatory marketing restrictions, television advertising of food to children is almost exclusively linked to energy-dense foods. Minor modifications of the proposed WHO nutrient profile model are suggested.
Ključne besede: food advertising, nutrient profile, regulation, children, television, marketing
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.11.2025; Ogledov: 109; Prenosov: 55
Celotno besedilo (1,01 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več...

Povzetek: To assess and describe the aetiology and management of febrile illness in children with primary or acquired immunodeficiency at high risk of serious bacterial infection, as seen in emergency departments in tertiary hospitals. Prospective data on demographics, presenting features, investigations, microbiology, management, and outcome of patients within the 'Biomarker Validation in HR patients' database in PERFORM, were analysed. Immunocompromised children (< 18 years old) presented to fifteen European hospitals in nine countries, and one Gambian hospital, with fever or suspected infection and clinical indication for blood investigations. Febrile episodes were assigned clinical phenotypes using the validated PERFORM algorithm. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect size of predictive features of proven/presumed bacterial or viral infection. A total of 599 episodes in 482 children were analysed. Seventy-eight episodes (13.0%) were definite bacterial, 67 episodes probable bacterial (11.2%), and 29 bacterial syndrome (4.8%). Fifty-five were definite viral (9.2%), 49 probable viral (8.2%), and 23 viral syndrome (3.8%). One hundred ninety were unknown bacterial or viral infections (31.7%), and 108 had inflammatory or other non-infectious causes of fever (18.1%). Predictive features of proven/presumed bacterial infection were ill appearance (OR 3.1 (95% CI 2.1-4.6)) and HIV (OR 10.4 (95% CI 2.0-54.4)). Ill appearance reduced the odds of having a proven/presumed viral infection (OR 0.5 ( 95% CI 0.3-0.9)). A total of 82.1% had new empirical antibiotics started on admission (N = 492); 94.3% proven/presumed bacterial (N = 164), 66.1% proven/presumed viral (N = 84), and 93.2% unknown bacterial or viral infections (N = 177). Mortality was 1.9% (N = 11) and 87.1% made full recovery (N = 522). Conclusion: The aetiology of febrile illness in immunocompromised children is diverse. In one-third of cases, no cause for the fever will be identified. Justification for standard intravenous antibiotic treatment for every febrile immunocompromised child is debatable, yet effective. Better clinical decision-making tools and new biomarkers are needed for this population.
Ključne besede: immunocompromised, paediatric, children, fever, infection, antibiotics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 143; Prenosov: 61
Celotno besedilo (1,50 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več...

Povzetek: Children constitute 6–10% of all patients attending the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical services (EMS). However, discordant EMS use in children occurs in 37–61% with fever as an important risk factor. We aimed to describe EMS utilisation among febrile children attending European EDs. This study is part of an observational multicentre study assessing management and outcome in febrile children up to 18 years (MOFICHE) attending twelve EDs in eight European countries. Discordant EMS use was defined as the absence of markers of urgency including intermediate/high triage urgency, advanced diagnostics, treatment, and admission in children transferred by EMS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between (1) EMS use and markers of urgency, and (2) patient characteristics and discordant EMS use after adjusting all analyses for the covariates age, gender, visiting hours, presenting symptoms, and ED setting. A total of 5464 (15%, range 0.1–42%) children attended the ED by EMS. Markers of urgency were more frequently present in the EMS group compared with the non-EMS group. Discordant EMS use occurred in 1601 children (29%, range 1–59%). Age and gender were not associated with discordant EMS use, whereas neurological symptoms were associated with less discordant EMS use (aOR 0.2, 95%CI 0.1–0.2), and attendance out of office hours was associated with more discordant EMS use (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.4–1.9). Settings with higher percentage of self-referrals to the ED had more discordant EMS use (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is large practice variation in EMS use in febrile children attending European EDs. Markers of urgency were more frequently present in children in the EMS group. However, discordant EMS use occurred in 29%. Further research is needed on non-medical factors influencing discordant EMS use in febrile children across Europe, so that pre-emptive strategies can be implemented.
Ključne besede: emergency medical services, emergency care, children, fever, paediatrics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Ogledov: 124; Prenosov: 44
Celotno besedilo (1,07 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več...

Povzetek: Mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis have predominantly been studied based on differential gene or protein expression. Less is known about posttrans-lational modifications, which are essential for protein functional diversity. We applied an innovative glycoproteomics method to study the systemic prote-ome-wide glycosylation in response to infection. The protein site-specific glyco-sylation was characterized in plasma derived from well-defined controls and patients. We found 3862 unique features, of which we identified 463 distinct intact glycopeptides, that could be mapped to more than 30 different proteins. Statistical analyses were used to derive a glycopeptide signature that enabled significant differentiation between patients with a bacterial or viral infection. Furthermore, supported by a machine learning algorithm, we demonstrated the ability to identify the causative pathogens based on the distinctive host blood plasma glycopeptide signatures. These results illustrate that glycoproteomics holds enormous potential as an innovative approach to improve the interpreta-tion of relevant biological changes in response to infection.
Ključne besede: plasma, roles, glycoproteomics, biomarkers, profiles, children, glycome
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2025; Ogledov: 91; Prenosov: 38
Celotno besedilo (4,99 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več...

Povzetek: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication that frequently occurs afterhaematopoietic stem cell transplantation and concerns many children in paediatrichaematology‐oncology and bone marrow transplantation departments. It can affectvarious organs, with the skin, gastrointestinal tract and liver being the most com-monly involved. To confirm intestinal GVHD and to rule out differential diagnosesendoscopy is frequently needed. Currently, there are no specific consensus rec-ommendations concerning the best method for endoscopic exploration and medicalmanagement of this disease in children, with limited studies available, including alow number of patients. Sigmoidoscopy could be initially proposed under sedation. Ifsigmoidoscopy is normal or if a general anaesthesia is required, colonoscopy andupper endoscopy should be planned, avoiding duodenal biopsy because of the riskof duodenal haematoma. Regarding therapeutic options, corticosteroids are thefirst‐line treatment for GVHD. Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is indicated forchildren aged 12 years and older with acute or chronic GVHD who have aninadequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic therapies. Nutritionalsupport has a key role in the management of intestinal GVHD and should beconsidered to guarantee the best possible evolution of intestinal GVHD.
Ključne besede: GVHD, children, complication, endoscopy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, intestine
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.11.2025; Ogledov: 123; Prenosov: 54
Celotno besedilo (770,51 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več...