271. Comparison of self-collected and healthcare worker-collected rectovaginal swabs for group B streptococcus detection in pregnancy using PCR with a commercial collection-enrichment deviceIva Kukovica, Neža Omahen, Nika Klobučar, Martina Bučar, Anita Franko Rutar, Tina Perme, Miha Lučovnik, Samo Jeverica, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Universal screening for the detection of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnant women was recently introduced in Slovenia. The aim of our study was to determine whether self-collection of rectovaginal swabs is a valid alternative to collection by healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted between June and November 2023. A total of 227 pregnant women (aged 20 to 44 years) from the University Medical Center Ljubljana (n = 136), the Novo mesto Community Health Center (n = 48) and the Trebnje Community Health Center (n = 43) were included. Two swabs were taken: swab A by the HCWs using standard semi-solid Amies transport medium (Meus; current standard) and swab B by the pregnant woman following visual instructions using a commercial LIM Broth (Copan). Swabs were inoculated onto ChromID Strepto B (STRB) agars directly and after overnight enrichment in LIM broth. The NeuMoDx GBS assay was performed from the enrichment broth. A self-assessment questionnaire was completed after sampling. Performance characteristics were calculated and compared between different diagnostics test algorithms using McNemar’s test for paired samples. Results: Overall, GBS was detected in 18% (95% CI 13–23%; n = 40) of swabs A and 19% (95% CI 14–25%; n = 43) of swabs B. PCR was superior in both groups. In the group of swabs collected by HCWs, 4 (40 vs. 36; 11.1% difference; p = 0.046) and 3 (40 vs. 37; 8.1% difference; p = 0.083) additional positives were detected with PCR compared to direct and enrichment culture, respectively; in the group of self-collected swabs, 4 (43 vs. 39; 10.3% difference; p = 0.046) and 6 (43 vs. 36; 16.2% difference; p = 0.014) additional positives were detected with PCR compared to direct and enrichment culture, respectively. Self-collection showed a trend towards a higher diagnostic yield. PCR after enrichment from self-collected samples was found to be the most. sensitive method overall. 58.5% (n = 124/212; 95% CI 52–65%) of women would prefer the swabs taken by HCWs. Discussion: Self-collection of rectovaginal swabs during pregnancy is a good alternative to HCW-collected swabs. PCR from enrichment broth was better for the detection of GBS compared to enrichment culture. Majority of women preferred swabs taken by HCWs.
Ključne besede: group B streptococcus, self-collection, enrichment culture, PCR, chromogenic agar, pregnancy, screening
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 108; Prenosov: 53
 Celotno besedilo (214,14 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
272. Current state of epigenetics in giant cell arteritis : Focus on microRNA dysregulationLuka Bolha, Alojzija Hočevar, Vesna Jurčić, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary systemic vasculitis affecting the elderly, characterized by a granulomatous vessel wall inflammation of large- and medium-sized arteries. The immunopathology of GCA is complex, involving both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, where a maladaptive inflammatory-driven vascular repair process ultimately results in vessel wall thickening, intramural vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, neovascularization and vessel lumen occlusion, which can lead to serious ischemic complications such as visual loss and ischemic stroke. Over the past decade, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation has been highlighted as an important contributing factor underlying the pathogenesis of GCA. Since current understanding of miRNA involvement in GCA remains largely based on extrapolation of previously determined miRNA functions in vitro or in loss- or gain-of-function studies, an overall insight into the role of miRNA alteration in GCA pathophysiology remains limited. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge on aberrantly expressed miRNAs in GCA and thoroughly discuss the impact of their altered regulatory role in the context of GCA setting. Furthermore, we address challenges and future perspectives in utilization of miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of GCA in clinical settings.
