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2. Pediatric gonadal torsion in radiology : a comprehensive literature and pictorial review using surgically proven casesInácio Freitas, Carolina Soares-Aquino, Pedro Sá, Ana Catarina Silva, Damjana Ključevšek, Sílvia Costa Dias, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Pediatric gonadal torsion is a critical surgical emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and intervention to preserve reproductive capabilities. This review addresses the diagnostic challenges, imaging patterns, and management strategies for both ovarian and testicular torsion, including a brief discussion on the emerging role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), therefore filling a significant gap in the literature. We emphasize the need for a high index of suspicion due to often nonspecific clinical presentations, particularly in ovarian torsion. An accurate and swift diagnosis allows conservative surgical intervention to be offered, which is crucial to maximize gonadal salvage and minimize recurrence. While we highlight CEUS's potential benefits in enhancing diagnostic clarity without ionizing radiation, ultrasound and other modalities such as MRI and CT, have a paramount role in this setting. Future research comparing CEUS with MRI is essential to validate its diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness, potentially revolutionizing acute care diagnostics. Incorporating CEUS into diagnostic workflows, along with a deep understanding of the condition's epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, may probably significantly improve patient outcomes. We detail the characteristic imaging features, diagnostic pitfalls, and differential diagnoses essential for radiologists, with particular relevance for residents and those with limited pediatric radiology exposure. This review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps and serve as a robust educational tool, facilitating better clinical decision-making and outcomes in pediatric gonadal torsion cases.
Ključne besede: contrastenhanced ultrasonography, CEUS, testicular torsion, ovarian torsion, ultrasonography, pediatric surgery
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 4; Prenosov: 4
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3. Reading assessment and eye movement analysis in bilateral central scotoma due to age-related macular degenerationPolona Zaletel, Grega Jakus, Jaka Sodnik, Nadica Miljković, Ilija Tanasković, Smilja Stokanović, Andrej Meglič, Nataša Vidović Valentinčič, Polona Jaki Mekjavić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study investigates reading performances and eye movements in individuals with eccentric fixation due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Overall, 17 individuals with bilateral AMD (7 males; mean age 77.47 ± 5.96 years) and 17 controls (10 males; mean age 72.18 ± 5.98 years) were assessed for reading visual acuity (VA), reading speed (Minnesota low vision reading chart in Slovene, MNREAD-SI), and near contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson). Microperimetry (NIDEK MP-3) was used to evaluate preferential retinal locus (PRL) location and fixation stability. Eye movements were recorded with Tobii Proglasses 2 and analyzed for reading duration, saccade amplitude, peak velocity, number of saccades, saccade duration, and fixation duration. Individuals with AMD exhibited significantly reduced reading indices (worse reading VA (p < 0.001), slower reading (p < 0.001), and lower near contrast sensitivity (p < 0.001)). Eye movement analysis revealed prolonged reading duration, longer fixation duration, and an increased number of saccades in individuals with AMD per paragraph. The number of saccades per paragraph was significantly correlated with all measured reading indices. These findings provide insights into reading adaptations in AMD. Simultaneously, the proposed approach in analyzing eye movements puts forward eye trackers as a prospective diagnostic tool in ophthalmology
Ključne besede: reading visual acuity, reading speed, near contrast sensitivity, microperimetry, preferential retinal locus, fixation stability, eye tracking, saccades, fixation duration
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 4; Prenosov: 4
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5. Prevalence, determinants, and prognostic impact of polyvascular disease in patients hospitalised for atherosclerosis in Slovenia : a nationwide, retrospective cohort studyKevin Pelicon, Tjaša Furlan, Vinko Boc, Dalibor Gavrić, Borut Jug, Petra Došenović Bonča, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background Polyvascular disease (PVD) is an increasingly recognised form of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with heightened prognostic implications. