1. Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents : a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statementAlbert Wiegman, Mafalda Bourbon, Tomas Freiberger, Samuel S. Gidding, Susanne Greber-Platzer, Urh Grošelj, Kirsten B. Holven, Lisa Cooper Hudgins, Steve E. Humphries, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder characterized by lifelong elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. FH exists in two forms: heterozygous FH (HeFH), which affects around 1 in 300 people worldwide, and homozygous FH (HoFH), which affects around 1 in 300 000. Individuals with FH are at increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and death, and those with HoFH are, if untreated, at extreme risk of ASCVD manifestations even before adulthood. Early diagnosis and treatment in childhood can extend or normalize life expectancy, but limited awareness, underdiagnosis, and undertreatment remain major challenges. This consensus statement aims to address these challenges, supported by increased knowledge of the pathogenesis of FH and the availability of an increasing range of lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) that can be used from early ages. To increase the detection rate of FH, all countries are encouraged to establish a paediatric screening programme and, given that current diagnostic criteria often fail to identify children with an FH-causing genetic variant, revised diagnostic criteria are presented. Updated LDL-C treatment goals are proposed, and the importance of starting LLTs before puberty in children with HeFH, and, if needed, from 6 years, is highlighted. Guidance on how to manage FH is provided, including treatment algorithms for use in children with either HeFH or HoFH and a discussion on how to promote a smooth transition to adult care. Early detection and optimal treatment as advocated in this consensus statement are crucial to improving life expectancy for children and adolescents with FH.
Ključne besede: familial hypercholesterolaemia, children, lipid-lowering therapy, cumulative lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol exposure, cardiovascular risk, adolescents
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.07.2026; Ogledov: 122; Prenosov: 105
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2. The prevalence of hair loss and its association with iron deficiency among adolescents in northern Sudan : a school-based cross-sectional studyMoteb Khalaf Alotaib, Ishag Adam, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Alopecia and iron deficiency are significant public health issues in northern Sudan, and no research about this topic has been conducted. The aim is to examine the prevalence of iron deficiency and alopecia and associated factors among adolescents in northern Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a questionnaire and clinical examination. Results: A total of 312 adolescents participated: 147 males (47.1%) and 165 females (52.9%). Among them, 21.2% of adolescents exhibited alopecia. Females experienced higher rates of alopecia, with 93.9% affected compared to 6.1% of males. Serum ferritin was significantly lower in adolescents with alopecia compared to those without it (6.05 [2.58-12.63] vs. 9.40 [4.88-23.40] μg/l, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated that iron deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–3.71) was associated with alopecia. However, age, body mass index, and parental education level showed no association. Among the adolescents with alopecia, 27.3% had patchy alopecia, 37.9% had diffuse alopecia, and 34.8% had traction alopecia. Conclusions: There is a significant prevalence of adolescent alopecia, predominantly among females. Iron deficiency was a key factor associated with alopecia, underscoring the importance of nutritional monitoring in this population.
Ključne besede: adolescents, alopecia, iron deficiency, age, Sudan
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 242; Prenosov: 159
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3. Psychometric validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) in Slovenia : implications for public health research and practiceAjda Mlakar, Kaja Gril Rogina, Matic Šmigoc, Barbara Gnidovec Stražišar, Andreja Kukec, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction This study aimed to develop a suitable instrument for assessing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Slovenian children and adolescents by translating the ESS-CHAD and psychometrically validating its Slovenian version (ESS-CHAD-SI). Methods The ESS-CHAD was translated and back-translated according to established cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, and content validity was assessed by eleven experts from relevant clinical and research disciplines. A nationwide sample of 3,314 adolescents (≈52% females), with an overall mean age of 15.4±1.7 years, completed the questionnaire. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s α and Guttman’s λ2, and construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results All items met the predefined thresholds for content relevance, while clarity indices were acceptable for the majority of items. Factor analyses indicated that a two-factor model provided a better fit to the data than the original unidimensional structure, distinguishing between passive sleepiness and more clinically concerning manifestations of sleepiness. The ESS-CHAD-SI demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Conclusions The ESS-CHAD-SI is a reliable, valid, and culturally adapted instrument for assessing excessive daytime sleepiness in Slovenian adolescents. The identified two-factor structure enhances its clinical and public health relevance by enabling differentiation between sleepiness related to modifiable sleep behaviours and potentially pathological somnolence. The scale is suitable for use in school-based screening, clinical practice, and epidemiological research.