Ključne besede: giant cell arteritis, epigenetics, microRNA, inflammation, vascular remodeling, biomarker
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 112; Prenosov: 49
Celotno besedilo (4,71 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
273. Effect of anesthetic modality on decision-to-delivery interval and maternal-neonatal outcomes in category 2 and 3 cesarean deliveriesPolona Pečlin, Maja Pavlica, Mirjam Druškovič, Gorazd Kavšek, Ivan Verdenik, Tatjana Stopar Pintarič, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background/Objectives: The optimal anesthetic technique for category 2 and 3 cesarean deliveries remains debated, with concerns about impacts on decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) and perinatal outcomes. This study examined the influence of epidural, spinal, and general anesthesia on DDI, surgical and postoperative complications, and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort study at a tertiary perinatology center enrolled parturient women undergoing category 2 and 3 cesarean deliveries. Three DDI phases were assessed for each anesthetic modality: transfer time (decision for cesarean section to admission in the operation room), anesthetic time (admission to incision), and delivery time (incision to delivery of the neonate). The surgical procedure time (incision to closure), neonatal (5 min Apgar score, umbilical artery pH/base excess, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission) and maternal (blood loss, surgical and postoperative complications) outcomes were also analyzed for each group. Results: There were 215 women (122 category 2 and 93 category 3) included. The use of epidural and general anesthesia was associated with significantly shortened DDI compared to spinal anesthesia (p < 0.001). This difference was due prolonged transfer (p < 0.05) and anesthetic times (p < 0.001), respectively. No cases of umbilical artery pH below 7 were observed in any group. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of umbilical artery pH between 7 and 7.10 or in base excess below -12 nmol/L (p = 0.416 and p = 0.865, respectively). NICU admission was higher with both general and spinal anesthesia (p = 0.021), but mainly due to a higher proportion of preterm births, both before the 32nd week (p = 0.033) and between the 32nd and 37th week of pregnancy (p < 0.001). General anesthesia was associated with higher maternal blood loss (p = 0.026) and a higher rate of postoperative complications (p = 0.006). Conclusions: In category 2 and 3 cesarean deliveries, general and epidural anesthesia were associated with shorter DDI compared to spinal anesthesia with no differences in neonatal outcomes. General anesthesia was associated with a higher risk of maternal complications compared to neuraxial anesthetic techniques.
Ključne besede: cesarean delivery anesthesia, decision-to-delivery interval, epidural anesthesia, general anesthesia, maternal outcomes, neonatal outcomes, spinal anesthesia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 142; Prenosov: 64
Celotno besedilo (884,32 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
274. Human primary lens epithelial cultures on basal laminas studied by synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy for understanding posterior capsular opacificationSofija Andjelić, Marko Hawlina, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Human primary lens epithelial cultures serve as an in vitro model for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) formation. PCO occurs when residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) migrate and proliferate after cataract surgery, differentiating into fibroblastic and lens fiber-like cells. This study aims to show and compare the bio-macromolecular profiles of primary LEC cultures and postoperative lens epithelia LECs on basal laminas (bls), while also analyzing bls and cultured LECs separately. Using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) microspectroscopy at the Spanish synchrotron light source ALBA, we observed that the SR-FTIR measurements were predominantly influenced by the strong collagen absorbance of the bls. Cultured LECs on bls showed a higher collagen contribution, indicated by higher vas CH3 , CH2 and CH3 wagging and deformation, and the C–N stretching of collagen. In contrast, postoperative LECs on bls showed a higher cell contribution, indicated by the vsym CH2 peak and the ratio between vas CH2 and vas CH3 peaks. The primary difference revealed using SR-FTIR is the greater LEC contribution in spectra recorded from postoperative lens epithelia compared to cultured LECs on bls. IR spectra for bl, cultured LECs and postoperative lens epithelia could be valuable for future research
Ključne besede: primary lens culture, human lens capsule, lens epithelial cells, synchrotron light
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 124; Prenosov: 58
Celotno besedilo (3,59 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
275. The dynamics of neuromuscular resilience across the lifespan : ageing, disuse and interventionChristoph Centner, Ramona Ritzmann, Uroš Marušič, Luke Hughes, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Ključne besede: neuromuscular system, biological ageing, chronic disease, physical inactivity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 129; Prenosov: 62
Celotno besedilo (168,57 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
276. Extreme mass distributions for quasi-copulasMatjaž Omladič, Martin Vuk, Aljaž Zalar, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The recent survey [3] nicknamed “Hitchhiker’s Guide” has raised the rating of quasi-copula problems in the dependence modeling community in spite of the lack of statistical interpretation of quasi-copulas. In our previous work we addressed the question of extreme values of the mass distribution associated with a mutidimensional quasi–copulas. Using linear programming approach we were able to settle [3, Open Problem 5] up to $d = 17$ and disprove a recent conjecture from [14] on solution to that problem. In this note we use an analytical approach to provide a complete answer to the original question.
Ključne besede: mass distribution, d-quasi-copula, volume, Lipschitz condition, bounds
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 82; Prenosov: 45
Celotno besedilo (4,00 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
277. Grammatical error correction of Slovenian school essays using large language modelsMatej Klemen, Martin Božič, Špela Arhar Holdt, Marko Robnik Šikonja, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Grammatical error correction (GEC) is the task of automatically detecting and correcting grammatical errors in text. Large language models have enabled the development of accurate automated methods for detecting and correcting certain types of errors. In the educational domain, the aim of GEC is to aid teachers in correcting student errors. Excessive paraphrasing is a property of Generative Pre-trained Transformer-based models and is undesirable in the language education context. To avoid this, we develop multiple Slovenian models for correcting errors in spelling, word case (capitalization), word form, and word order. We describe the training data construction, training process, and model evaluation approach using the Šolar-Eval 1.0 corpus of school essays authored by primary and secondary school students. Our quantitative evaluation shows that the developed models have reasonably high accuracy levels, and our qualitative evaluation highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the models and the evaluation process. The analysis reveals multiple challenges and promising future directions for improving both model development and the evaluation process.