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of PVD in Slovenia. Methods We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study using national-level reimbursement data from The Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2023. The study considered all adults who were hospitalised for coronary, cerebrovascular, or lower extremity peripheral arterial disease with diagnoses defined using ICD-10 codes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify cardiovascular risk factors for PVD. Patients were grouped by the number of affected vascular beds. The primary outcomes were all-cause death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse limb events (MALE), and major bleeding. In outcome analysis, a landmark of 90 days was considered. Cause-specific survival analysis was performed, and associations with the primary outcomes was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and prescribed medication. Findings The study included 91,917 adults hospitalised for ASCVD. Of these, 85,703 (93.2%) had atherosclerosis in one vascular bed, 5878 (6.4%) in two, and 336 (0.4%) in three; the latter two groups (6214; 6.8%) were classified as having PVD. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were strongly associated with PVD, with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.96; 95% CI 1.81–2.11; p < 0.0001), diabetes (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.48–1.66; p < 0.0001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a surrogate indicator of tobacco use (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.40–1.74; p < 0.0001) emerging as the strongest predictors. Compared to patients with ASCVD in one vascular bed, patients with two affected beds had adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.24 (95% CI 1.09–1.42) for all-cause death, 1.51 (95% CI 1.24–1.83) for MACE, 2.52 (95% CI 2.08–3.05) for MALE, and 1.27 (95% CI 1.05–1.54) for major bleeding. Patients with three affected beds had adjusted HRs of 1.69 (95% CI 1.40–2.03), 2.70 (95% CI 2.23–3.28), 4.24 (95% CI 3.49–5.14), and 2.31 (95% CI 1.45–3.68), respectively. Interpretation Patients with PVD face a high overall disease burden, with adverse event rates increasing in proportion to the number of affected vascular beds. Accurate assessment of individual risk profiles is essential, as patients with the highest baseline risk are most likely to benefit from intensified preventive strategies. Potential underreporting inherent in administrative claims data, along with our selective criteria for defining leading diagnoses, may have somewhat limited the number of identified patients with PVD. Nonetheless, even after adjusting for group size, comorbidities, and prescribed medication, PVD independently predicted not only all-cause death and ischaemic events but also major bleeding. Further research is needed to define optimal treatment strategies in this high-risk population.
Ključne besede: atherosclerosis, polyvascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, risk factors, survival analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 4; Prenosov: 4
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6. Talking and thinking with AI : how AI chatbots restructure epistemic identity and virtueMateja Centa Strahovnik, Vojko Strahovnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The incorporation of large language models or ai-driven chatbots into every-day communication and knowledge practices has significant implications for how we think and understand ourselves as epistemic agents. This paper investigates how ai chatbots reshape epistemic identity and virtue, focusing on the effects of human-ai interaction. The use of ai chatbots can ultimately impact epistemic virtues such as curiosity, intellectual humility, and open-mindedness on the one hand, and also raise questions about epistemic agency and responsibility on the other. This paper emphasizes the importance of reflective practices that maintain human autonomy, foster epistemic responsibility, and promote virtuous collabo-ration with ai systems. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a partial reimagining of epistemic identity and epistemic collaboration in the age of ai, seeking a bal-ance between the advantages of ai and the significance and uniqueness of human intellectual endeavors.
Ključne besede: epistemic identity, epistemic virtue, agency, artificial intelligence (AI), human-AI interaction, epistemic collaboration
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 6; Prenosov: 6
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7. Christian incarnation in the age of digital disembodimentBranko Klun, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In an age increasingly shaped by digital mediation, technological abstraction, and reductive conceptions of the human body, this article explores the concept of Christian embodiment as an important counter-narrative. Drawing on biblical anthropology, Jewish thought, and Christian doctrines such as the incarnation and resurrection, it asserts that the body is not merely a technical obstacle or biological fact, but a place of gift, relation, and vocation. it is through the body that human personhood is expressed, love is enacted, and communion with others becomes possible. The article critically engages with contemporary cultural tendencies such as transhumanism, posthumanism, and digital self-optimization, while offering a theological vision in which the fullness of life is realized not through the transcend-ence of the body, but through its transfiguration in love. Rooted in gratitude and relationship, Christian embodiment encourages a renewed ethic of presence in a world increasingly threatened by disembodiment.
