1. Better COVID-19 outcomes in children with good asthma controlJasna Rodman, Malena Aldeco, Dušanka Lepej, Marina Praprotnik, Saša Šetina Šmid, Aleksandra Zver, Uroš Krivec, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: asthma, asthma control, children, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.08.2026; Ogledov: 58; Prenosov: 32
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2. Association of asthma and anti-asthmatic therapy with oral health and microbiota alterations in children - a cross-sectional studyVojko Berce, Boris Egić, Anja Pintarič Lonzarić, Maja Rupnik, Aleksander Mahnič, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Asthma and its treatments are recognized as risk factors for oral health in children. The composition of oral microbiota is linked to asthma, as well as to the development of caries and other oral conditions. This study aimed to assess the impact of asthma and anti-asthmatic therapy on children`s oral health and explore the role of salivary microbiota in this relationship.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 100 children with asthma, aged 6 to 18 years, and 50 matched healthy controls. Oral health was assessed using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/dft) index, the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) to evaluate dental plaque and calculus, and the gingival index. Saliva flow rate and pH were measured, and the salivary microbiota composition was analyzed using 16 S amplicon sequencing. Results: Children with asthma had a median DMFT/dft index of 4, versus 0 in controls (p < 0.01), a median OHI-S of 0.9 versus 0 (p < 0.01) and a median gingival index of 1 versus 0 (p < 0.01). Daily use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was associated with a higher median OHI-S (1 vs. 0.8, p < 0.01) but had no effect on the DMFT/dft or gingival index. The median unstimulated saliva flow rate and pH were 1.3 mL and 6.25 in children with asthma compared to 2.5 mL and 7.00 in controls (p < 0.01 for both). Children with asthma daily using ICS had a lower saliva flow (1.0 mL) and pH (6.25) compared to non-ICS users (1.5 ml and 6.75, p < 0.01 for both). The salivary microbiota composition in children with asthma differed significantly from controls (p < 0.01), showing increased abundances of Streptococcus, Gemella, and Streptobacillus. Alpha diversity was lower in children with asthma, with reduced richness (p < 0.01) and evenness (p = 0.012). However, no significant associations were identified between salivary microbiota and specific oral health indicators.
Conclusions: Asthma negatively affects children`s oral health, including reduced salivary flow, and is associated with alterations in the oral microbiota. However, the development of caries in children with asthma cannot be attributed solely to medications or microbiota alterations. Therefore, meticulous oral hygiene and other preventive measures are especially important in children with asthma.
Ključne besede: asthma, anti-asthmatic agents, child, microbiota, oral health, saliva
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.06.2026; Ogledov: 195; Prenosov: 120
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3. Exploring clinical predictors of severe human metapneumovirus respiratory tract infections in children : insights from a recent outbreakAirin Veronese, Tina Uršič, Simona Bizjak, Jasna Rodman, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important pathogen that causes both upper (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. The virus can be implicated in severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, necessitating hospitalization, with certain cases requiring intensive care unit intervention. As part of a retrospective observational study, we aimed to identify indicators of severe hMPV respiratory tract infections in children referred to the University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana and the Department of Infectious Diseases Ljubljana, Slovenia, during a recent outbreak. We analyzed clinical data from November 2022 to January 2023 and compared the characteristics of children presenting with URTIs and LRTIs. We also examined the characteristics of children with hMPV LRTIs, distinguishing between children with and without LRTI-associated hypoxemia. Of 78 hMPV-PCR-positive pediatric patients (mean age 3.1 years; 60.3% boys), 36% had a URTI, and 64% had an LRTI. Hospitalization was required in 64% (50/78), with 42% (21/50) requiring oxygen therapy. LRTI-associated hypoxemia was more common in patients with atopy who showed dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, and wheezing on lung auscultation. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, wheezing detected on lung auscultation was a significant predictive factor for hypoxemic hMPV-LRTI. Specifically, children presenting with wheezing were found to be ten times more likely to experience hypoxemia. Prematurity and chronic conditions did not influence the presentation or severity of hMPV infection. This study highlights wheezing and atopy as crucial indicators of severe hMPV LRTI in children, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention.
