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Povzetek: Ecological performance of animals depends on physiological and biochemical processes that are adjusted to the environment. The responses to hypoxia or anoxia have been frequently studied in subterranean aquatic organisms in order to find potential adaptations to restrict oxygen conditions occurring in the underground habitats. However, some previous studies have compared phylogenetic distant epigean and hypogean species or the epigean and hypogean populations of the same species due to little chance to compare closely related epigean and hypogean species. Therefore, in this study, we compared the effects of exposure to hypoxia, followed by reoxygenation, and increased temperature on oxygen consumption, potential metabolic activity, and antioxidant activities in closely related epigean and hypogean species: Niphargus zagrebensis and N. stygius. Oxygen consumption of N. stygius increased similarly during post-hypoxic recovery at 10 and 20°C (approx. 5-times), while N. zagrebensis increased its oxygen consumption for 9.7 and 4.4-times at 10 and 20°C, respectively. We observed higher exploitation of metabolic potential for current oxygen consumption during reoxygenation in N. zagrebensis than N. stygius. Exposure to hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation at 20°C increased catalase (CAT) activity in N. stygius, but not in N. zagrebensis. We observed increased glutathione reductase activity in both Niphargus species. We concluded that respiratory and antioxidant responses to severe hypoxia and increased temperature differed between closely related epigean and hypogean Niphargus species. Hypogean Niphargus species possess physiological and biochemical characteristics that are advantageous in temperature stable subterranean environments which support inhabiting of species that have low energetic demands, while epigean Niphargus species can successfully inhabit specific surface habitats.
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Povzetek: The article presents an updated checklist of the extant freshwater ostracods in Slovenia. The data were obtained from the published scientific literature up to 2012 and from field collections after 2012, mainly from springs and groundwaters and, to a lesser extent, from ponds and other surface waters. The erroneous and invalid species names cited in the existing literature are listed to avoid further misquotations. The updated checklist contains a total of 70 valid species names. The species belong to 3 superfamilies, 9 families and 32 genera. The species-richest is the family Candonidae (36 species), followed by the family Cyprididae (22 species). Further field samplings are needed to complete the species list, with the focus on the eastern and southeastern parts of Slovenia, and on the sampling of surface waters. Additionally, more in-depth literature investigations and examinations of old museum collections across Europe need to be carried out to obtain all existing data. Moreover, many stygobiotic species (i.e., species inhabiting exclusively subterranean waters), new for science, collected over the last 20 years, need to be scientifically described. Lastly, the Slovenian National Red list on ostracods needs to be urgently updated.
Ključne besede: Ostracoda, species, distribution, freshwater, groundwater, non-marine
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Povzetek: Prispevek predstavi zgodovino in razvoj revije Natura Sloveniaev 25 letih izhajanja, od 1999 do 2023. Izpostavljeni so začetki revije, ozadje in namen revije ter kratka analiza števila prispevkov, avtorjev in taksonomskih skupin, ki jih prispevki naslavljajo, vključno s pregledom odmevnosti izbranih prispevkov. V 25-letih je bilo v reviji objavljenih 286 prispevkov, ki jih je pripravilo 320avtorjev. Prispevki se osredotočajo na območje Slovenije in največkrat predstavljajo razširjenost vrst, objavljeni pa so tudi zapisi za druga območja iz osrednje in jugovzhodne Evrope, ki obravnavajo širše tematike povezane z ekologijo in naravovarstvom. Visoko citiranost in znanstveno odmevnost dosegajo zlasti prispevki, ki predstavljajo nacionalne sezname vrst ali poročajo o novih ali prvih opažanjih vrst v državi. Velika večina prispevkov je osredotočena na posamezne taksone, najpogosteje žuželke z redovoma metuljev in kačjih pastirjev. V 25. letu izhajanja prehaja revija v so-izdajanju Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani in Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo v okvir Založbe Univerze v Ljubljani in prične uporabljati nov portal za oddajo in obravnavo rokopisov. V tem letu tudi prvič izide tretja, tematska številka revije. Po četrt stoletja rednega izhajanja zaseda Natura Sloveniae pomembno mesto v slovenski znanstveni periodiki s področja biologije in nadaljuje svoje poslanstvo objavljanja izvirnih znanstvenih prispevkov s področja favnističnih, florističnih, biogeografskih, biodiverzitetnih in ekoloških raziskav v osrednji in jugovzhodni Evropi, ter vzpodbujanja mladih piscev k objavi svojih terenskih opažanj.
Ključne besede: Slovenija, floristika, favnistika, biodiverziteta, ekologija, naravovarstvo, terenska biologija, izvirni znanstveni prispevki
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Povzetek: Communication by substrate-borne mechanical waves is widespread in insects. The specifics of vibrational communication are related to heterogeneous natural substrates that strongly influence signal transmission. Insects generate vibrational signals primarily by tremulation, drumming, stridulation, and tymbalation, most commonly during sexual behavior but also in agonistic, social, and mutualistic as well as defense interactions and as part of foraging strategies. Vibrational signals are often part of multimodal communication. Sensilla and organs detecting substrate vibration show great diversity and primarily occur in insect legs to optimize sensitivity and directionality. In the natural environment, signals from heterospecifics, as well as social and enemy interactions within vibrational communication networks, influence signaling and behavioral strategies. The exploitation of substrate-borne vibrational signaling offers a promising application for behavioral manipulation in pest control.
Ključne besede: biotremology, substrate-borne communication, signaling context, vibrosensory evolution, multimodal signaling, pest management, insects, zoology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 204; Prenosov: 25
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Povzetek: The Dinarides in the Western Balkans host a globally exceptional subterranean biodiversity, but still areas remain with little or no data on subterranean species. In this work, we present the study of subterranean fauna in the upper Neretva River catchment (Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina), which included the first systematic exploration of the interstitial habitats in the country. During the five-day »Neretva Science Week« in the summer of 2022, we sampled six gravel bars, six springs and one cave. We gathered 268 records (taxon-locality-date) of 116 taxa, with 35 records referring to 27 terrestrial taxa. Nine terrestrial taxa were sampled in a cave, while 19 were found in aquatic samples, mostly from springs. 27 taxa were identified as obligate subterranean (troglobiotic) species, one terrestrial beetle from the cave, and 26 aquatic species, belonging to water mites, snails, and crustaceans. Eight of the aquatic troglobionts present the potential for new species to science. Of the latter, four species were distinguished based on morphology: two species of snails from the families Hydrobiidae and Moitessieriidae, one representative of Ostracoda and one Copepoda. Individuals of the aquatic troglobiotic isopods and amphipods were analysed molecularly, and based on molecular differences, two new species within the genus Proasellus and two within the genus Niphargus were proposed. Further work on all these taxa is needed for the formal descriptions of the new species to science. Despite the short study period, we have shown that the area is rich in endemic groundwater fauna. The hydroelectric power plant constructions planned in the region threaten groundwater communities by altering subterranean habitats and their connectivity. Further studies are needed to properly highlight the great diversity of the subterranean habitats of the Neretva River catchment and its wider region, and to include this knowledge in conservation strategies.
Ključne besede: troglobiont, Proasellus, Niphargus, Kerkia, Paladilhiopsis, Typhlocypris, Bryocamptus, water mites, conversation, hyporheic
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 44; Prenosov: 14
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