1. Dataset of widths of xylem and bark tissues in Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia and Pinus nigra from Podgorski Kras (Slovenia) in 2020Jožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, 2026, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Ključne besede: widths of xylem, widths of bark tissues, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Pinus nigra, Podgorski Kras, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.02.2026; Ogledov: 368; Prenosov: 0
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2. Year-to-year variability in xylem and phloem traits of co-existing Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens and Ostrya carpinifoliaJožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, Saša Ogorevc, Debojit Chanda, Sarkiri Kro, Mohendra Thapa, Polona Hafner, Peter Prislan, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The xylem and phloem anatomy of co-existing tree species provides valuable information on how different tree species face climate change and adjust their vascular structure to local weather conditions. We examined and compared annual ring widths and conduit size in earlywood and early phloem in Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia in a sub-Mediterranean site in the period 2019–2021. The selected xylem and phloem traits were correlated with monthly weather conditions (precipitation and temperature). We found that phloem increment widths and conduits in earlywood and early phloem in the studied tree species showed different trends in terms of interannual variability and in relation to local weather conditions. In F. ornus, May conditions affected xylem traits, while June conditions phloem traits. In Q. pubescens, winter and March precipitation was related to phloem development. In O. carpinifolia, xylem ring width was positively correlated with June precipitation, while early phloem conduits were negatively affected by April temperature. Only two consistent patterns were detected across the species and years studied: wider xylem increments compared to phloem increments, and wider earlywood vessels compared to early phloem sieve tubes. Statistically significant differences were observed among species across all years for the size of xylem and phloem conduits and the hydraulic conductivity of earlywood vessels, which indicates great differences in the calculated hydraulic conductivity among the tree species. To summarize, hydraulic conductivity of earlywood vessels in Q. pubescens was on average for all three years 10.4 -times and 114-times larger than in F. ornus and O. carpinifolia, respectively. High interannual variability and species-specific sensitivity of xylem and phloem traits to precipitation and temperature confirm high plasticity and different radial growth strategies of the studied tree species to ensure optimal functioning under local weather conditions.
Ključne besede: manna ash, pubescent oak, European hop-hornbeam, earlywood, early phloem, wood anatomy, sub-Mediterranean
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.02.2026; Ogledov: 617; Prenosov: 248
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3. Dataset of xylem and phloem traits of Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia from Podgorski Kras (Slovenia) in the period 2019-2021Jožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, Saša Ogorevc, Debojit Chanda, Sarkiri Kro, Mohendra Thapa, Polona Hafner, Peter Prislan, 2025, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Ključne besede: raziskovalni podatki
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.11.2025; Ogledov: 865; Prenosov: 489
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4. Značilnosti lesnih prirastkov v deblu in vejah oljke (Olea europaea L.)Jožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Oljka (Olea europaea L.) je gospodarsko zelo pomembna vednozelena kulturna rastlina, a je zelo malo znanega o njeni strukturi lesa v različnih delih drevesa, ki je ključna za dolgoročno preživetje drevesa. V pričujočem prispevku smo primerjali značilnosti lesnih prirastkov v deblu in vejah pri oljki v Dekanih v rastni sezoni 2016. Analizirali smo tudi prevodne elemente v lesu (traheje) v posameznih tretjinah lesnih branik. Razlike v značilnostih trahej na začetku in koncu rastne sezone ter v različnih delih drevesa smo interpretirali z vidika njihove prevajalne vloge v drevesu. V ta namen smo vzorce lesa odvzeli po zaključku rastne sezone 2016, pripravili preparate prečnih prerezov in opravili histometrične analize s pomočjo svetlobnega mikroskopa in sistema za analizo slike. Ugotovili smo, da se širine lesnih prirastkov in značilnosti trahej v deblu in vejah oljk razlikujejo. Prirastki 2016 so bili v vejah približno 54 % ožji kot v deblu, površine trahej pa od 25 % (prva tretjina) do 34 % (zadnja tretjina) manjše. Površine trahej so bile primerljive v prvi in drugi tretjini branike, medtem ko je bila v zadnji tretjini površina značilno manjša, in sicer v povprečju za 17,6 % v deblu in 25,4 % v vejah. V vseh tretjinah lesnih branik v deblu in vejah smo zabeležili negativno zvezo med povprečnimi vrednostmi površine trahej in gostoto trahej. Pri oljkah se je to odražalo v primerljivih vrednostih hidravlične prevodnosti v vseh tretjinah v deblu in vejah. Ožji prevodni elementi v vejah oljk kot posledica hormonske regulacije so v skladu z univerzalno pozitivno zvezo med velikostjo trahej in oddaljenostjo od apeksa in so povezani z večjo tenzijsko napetostjo vodnih stolpcev v trahejah vej v primerjavi z deblom. Različna struktura lesa v deblu in vejah nakazuje na različno vlogo tega tkiva v različnih delih drevesa.