Ključne besede: human metapneumovirus, respiratory tract infection, oxygen therapy, wheezing, atopy, asthma, children
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.06.2026; Ogledov: 188; Prenosov: 159
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4. Newly diagnosed eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in patients on biologics for severe asthma- a multi-centre case seriesHitasha Rupani, Aruna T. Bansal, Svetlana Sergejeva, Alexandra Nanzer, Marco Caminati, Peter Kopač, Zsuzsanna Csoma, Sabina Škrgat, Branislava Milenković, Kristina Bieksiene, Saša Rink, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Ključne besede: alergology, severe asthma, biologics, EGPA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.04.2026; Ogledov: 311; Prenosov: 367
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5. Targeting of the IL-5 pathway in severe asthma reduces mast cell progenitorsAbigail P. Alvarado-Vazquez, Erika Mendez-Enriquez, Maya Salomonsson, Peter Kopač, Ana Koren, Urška Bidovec, Sabina Škrgat, Oscar E. Simonson, Valentyina Yasinska, Peter Korošec, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: asthma, benralizumab, IL-5, mepolizumab, mast cells, mast cell progenitors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2026; Ogledov: 338; Prenosov: 265
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6. Predisposing factors for erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth among asthmatic children and adolescentsTomi Samec, Janja Jan, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Objectives: Epidemiological studies indicate that erosive tooth wear (ETW) is a common threat of tooth surface loss. The etiology of ETW is multifactorial. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in developed countries, especially in children. Studies evaluating ETW in asthmatic children are conflicting. With our study, we aimed to investigate the association between general and asthmatic factors and the presence of ETW. Methods: Population of this cross-sectional observational study consisted of children aged 6-17 years under treatment for asthma at University Medical Centre. ETW was determined using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination index. Questionnaires completed by parents and data from patients' medical records provided information on demographics, medical history, medication use, dietary habits, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure and type, dose, frequency, duration, and mode of asthma medication use. Results: 379 asthmatic children participated in the study. The prevalence of ETW was 17.2% (n = 379). The mean total BEWE score was 0.76 ± 2.12. A statistically significant higher presence of ETW and higher total BEWE index were found in the group consuming acidic sports drinks (OR = 3.318), in the group aged 12-17 years (OR = 6.233), in the group using asthma medication for more than 3 years (OR = 3.379) and in the group using medication in the dry powder inhaled form (OR = 2.447). Conclusions: Asthmatic children should avoid drinking acidic drinks since longer duration of asthma medication use is already associating them with higher ETW presence. From the ETW point of view, metered-dose inhaled medications are more tooth-friendly than dry powder inhaled forms.
Ključne besede: asthma, asthma medications, erosive tooth wear, pediatric dentistry
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.04.2026; Ogledov: 256; Prenosov: 249
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7. Multimorbidity phenotypes and associated characteristics in severe asthma : an observational study of European severe asthma registriesAnna Freeman, Saša Rink, Aruna T. Bansal, Betty Frankemölle, Mehar Singh, Jacob K. Sont, Apostolos Bossios, Ben Ainsworth, Michael E. Hyland, Rekha Chaudhuri, Dace Matisa, Florin Mihaltan, Antonio Spanevello, Enrico Heffler, Ian Adcock, Peter Kopač, Sabina Škrgat, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background The phenotypic nature of multimorbidity in severe asthma is poorly understood. Our aims in this study were to define multimorbidity phenotypes and their characteristics in severe asthma across Europe by identifying and characterising co-aggregation of comorbidities. Methods Cross-sectional patient data were analysed from the pan-European Severe Heterogenous Asthma Research Collaboration: Patient Centred (SHARP) Central database of national severe asthma registries. Patients were grouped by four European regions (North, South, East, and West). Hierarchical clustering of comorbidities was applied to characterise the correlation structure of the ten commonest comorbidities within these geographical regions. Subsequent multimorbidity phenotypes (MMP) and their clinical features were then defined. Findings Data were available for 2690 severe asthma patients and 23 comorbidities from 11 countries. Three comorbidity clusters were consistently seen across the four European regions: 1) osteoporosis plus steroid-induced weight gain, 2) eczema plus rhinitis, and 3) chronic sinusitis plus nasal polyps. Four further comorbidities (obesity, bronchiectasis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, psychological factors) showed variable clustering. Multimorbidity was ubiquitous. Patients were assigned multimorbidity phenotypes (MMP) according to comorbidity cluster alignment. MMP sn (sinonasal-associated) and MMP u (no specific cluster alignment) were commonest. MMP ster (steroid-associated multimorbidity) had highest maintenance oral steroid (m-OCS) use, and Body Mass Index, plus worst lung function, asthma control, and asthma exacerbation frequency. MMP max (maximal multimorbidity) showed high prevalence of variably assigned comorbidities, higher m-OCS and biologic treatment needs. Interpretation Multimorbidity is common in severe asthma and can be classified into replicable novel phenotypes with characteristic clinical traits and outcomes. Recognising these phenotypes can guide better care of the ‘whole patient’ with severe asthma. Future clinical guidance should promote such understanding in order to support delivery of more effective personalised asthma care.
