911. Acute effects of orofacial, neck, and shoulder relaxation exercises and chewing on soleus H-reflex and motor unit discharge patternsMarša Magdič, Aleš Holobar, Matej Kramberger, Matjaž Vogrin, Nina Murks, Anita Fekonja, Miloš Kalc, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The interconnected nature of orofacial, neck musculature, and the neural system suggests that localised19activities, such as teeth clenching, can influence remote spinal excitability. While stretching exercises are20known to have both local and remote effects, the specific impact of orofacial muscle stretching remains21underexplored. This study investigates the effects of two interventions: 25 guided orofacial and neck22stretching and mobility exercises (Exercises), and chewing six chewing gums for six minutes (Chewing),23on the soleus H-reflex and D1 presynaptic inhibition. Ten volunteers (mean age: 28.75 ± 9 years)24participated, with H-reflex measurements collected using high-density electromyography (HDsEMG)25before and after each intervention. Latency (HLAT ), duration (H DUR ), peak-to-peak (H P2P, D1 PSP ) and positive26peak (H POS ) amplitudes were extracted from unconditioned and conditioned H-reflexes. The ratio27(D1 P2P/H P2P) between conditioned (D1 P2P ) and unconditioned (H P2P ) H-reflex was calculated to study the28D1 presynaptic inhibition mechanisms. Additionally, 8,400 firings from 376 distinct motor units (MUs),29categorised by firing threshold were analysed for latency, firing ratio, and inhibition probability (D1 PROB ).30HP2P, HPOS decreased and HDUR was significantly increased after the Exercise intervention, while the31Chewing intervention had no effect on these parameters. The D1 P2P/H P2P ratio and D1 PROB remained32unchanged, suggesting that the observed drop in H P2P is not mediated by presynaptic inhibition33mechanisms. Single MU analysis confirmed the H-reflex findings. The results of this study suggest that34stretching and mobility exercises targeting the neck and orofacial region can reduce neuromuscular35excitability, offering potential for non-pharmacological management of conditions associated with36motoneuron hyperexcitability and general whole-body relaxation
Ključne besede: high-density electromyography (HDsEMG), remote effect, stretching
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.10.2025; Ogledov: 216; Prenosov: 105
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912. Intensity meters : new notes and discoveries on the invention of early modern precision instrumentsFabrizio Bigotti, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article sheds light on the invention of early modern precision instruments and
their application in medicine, by analysing a neglected work by one of the Italian
pupils of the physician Santorio Santori (1561–1636). This source provides vital infor-
mation on Santorio’s experimental sample, and on the practical use and dimensions
of instruments such as thermometers, hygrometers, pulsimeters and precision scales,
showing that they also had a normative purpose: regulating the environmental factors
affecting human health. The article first establishes the derivative nature of the source
from Santorio’s teachings, and then contextualises the invention of precision instru-
ments with regard to Santorio’s published and unpublished output. In the conclusions,
I argue that the new instruments were meant to address the shortcomings of the tradi-
tional diagnostic rationale and are best conceptualised as ‘intensity meters’ meant to
assess ‘the magnitude’ (magnitudo) of a patient’s illness in degrees.
Ključne besede: intensity, quantification, early modern precision instruments, Giovanni Martino Bonomo, Santorio Santori, galenism, Medical school of Padua
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913. A previously unknown path to corpuscularism in the Seventeenth century : Santorio’s Marginalia to the Commentaria in Primam Fen Primi Libri Canonis Avicennae (1625)Fabrizio Bigotti, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This paper presents some of Santorio’s marginalia to his Commentaria in primam fen primi libri Canonis Avicennae (Venice, 1625), which I identified in the Sloane Collection of the British Library in 2016, as well as the evidence for their authorship. The name of the Venetian physician Santorio Santori (1561–1636) is linked with the introduction of quantification in medicine and with the invention of precision instruments that, displayed for the first time in this work, laid down the foundations for what we today understand as evidence-based medicine. But Santorio’s monumentale opus also contains evidence of many quantified experiments and displays his ideas on mixtures, structure of matter and corpuscles, which are in many cases clarified and completed by the new marginalia. These ideas testify to an early interest in chemistry within the Medical School of Padua which predates both Galileo and Sennert and which has hitherto been unknown.
Ključne besede: quantification in medicine, marginalia, corpuscular theory, early modern chemistry
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.10.2025; Ogledov: 188; Prenosov: 60
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914. Commenting on Aristotle with a knife : the heretical anatomies of Bassanio LandiFabrizio Bigotti, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Drawingonavarietyof sources, includingmanuscript notes and awidevarietyof published material, this article offers the first analysis in English of Bassanio Landi’s works in their medical and philosophical context. I argue that while Landi’s output is characteristic of its sixteenth-century Paduan milieu, his approach to methodological questions in anatomy and the arts, as well as his paraphrase of Aristotle’s De anima, make it possible to locate him within the heretical tradition that stretches from Pietro Pomponazzi (1462–1525) to Paolo Sarpi (1552–1623).
Ključne besede: anatomy, heretical thinking, sixteenth-century Padua, Aristotle’s De Anima, Bassanio Landi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.10.2025; Ogledov: 175; Prenosov: 95
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918. Genomic signatures of climate-driven (mal)adaptation in an iconic conifer, the English Yew (Taxus baccata L.)Thomas Francisco, Maria Mayol, Elia Vajana, Miquel Riba, Marjana Westergren, Stephen Cavers, Sara Pinosio, Francesca Bagnoli, Maurizio Marchi, Filipos Aravanopoulos, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The risk of climate maladaptation is increasing for numerous species, including trees. Developing robust methods to assess population maladaptation remains a critical challenge. Genomic offset approaches aim to predict climate maladaptation by characterizing the genomic changes required for populations to maintain their fitness under changing climates. In this study, we assessed the risk of climate maladaptation in European populations of English yew (Taxus baccata), a long-lived tree with a patchy distribution across Europe, the Atlas Mountains, and the Near East, where many populations are small or threatened. We found evidence suggesting local climate adaptation by analyzing 8616 SNPs in 475 trees from 29 European T. baccata populations, with climate explaining 18.1% of genetic variance and 100 unlinked climate-associated loci identified via genotype-environment association (GEA). Then, we evaluated the deviation of populations from the overall gene-climate association to assess variability in local adaptation or different adaptation trajectories across populations and found the highest deviations in low latitude populations. Moreover, we predicted genomic offsets and successfully validated these predictions using phenotypic traits assessed in plants from 26 populations grown in a comparative experiment. Finally, we integrated information from current local adaptation, genomic offset, historical genetic differentiation, and effective migration rates to show that Mediterranean and high-elevation T. baccata populations face higher vulnerability to climate change than low-elevation Atlantic and continental populations. Our study demonstrates the practical use of the genomic offset framework in conservation genetics, offers insights for its further development, and highlights the need for a population-centered approach that incorporates additional statistics and data sources to credibly assess climate vulnerability in wild plant populations.
Ključne besede: climate change , genomic offset , genotype- environment association , local adaptation , Taxus baccata
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.10.2025; Ogledov: 313; Prenosov: 141
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