Ključne besede: Christian antropology, embodiment, digital culture, transhumanism, incarnation, relationality
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 7; Prenosov: 6
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8. Experiencing mortality and transcendence in the digital ageRoman Globokar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The rapid development of digital technology is also bringing changes to the ex-perience of mortality and transcendence. New possibilities for prolonging life and the promise of immortality are prompting a reevaluation of who human beings truly are and what path of development they should take to preserve the possibil-ity of living with dignity in the future. in the first part, i critically evaluate Yuval Harari’s provocative work Homo Deus, which suggests a transition from condi-tio humana to conditio posthumana, which is marked by desires for immortality, happiness, and divinity. He believes that algorithms play a central role in digital culture and are gaining increasing trust among people. a view called dataism is gaining prominence, which posits that all of reality is merely a collection of data. in the second part, i contrast this view with Hans Jonas’s philosophy of the organ-ism, which sees the living organism as a paradigm of being. The living organism cannot be reduced to data, and therefore, the whole of reality transcends the data level. an essential part of a living being is its mortality, which Jonas understands as both a burden and a blessing: without death, there is no new life. The last section is devoted to theological reflection on the dual character of human life alongside the first three chapters of Genesis. The fundamental biblical truth is that human-ity is created in the image of God, which means that they are created transient, vulnerable, and mortal, but at the same time transcended and called to eternity. The basic thesis of this paper is that mortality is part of that human being created in God’s image and that it is within our physicality and transience that we experi-ence the longing to transcend this world and to seek eternity. faith in a personal God, within the context of reductionist dataism, frees one from being trapped in the determinism of algorithms and gives one the courage to make responsible choices for the future of humanity.
Ključne besede: digital culture, mortality, transcendence, dataism, imago Dei
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 7; Prenosov: 6
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9. Creating the Slovenian genome database and browser as a source of comprehensive variation of the Slovenian populationAleš Maver, Peter Juvan, Urška Kotnik, Luca Lovrečić, Gaber Bergant, Borut Peterlin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The genomic data of Central European populations is underrepresented in the publicly available databases. We present the comprehensive genomic variation of the Slovenian population, based on the genomic sequencing of 9425 non-related individuals, i.e. more than 0.44% of the Slovenian population. Over 30 million unique single nucleotide and small indel (30.8 million), copy number (217.6 thousand), and mitochondrial variants (3.3 thousand) were uncovered and annotated by analysing the whole genome of 619 individuals and the whole exome of 8806 individuals. This population variation, including 3,9 million novel variants, is presented in a publicly available genome variant browser, the SloGenVar (https://slogenvar.si). We used this newly developed resource to reveal the population frequency of pathogenic variants in the genes associated with recessive conditions. The Slovenian genome database and browser offer the largest and the most comprehensive publicly available Central European population genomic variant resource, providing an important asset for genomic studies and as a control variant database for variant interpretation in the region and beyond.
Ključne besede: population genomic variation, whole genome sequencing, genome browser, Slovenian genome database
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 4; Prenosov: 2
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10. The plausibility of mind uploadingBojan Žalec, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This article discusses the plausibility of uploading the human mind onto a non-biological digital medium. The concept of mind uploading has gained significant momentum due to advances in digital technology and artificial intelligence. This question is highly relevant for theology and religion because it addresses key theo-logical issues. Undoubtedly, mind uploading conflicts with religious and theologi-cal perspectives that view the human being as an inseparable unity of mind and body. Consequently, it should be examined from a theological standpoint. The author explores philosophical questions related to mind uploading, which are also very important for theology. He presents and critically examines the fundamental assumptions of mind uploading—namely dualism and functionalism—along with many arguments questioning its plausibility—including based on the biological limitations of consciousness, the phenomenological aspect of embodiment, the active perspective of consciousness, the significance of the body model in iden-tity, and the role of body in social integration, relationships, and daily life. He devotes a lot of space to explaining the importance of the (lived) body. He shows how difficult it is to see how a non-biological digital substrate could replace it. He concludes that the plausibility of mind uploading remains highly questionable, both scientifically and philosophically. Based on current evidence, it is reasonable to argue that the human mind is fundamentally dependent on its biological and bodily aspects and cannot be reproduced on non-biological digital substrates.
Ključne besede: mind uploading, philosophy of the mind, dualism, funcitonalism, biological aspects of the human mind, phenomenology of the body and mind
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 4; Prenosov: 4
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