Ključne besede: les, branika, difuzno-porozna vrsta, traheja, anatomija lesa, prevodnost, svetlobna mikroskopija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.07.2025; Ogledov: 618; Prenosov: 423
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5. Differences in bark anatomy between stem and branches of Olea europaea L.Jožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In addition to morphological characteristics, bark anatomy can provide a more detailed picture of the function of different bark tissues. In the current study, we examined and compared the bark anatomy of the stem and branches of 20-year-old Olea europaea L. We hypothesised that there are differences in bark anatomical traits between stem and branches, which reflect their functional differences in a tree. We found that the widths of bark, phloem + cortex, and periderm significantly differed in the stem and branches; all tissues were wider in the stem. The size and area of the sieve tubes and the proportion of sclerenchyma in the oldest part of the phloem + cortex differed in the stem and the branches. At the same time, numerous similarities in the stem and branch bark anatomy were observed: (1) annual phloem increments could not be determined in the youngest phloem adjacent to the cambium; (2) a distinction between non-conducting and conducting phloem was not possible because the collapse of sieve tubes in non-conducting phloem was not prominent enough to be determined visually; (3) dilatation of rays and axial parenchyma was locally clearly visible; (4) the proportion of phloem and cortex changed with distance from the cambium; secondary phloem constituted the entire bark tissue adjacent to the cambium, while cortex prevailed next to the periderm and (5) phelloderm width did not change with bark age. Differences in the bark structure of the stem and branches of olive trees imply functional differences between these two tree parts and point to different ecological contexts. Moreover, branch bark trait values cannot be used to extrapolate to the main stem bark (or vice versa). Differences support previous studies that have reported that different tree parts are exposed to different microenvironments.
Ključne besede: conducting phloem, cortex, increment, non-conducting phloem, phelloderm, periderm, sclerenchyma, sieve tubes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.03.2025; Ogledov: 1229; Prenosov: 1975
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7. Temporal and spatial variability of phloem structure in Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica and its link to climateJožica Gričar, Jernej Jevšenak, Kyriaki Giagli, Klemen Eler, Dimitrios Tsalagkas, Vladimir Gryc, Hanuš Vavrčík, Katarina Čufar, Peter Prislan, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Using a unique 8-year data set (2010–2017) of phloem data, we studied the effect of temperature and precipitation on the phloem anatomy (conduit area, widths of ring, early and late phloem) and xylem-ring width in two coexisting temperate tree species, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, from three contrasting European temperate forest sites. Histometric analyses were performed on microcores taken from tree stems in autumn. We found high interannual variability and sensitivity of phloem anatomy and xylem-ring widths to precipitation and temperature; however, the responses were species- and site-specific. The contrasting response of xylem and phloem-ring widths of the same tree species to weather conditions was found at the two Slovenian sites generally well supplied with precipitation, while at the driest Czech site, the influence of weather factors on xylem and phloem ring widths was synchronised. Since widths of mean annual xylem and phloem increments were narrowest at the Czech site, this site is suggested to be most restrictive for the radial growth of both species. By influencing the seasonal patterns of xylem and phloem development, water availability appears to be the most important determinant of tissue- and species-specific responses to local weather conditions.
