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2. A contest for priority : nineteenth-century place-name etymologies of Transylvania at largeÁgoston Berecz, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article identifies place-name etymologies as a powerful tool in constructing national spaces. Since place names derive from one language or another, often visibly so, competing nationalisms have used them to support territorial claims. This strategy may appear trivial, but it dates back no further than the Romantic period. The article traces the story of how, by the end of the nineteenth century, suggested place-name origins had become building blocks of two opposed visions of Romanian ethnogenesis. In a context of competing nation-building, these scholarly reconstructions were thinly disguised statements about whose ancestors had lived first in Transylvania—defined here in a broad sense as the eastern, Romanian- and Hungarian-speaking parts of the contemporary Kingdom of Hungary—and therefore who was entitled to political sovereignty. Place-name derivations had been little more than rhetorical ornaments until nationalist scholars seized on them following the 1848 revolutions. It was later still, in response to the questioning of Romance-speaking continuity in Dacia, that a positivist generation adjusted them to the principles of comparative linguistics and onomastics, the latter devised by German scholars for the study of national antiquities. With some refinements, the two views are still held today as the legitimate versions.
Ključne besede: historical priority, historic rights, national historiographies, onomastics, place names
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.07.2025; Ogledov: 385; Prenosov: 202
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3. The Hungarian nationalities act of 1868 in operation (1868–1914)Ágoston Berecz, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article investigates explicit and implicit state language policies in Dualist Hungary (1867–1918), focusing on its eastern Romanian, Hungarian, and German-speaking parts. It sets the regulation and practices against the benchmark of the linguistic rights outlined in the 1868 Nationalities Act, the earliest modern, liberal language law on the continent. This document served as a central reference for contemporaries, an importance also bequeathed to historiographical accounts. Building on the applied linguist Janny Leung's analysis, the first half of the article engages with features that the Nationalities Act shared with most provisions enshrining legal multilingualism worldwide: a legitimating function, the under-specification of several key sections, and the fact that it referred to institutions on the move. Next, the article turns to more unambiguous paragraphs of the law, distinguishing between those that fit into the logic and were exploited for symbolic politics and those with more immediate, practical consequences for large sections of the citizenry. It further probes into the dispersed agency, ideological and pragmatic motives, and the center-periphery dynamics behind the (non-)implementation of the law.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.07.2025; Ogledov: 478; Prenosov: 240
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4. Building a bilingual elite : “national indifference” and Romanian students in Hungarian high schools (1867–1914)Ágoston Berecz, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This article highlights the role investment in Hungarian-language skills played in the social reproduction of the Romanian national elite in Dualist Hungary. At any point during the era, little less than half of middleclass Romanian students attended Hungarian-language high schools, which their parents largely considered as language training institutions. Parental choices and the sons’ experiences gain significance when set against the view that such investment in linguistic capital was a subversive practice challenging nationalist mobilization. Based on former students’ memoirs, school yearbooks, and histories, this article concentrates on the strategies of parents, the class-based inequality of access to Hungarian, the language policies of schools, and teachers’ ambiguous treatment of Romanian students.
Ključne besede: secondary education, national indifference, Dualist Hungary, Romanian history, multilingualism, individual bilingualism
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.07.2025; Ogledov: 395; Prenosov: 236
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5. The languages of village governments in the eastern stretches of dualist Hungary : rights and practicesÁgoston Berecz, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article investigates patterns of written language choice in majority Romanian and German rural local governments in the eastern third of Dualist Hungary. In spite of the recognition that the Nationalities Act of 1868 accorded to the citizenry's linguistic diversity, the political establishment soon embarked on typical nation-state linguistic policies. It failed, however, to make new generations learn Hungarian. The central government promoted the use of Hungarian by incentivizing village secretaries, the only career bureaucrats in local governments. The article brings to the fore the tension between the push of a Hungarian-only ideology and the rapid spread of mother-tongue literacy.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.07.2025; Ogledov: 1079; Prenosov: 270
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