Ključne besede: excessive daytime sleepiness, questionnaires, validation, adolescents, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2026; Ogledov: 194; Prenosov: 145
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4. Influences on and prevention of self-harm behavior among the most at-risk adolescents : study protocol for the SH-MARA prospective longitudinal cohort studyLana Sernec Podnar, Petra Tomažič, Anja Tomašević Kramer, Barbara Plemeniti Tololeski, Gorjan Tasevski, Žiga Rosenstein, Simona Klemenčič, Tadej Battelino, Blaž Vrhovšek, Tadej Lahovnik, Jernej Kovač, Carla Sharp, Barbara Jenko Bizjan, Sašo Karakatič, Maja Drobnič Radobuljac, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background Both suicidal and non-suicidal self-injuring behaviors (NSSI) are common during adolescence In Slovenia, adolescent suicide rates are high, making suicide the leading cause of death in the year 2022 in this age group. These behaviors are influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, psychological, and genetic factors. Previous research has identified risk and protective factors mainly for suicidal behavior in adults, a notable gap in understanding these factors in adolescents remains, especially for NSSI. Notably there is an important lack of effective clinical tools or psychometric assessment methods to reliably assess the risk for either suicidal or NSSI behaviors in acutely hospitalized adolescents. Methods and analysis The proposed study uses a mixed-method observational design consisting of a prospective longitudinal cohort component involving adolescents hospitalized for high risk of DSH, and a cross-sectional comparison with a control group of healthy adolescents recruited from primary care settings. It is aimed at identifying genetic, psychosocial, and clinical factors associated with suicidal behaviors and NSSI in adolescents. The study group is recruited from adolescents aged 12–19, admitted to the Intensive Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit in Ljubljana due to severe self-harm risk. Exclusion criteria include involuntary treatment, acute psychotic disorders, intellectual disability, severe physical or central nervous system illnesses and acute intoxication. The control group comprises adolescents of comparable age, recruited through regular scheduled health check-ups in Slovenia. Exclusion criteria include suicidality, severe mental disorder, a history of self-harm behavior in a first-degree relative, intellectual disability, severe physical or central nervous system illnesses and acute intoxication. Enrollment runs from February 1, 2023, to December 31, 2025. Participation is voluntary, requiring parental or guardian consent for those 14 or younger
Ključne besede: adolescents, deliberate self-harm, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior, intensive psychiatry, personality disorder, traumatic experience, genetics, epigenetics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.02.2026; Ogledov: 529; Prenosov: 255
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7. Sexual health literacy among Slovenian secondary school students : a descriptive studyMarta Šporin, Tina Kamenšek, Marija Milavec Kapun, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Sexuality education for adolescents is an important area of education. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Slovenian upper secondary school students about sexuality, as well as their experiences, behaviours, and sources of information about sexuality. Methods: An invitation to complete an online questionnaire for first-year students was sent to all secondary schools in central Slovenia. The responses of 201 participants were included in the analysis. The average age of the respondents was 15.59 years; 57% of the participants were female and 67% attended general upper secondary school. The data were statistically analysed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and t-test.Results: Respondents cited the internet (67.0%) and friends (60.4%) as the most common sources of information on sexuality. Most respondents expressed a preference for seeking information from healthcare professionals (61.2%) and least from teachers (26.5%). Sexual experiences involving vaginal penetration were found to be more frequent among students enrolled in vocational and technical education programmes than those attending general upper secondary education programmes (χ2 = 7.863, p = 0.005). Knowledge about sexuality was found to differ by gender (U = 2257.500, p = 0.003) and type of secondary school (U = 1943.500, p = 0.001). Knowledge about sexuality was positively associated with the frequency of discussions about various sex-related topics, with the exception of petting. It was, however, not associated with sexual activity or the use of protection.Discussion and conclusion: More attention needs to be paid to the provision of sexuality education for secondary school students. School nurses can promote information sharing among peers, empower parents to engage in discussions on these topics with their adolescent children, and provide sexuality education in the school setting. Our study findings on the effectiveness of different forms and contents of sexuality education can serve as a basis for enhancing the existing preventive programmes.
Ključne besede: sex education, adolescents, sexual health, contraception, sexually transmitted infections
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.01.2026; Ogledov: 461; Prenosov: 171
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8. Health behaviour of adolescents in Slovenia : major results from 2010 and trends from 2002 to 2010Helena Jeriček Klanšček, Helena Koprivnikar, Maja Roškar, Tina Zupanič, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Monitoring of health behaviours, especially of adolescents, is essential for the future of each nation. Over the last decades, many changes have occurred in all aspects of our lives, affecting the health and quality of life of all people, including children and adolescents. Methods: The study is based on a quantitative research method. The survey was conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents, using a standardised international questionnaire (HBSC study - Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children). The survey was carried out with the assistance of school counsellors in the spring of 2002, 2006 and 2010 (n = 15.080). For determining the correlation between two individual years, the chi-square test was used. The significance level was calculated using the statistical significance value of p < 0.05. Through the Cochran-Armitage trend test, it was established whether a trend existed for the selected indicators in the period between 2002 and 2010. Results: There are some favourable trends, e.g. eating breakfast (p = 0.000), tooth brushing (p = 0.000), lower proportion of individuals who rate their health as poor (p = 0.002) and experience several psychosomatic symptoms (p = 0.000), but also unfavourable trends, e.g. decrease in physical activity (p = 0.023), increase in early alcohol consumption (p = 0.000), dissatisfaction with school (p = 0.000) and bullying others (p = 0.000). Discussion and conclusion: The conclusions of the analyses can serve as a useful basis for further work and development of systemic measures to promote healthy behaviours and prevent risky and unhealthy behaviours among children and adolescents.
Ključne besede: self-rated health, adolescents, behaviour, trends
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.01.2026; Ogledov: 487; Prenosov: 0 |
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10. Slovenian national food consumption survey in adolescents, adults and elderly : external scientific reportMatej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Nataša Delfar, Metka Zaletel, Darja Lavtar, Barbara Koroušić-Seljak, Petra Golja, Katja Zdešar Kotnik, Igor Pravst, Nataša Fidler Mis, Stojan Kostanjevec, Majda Pajnkihar, Tamara Poklar Vatovec, Ada Hočevar-Grom, 2019, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: Slovenia, food consumption survey, dietary intake, adults, adolescents, elderly, EU Menu
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.11.2025; Ogledov: 1079; Prenosov: 496
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