Ključne besede: severe asthma, multimorbidity, comorbidities, cluster phenotype, European asthma registries
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.03.2026; Ogledov: 439; Prenosov: 295
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9. Cytokine profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with interstitial lung diseases and non-allergic asthmaDana Greif Lenarčič, Urška Bidovec, Pia Kristanc, Peter Kopač, Mateja Marc-Malovrh, Izidor Kern, Katarina Osolnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Diagnosing and prognosing immune-mediated airway diseases, like hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis, is complicated due to their overlapping symptoms and the lack of definitive biomarkers. Hence, we wanted to compare bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokine and chemokine profiles from 92 patients with different immune-mediated and inflammatory airway diseases, namely, HP, sarcoidosis, non-allergic asthma, amiodarone lung, and EGPA. We also compared pulmonary function parameters, BAL’s cellularity, and lymphocyte immunophenotypes. We found significant differences across all measured lung functions (VC, VC%, FEV1, FEV1%, and Tiff%) and in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Furthermore, we showed significant differences in CD4, CD8, and CD4/8 across all included ILDs and OLDs; however, no significant differences were found in CD3, CD19, NK, or NKT. We identified nine biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, VEGF, angiogenin, C4a, RANTES, and MCP-1) that significantly differ in the BAL of patients with HP and sarcoidosis and showed that RANTES and IL-6 are associated with fibrotic outcome. We have demonstrated that interstitial and obstructive lung diseases differ in cytokine and cellular lung imprint, which may, in the future, enable the determination of the disease subtype and thus the identification of targets for the treatment of individuals or subgroups within diseases.
Ključne besede: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, non-allergic asthma, amiodarone lung, EGPA, cytokines, bronchoalveolar lavage, chemokines, complement anaphylatoxins, angiogenesis-related factors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.08.2025; Ogledov: 968; Prenosov: 558
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10. Behavioural patterns in allergic rhinitis medication in Europe : a study using 28 MASK-air® real-world dataBernardo Sousa-Pinto, Ana Sá-Sousa, Rafael José Vieira, Rita Amaral, Ludger Klimek, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Josep M. Antò i Boquè, Oliver Pfaar, Anna Bedbrook, Mihaela Zidarn, Joao A. Fonseca, Jean Bousquet, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background. Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. Methods. We analysed 2015-2020 MASK-air® European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy, and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms (“VAS Global Symptoms”) and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within one year. Results. We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy, and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median “VAS Global Symptoms” was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p<0.001). Medication use peaked during the spring, with similar patterns across different European regions (defined geographically or by Google Trends). Oral H1-antihistamines were the most common medication in single and co-medication. Each patient reported using an annual average of 2.7 drugs, with 80% reporting two or more. Conclusions. AR medication patterns are similar across European regions. One third of treatment days involved co-medication. These findings suggest that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms (irrespective of how they understand AR), and that co-medication use is driven by symptom severity.
Ključne besede: asthma -- drug therapy, rhinitis -- drug therapy, allergic rhinitis -- drug therapy, visual analogue scale, histamine antagonists, antihistamines, behavioural patterns, medication patterns, real-world data
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.03.2022; Ogledov: 3222; Prenosov: 979
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