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Povzetek: Aims The aim of this study was to assess postprandial glycaemic outcomes using automated insulin delivery with faster acting insulin aspart (FIA) or standard insulin aspart (SIA) over 4 weeks in youth (aged 10–18 years) with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods We undertook a secondary analysis of postprandial glycaemic outcomes from a double-blind, randomised, crossover study comparing FIA to SIA using an investigational version of MiniMed™ 780G. Endpoints included postprandial time in tight range (70–140 mg/dL; TITR), postprandial glucose excursions and peak glucose, and incremental area under curve (iAUC). Results The mean ± SD age of 30 included participants was 15.0 ± 1.7 years, 47% were male, mean HbA1c was 7.5% ± 0.9% (58 ± 9.8 mmol/mol) and the number of meals per day per participant was 3.2 ± 1.2 meals. Overall, the postprandial outcomes were improved with FIA compared with SIA. Mean glucose at the start of the meal was 151 mg/dL in the FIA group and reached a peak glucose of 194 mg/dL, compared with starting level of 151 mg/dL in the SIA group and a peak of 198 mg/dL (difference in excursion: −3.8 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval −5.8 to −1.7; p <0.001). FIA group also had a 1.9% increase in mean TITR (p = 0.02) and a 2.0-mg/dL decrease in mean iAUC (p = 0.003). Differences in outcomes were the most noticeable for breakfast, meals with a larger amount of carbohydrates (>45 g) and participants with lower insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios.Conclusions Faster insulin formulation with AID improved postprandial glycaemic outcomes and could be a useful therapeutical option in youth with type 1 diabetes that have challenges achieving glycaemic targets.
Ključne besede: postprandial time in tight, range standard insulin aspart in youth with type 1, automated insulin delivery
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2025; Ogledov: 92; Prenosov: 43
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Povzetek: BACKGROUND: Classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is a rare congenital condition affecting multiple organs, primarily the urinary and musculoskeletal systems. Management involves multiple reconstructive surgical procedures and aims to maintain renal function, achieve urinary continence, and support normal reproductive health. Pregnancies in women with CBE can be complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections, pelvic prolapse, and a higher risk of preterm birth. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of CBE, admitted at 32 weeks of pregnancy with fever and symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Her medical history included multiple surgeries, including formation of neovesica from the cecum with appendicovesicostomy to the abdominal wall. The pregnancy was complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections, anemia, gestational diabetes, and stage IV uterine prolapse. A multidisciplinary team managed her care, with imaging revealing altered abdominal anatomy and breech fetal presentation. At 37 weeks, due to concerns about fetal growth restriction, breech position, and potential prolapse exacerbation, an elective cesarean delivery with median relaparotomy and vertical uterine fundal incision was performed to avoid emergency intervention. Both the delivery and postpartum recovery were uneventful despite the complexity of the case. CONCLUSIONS: Managing pregnancy in patients with CBE requires close, multidisciplinary collaboration to address potential complications. Detailed delivery planning and vigilant monitoring are crucial to ensure maternal and fetal safety.