Ključne besede: large language models, grammatical error correction, educational domain, synthetic data construction
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 144; Prenosov: 76
Celotno besedilo (284,22 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
278. Zgodnja obravnava družin za razvoj varne navezanosti otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektraMaša Orel, Zlatka Cugmas, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Vedno več raziskovalcev ugotavlja, da je lahko zgodnja navezanost pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra (MAS)1 podobna kot pri otrocih z značilnim razvojem, kljub temu pa je po raziskavah delež varno navezanih otrok z MAS manjši kot pri otrocih normativnega razvoja. Razlog za to so lahko številni dejavniki, izhajajoči iz družin otrok z MAS, ki ovirajo razvoj varne navezanosti otroka na starše. Opravili smo sistematični pregled raziskav, kjer so se avtorji osredotočali na zgodnjo navezanost otrok z MAS. Vključili smo raziskave zadnjih šestih let. Ugotovili smo, da se večina avtorjev usmerja v proučevanje specifičnih značilnosti staršev otrok z MAS oziroma družin kot dejavnikov zgodnje navezanosti otrok z MAS. S prepoznavanjem in razumevanjem značilnosti posamezne družine lahko pripravimo učinkovito podporo v zgodnji obravnavi družin otrok z MAS za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja celotne družine. Navezanosti otrok z MAS so opravljene na razmeroma majhnih vzorcih, z različno metodologijo in raznolikimi spremenljivkami ter občasno dajejo med seboj neskladne rezultate. Oblikovali smo priporočila za nadaljnje raziskovanje področja zgodnje navezanosti otrok z MAS in smernice za zgodnjo obravnavo družin otrok z MAS, ki spodbujajo navezanost otrok z MAS.
Ključne besede: motnja avtističnega spektra, MAS, zgodnja obravnava, starši
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 42
Celotno besedilo (1,00 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
279. Pravljice kot didaktično sredstvo pri pouku slovenščine kot drugega/tujega jezika : praktični primeri poučevanjaTeja Petrovčič, Hana Kuhar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Ljudske pravljice pri pouku tujega jezika spodbujajo razvoj otrok in mladostnikov na jezikovnem, čustvenem in spoznavnem področju, hkrati pa prinašajo veliko informacij o kulturi naroda, njegovih običajih in jeziku. V teoretičnem delu članka predstavimo vlogo slovenščine kot drugega/tujega jezika ter ruščine kot tujega jezika v slovenskem izobraževalnem sistemu ter opišemo položaj umetnostnih besedil, zlasti pravljice kot literarne zvrsti, pri pouku slovenščine in ruščine kot tujih jezikov. V članku ponazorimo razlike pri vključevanju pravljic v učne načrte za slovenščino in ruščino ter pojasnimo izvor teh razlik. Za dodatno osvetlitev koristi vključitve pravljic in za pomoč učiteljem v osrednjem delu članka predstavimo praktična primera uporabe ljudskih pravljic pri pouku slovenščine kot drugega/tujega in ruščine kot tujega jezika. Poudarimo, da imajo slovenske in ruske ljudske pravljice kot didaktično sredstvo veliko jezikovnih in besednih značilnosti, ki pripomorejo k razvoju jezikovnih zmožnosti ter so tako učencem v podporo pri učenju slovenščine kot drugega/tujega jezika in ruščine kot tujega jezika.
Ključne besede: slovenske ljudske pravljice, ruske ljudske pravljice, slovenščina kot drugi/tuji jezik, didaktika
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 40
Celotno besedilo (994,51 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
280. Experts’ Points of View on Culturally Responsive Teaching for Remedial EducationSalehuddin Al As Anuas, Nurfaradilla Mohamed Nasri, Mohd Norazmi Nordin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Incorporating cultural elements into pedagogy is perceived to enhance the language literacy proficiency of underachieving students. This research aims to determine the components required for developing a culturally responsive teaching strategy for remedial education in primary schools. The study utilized a quantitative research design by employing the Fuzzy Delphi method, in which data were collected via questionnaires received from a cross-disciplinary panel of 30 experts The data analysis results indicated that the experts approved all the components based on the consensus value exceeding 75%, the threshold value (d) being less than or equal to 0.2, and the fuzzy score (A) being greater than or equal to 0.5. The experts agreed to establish a culturally responsive teaching model for remedial education, which consists of six central components and 27 elements. The components include teachers’ professional competence, interaction, the classroom ecosystem, teaching planning and implementation, assessment, and social support involvement. This study offers culturally responsive teaching strategies for remedial teachers to help underachieving students with inadequate language literacy skills.
Ključne besede: culturally responsive teaching, Fuzzy Delphi, language literacy, remedial education, teaching strategies
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 95; Prenosov: 41
Celotno besedilo (1,02 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