Ključne besede: wood anatomy, early phloem, European beech, late phloem, Norway spruce, sieve element area, xylem-ring width
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.01.2024; Ogledov: 1510; Prenosov: 1057
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8. The effects of large-scale forest disturbances on hydrology : an overview with special emphasis on karst aquifer systemsUrša Vilhar, Janez Kermavnar, Erika Kozamernik, Metka Petrič, Nataša Ravbar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Large-scale forest disturbances (LSFD) are an essential component of forest ecosystem dynamics. The effects of rapid loss of forest cover and other changes in forest ecosystems are inextricably linked to hydrologic processes such as evapotranspiration, soil and recharge processes. Among all hydrogeological systems, karst aquifers are important because of their exceptionally rich and unique biodiversity, biomass, and groundwater resources. At the same time, they are characterized by specific hydrological processes that make them highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Therefore, this study paid special attention to the effects of LSFD on karst hydrology. Using the PRISMA checklist, a thorough literature review of studies published between 2001 and 2020 was compiled into a comprehensive matrix dataset. In addition, an initial assessment of the global and regional distribution of forests on carbonate rocks was made based on publicly available geodatabases of forests and karst aquifers. The compiled information provides the first global overview of hydrological processes affected by LSFD, and identifies important knowledge gaps and future research challenges. The matrix dataset contained 117 full-text articles with a total of 160 case studies. Most publications were from 2011 to 2017, with more than half of the studies at the plot level and more than one-third at the catchment level. Studies on the effects of fires and pest and diseases infestations predominated. However, no articles were found on the effects of ice storms on hydrology in general or on the effects of pest and disease infestations on hydrology in karst areas. Of the 45.6 M km2 of forested land worldwide, 6.3 M km2 or 13.9% of all forests are underlain by carbonate rocks. Carbonate rocks cover about 15% of the land surface, which means that 31.3% of the world's karst aquifers are covered by forest. 29% of all case studies were conducted in karst areas, which is a high proportion compared to the proportion of forests in karst areas. However, these studies are unevenly distributed geographically. Most studies were conducted at the plot level, and only 21% of studies focused on natural LSFD, so forest management and land use change studies predominated. Although studies on the effects of LSFD on evapotranspiration processes between vegetation, air and soil are fairly well represented, infiltration and recharge processes in karst areas remain poorly understood and knowledge is lacking, particularly on groundwater flow and related hydrological processes. Regional studies and impacts on groundwater resources are also insufficient. The results indicate an urgent need for an integrated holistic interdisciplinary approach and a comprehensive understanding of the individual influencing factors, which would allow more accurate modelling of hydrological processes in forested karst aquifers.
Ključne besede: natural disasters, climatic changes, evapotranspiration, hydrology, karst aquifers
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.05.2023; Ogledov: 2446; Prenosov: 1184
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9. Post-harvest forest herb layer demography : general patterns are driven by pre-disturbance conditionsJanez Kermavnar, Klemen Eler, Aleksander Marinšek, Lado Kutnar, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Timber harvesting constitutes extensive anthropogenic disturbance in temperate forests, producing a broad range of ecological impacts that most often enhance the demographic processes of vegetation. This study monitored post-harvest herb layer demography over a 6-year period in mesic Dinaric fir-beech forests (Slovenia), a vascular plant diversity hotspot among European forests. Three experimental harvesting intensities, i.e. full harvest (FH), partial harvest (PH) and a control treatment (NH), were each applied over a circular area of 4000 m2 and replicated three times at each of three study sites. Vegetation sampling was conducted before harvesting (in 2012), and two (2014) and six (2018) years following it, in a 400 m2 circular plot positioned in the centre of each treatment area. We focused on identifying general demographic patterns and evaluating the effects of various pre-disturbance abiotic and biotic predictors on compositional responses to disturbance. Two years after harvest (2012-2014), compositional shifts were larger than those in the next 4-year period (2014-2018), confirming the general theoretical prediction that species turnover rate decreases along a successional gradient. The degree of compositional shifts in gaps (FH) and thinned stands (PH) was affected by local abiotic factors (geomorphology of karst sinkholes) and community attributes, such as pre-harvest species richness. Our results indicate that compositional stability is positively associated with pre-disturbance species richness. Over the whole study period, increases in plot-level species richness (alpha diversity) and overall enrichment of the species pool (gamma diversity) were accompanied by compositional convergence, i.e. a decline in floristic dissimilarity (beta diversity) between and within study sites. However, the observed tendency towards homogenization was rather weak and would have been even more pronounced if the demographic type of persistent resident species had not shown a high degree of resistance, thus leaving a strong imprint on post-harvest vegetation development by preserving the forest characteristics of the herb layer community.
Ključne besede: forest succession, demographic types, community assembly, pre-disturbance factors, floristic convergence, fir-beech forests
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2022; Ogledov: 1559; Prenosov: 1086
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10. Carbon flux and environmental parameters data from an eddy covariance tower in a mid-succession ecosystem developed on abandoned karst grassland in Slovenia (2012-2019)Koffi Dodji Noumonvi, Klemen Eler, Dominik Vodnik, Primož Simončič, Mitja Ferlan, 2021, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Povzetek: This data set was used to estimate carbon fluxes by comparing eddy covariance tower (Long = 13.916701, Lat = 45.543491) measurements with vegetation indices based estimates.
Ključne besede: eddy covariance, GPP, NEE, empirical model, LUE model, vegetation photosynthesis model, vegetation indices
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.02.2022; Ogledov: 2840; Prenosov: 1866
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