Ključne besede: bladder exstrophy, cesarean section, congenital abnormalities, fetal growth retardation, urinary tract infections
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2025; Ogledov: 126; Prenosov: 54
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Povzetek: Introduction: Primidone and propranolol are primary treatments for essential tremor, however the exact mechanisms underlying their efficacy are not fully elucidated. Understanding how these medications alleviate tremor may guide the development of additional pharmacologic treatments. Our prospective observational study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore mechanisms of primidone and propranolol effects in essential tremor. Eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) was tested as a potential predictor of treatment response. Methods: Patients with essential tremor underwent two evaluations: prior to commencing primidone or propranolol and following a minimum of three months of treatment. Tremor severity was assessed using accelerometry and clinically. TMS was employed to study changes in corticospinal excitability - resting and active motor thresholds, resting and active input/output curves and intracortical excitability - cortical silent period (CSP), short interval intracortical inhibition intensity curve (SICI), long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short afferent inhibition (SAI). EBCC, a marker of cerebellar function, was studied at baseline. Results: Of the 54 enrolled patients (28 primidone, 26 propranolol), 35 completed both visits. Primidone effect on decreasing hand tremor was associated with decreased corticospinal excitability, prolongation of CSP, increased LICI, increased SAI and decreased SICI. Propranolol effect on hand tremor was associated with decreased corticospinal excitability and increased SAI. Better EBCC at baseline predicted better response to primidone. Conclusions: Primidone exerts its therapeutic effects by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels and by modulating GABA-A and GABA-B intracortical circuits. Propranolol's central effects are likely mediated via noradrenergic modulation of GABA outflow
Ključne besede: essential tremor, primidone and propranolol treatments
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2025; Ogledov: 82; Prenosov: 48
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Povzetek: Bike commuters are regularly exposed to environmental stressors that impact their health and well-being. The Urban Cycling Lab in Ljubljana, developed within an Urban Living Lab and citizen science framework, engaged stakeholders in assessing exposure to particulate matter and noise, and in co-creating strategies to reduce it. This citizen science intervention combined sensor-enhanced ICT tools with behaviour change theory to assess both environmental and behavioural aspects of exposure. Exposure assessment included low-cost personal sensors as well as chemical analysis in biological samples to evaluate environmental exposure, while biochemical analysis of biological samples aimed to evaluate potential biological effects of exposure. Participants collected data using portable sensors and accessed real-time exposure comparisons via the Route Exposure Comparator web app. Biological samples (peripheral blood and spot urine) were collected from each participant at the end of data collection period. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, commuting habits, and environmental health literacy were collected via questionnaires. Ethnographic methods captured participants’ perceptions, route choices, and the intervention’s influence on commuting behaviour. This paper presents the methodology used to implement this intervention and provides a transferable model for participatory environmental exposure assessment. 1. Designed and implemented a citizen science intervention to assess cyclists’ exposure to air pollution and noise using sensor-enhanced ICT tools. 2. Promoted environmentally informed route choices through behaviour change strategies and digital feedback. 3. Applied survey and ethnographic methods to explore commuting behaviours and intervention impact.
Ključne besede: personal sensors, environmental exposure assessment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2025; Ogledov: 110; Prenosov: 52
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Povzetek: Genetic markers can assist in the identification of the stock origin in different organisms. Comparative studies of forest tree provenances have demonstrated that forest tree populations differ in performance across environments and at multiple geographic levels: populations nested within regions nested within gene pools. These levels are critical for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources: regions of provenance are key units for seed marketing, while populations guide reproductive material collection under most seed regulations. Despite their potential, genetic methods have rarely been applied to identify forest tree origins due to methodological (sufficient number of highly discriminatory markers) and practical (construction of a baseline composed of a representative selection of samples) challenges. In our study, we analyzed a genomic dataset comprising 10,185 SNPs from 1579 samples of Pinus pinaster, a species with strong population structure, across 86 populations, 45 regions of provenance, and 10 gene pools, to discriminate among these hierarchical levels and assign individuals to them. We used two software packages to evaluate the reliability of our baseline dataset (i.e., reference data) for genetic discrimination and assignment: RUBIAS, which performs genetic stock identification and associated tasks, and assignPOP, implementing a supervised machine-learning genetic-assignment framework. Using numerical validation analyses, we assessed their suitability and limitations for origin inference at each geographical level. Our results indicate that origin assignment is reliable in P. pinaster at the gene pool and region of provenance levels, but less so at the population level, provided that the 10 K SNP markers and a comprehensive genetic baseline are used. Incomplete baselines may result in wrong assignments at any hierarchical level, irrespective of sampling intensity for sampled candidate origins. We provide an extensive and publicly available baseline for P. pinaster, offering a useful tool for the management of forest genetic resources of this economically and ecologically important tree species.
Ključne besede: gene pool, genetic assignment, maritime pine, origin identification, region of provenance, SNP marker
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2025; Ogledov: 112; Prenosov: 60
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